Bio 134 Ch. 19 Protists
Main Idea! Protists form a diverse group of organisms that are subdivided based on their method of obtaining nutrients
What do all protists have in common?! They are all eukaryotes
How are protists classified?! Based on how they obtain nutrients
What are protozoan?! Animal-like protists
How do protozoa obtain nutrients?! They are heterotrophs they ingest food
How do plantlike protists obtain their nutrients?! They make their own food through photosynthesis
How do the funguslike protists obtain their nutrients?! They absorb their nutrients from other organisms
19.2 Protozoan Animal-like protists p. 546-552
Main Idea! Protozoans are animal-like, heterotrophic protists
How do members of ciliophora move around?! They use cilia Cilia numerous short hairlike projections
Example of a Ciliate:
Stentor
Trichodina pediculus
Paramecuim
Paramecia structures:! Pellicle a layer of membrane! Trichocysts cylindrical bodies that discharge a spinelike structure! Contractile vacuoles collect excess water from the cytoplasm and expel it from the cell
How do members of sarcodina move around?! With the use of a pseudopod Pseudopod a temporary extension of cytoplasm used to surround and envelop food
Amoeba
What other name do apicomplexa go by?! sporozoans
How do the sporozoans get their food?! They are parasitic Parasitic they get their nutritional requirements from a host
What disease can be caused by sporozoans?! malaria
What other name do zoomastigina go by?! zooflagellates
How do zooflagellates move around?! Use a flagella Flagella long whiplike projections that protrude from the cell, used for movement
What two diseases can be caused by zooflagellates?! African sleeping sickness! American sleeping sickness
19.3 Algae Plantlike protists p. 553-559
Main idea! Algae are plantlike, autotrophic protists that are the producers for aquatic ecosystems
What are the light absorbing pigments in algae?! chlorophyll
Where are the light absorbing pigments found?! In the chloroplasts
What is a diatom?! A unicellular algae that have walls made of silica
Diatoms
How do dinoflagellates move around?! They have two flagella that make them spin
Dinoflagellates
What is bioluminescence?! Bioluminescence (or bioluminescent) means they emit light
Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates
What is a algal bloom?! When dinoflagellates reproduce in great numbers
Algal bloom
What is a red tide?! A algal bloom of red pigmented dinoflagellates
Red Tide
How do euglena obtain food?! They are photosynthetic but can also be heterotrophic
Euglena
How do Chrysophytes obtain food?! They are all photosynthetic, but some can also be heterotrophic
What is a colony?! A group of cells that join together to form a close association
Colony of Golden-brown algae
Yellow-green algae
Where can you find brown algae?! Along rocky coasts in cool areas of the world
Brown Algae
How are green algae and plants similar?! Contain chlorophyll! Green! Have cell walls! Store food as carbohydrates
Spirogyra
Colony of Volvox
Why can red algae live in deeper water than other algae?! Their red color allows them to absorb green, violet,and blue light that can penetrate water to a deeper depth
Red Algae
What are some uses for algae?
What is Alteration of Generations?! A life cycle of algae that takes two generations to complete one that reproduces sexually and one that reproduces asexually.
Alteration of Generations
19.4 Funguslike Protists p. 561-565
Main Idea! Funguslike protists obtain their nutrition by absorbinig nutrients from dead or decaying organisms
How are slime molds and fungus alike?! They reproduce through spores! They absorb nutrients from decaying organic material
How are slime molds and fungus different?! Fungi have chitin in cell walls! Slime molds have cellulose
What is plasmodium?! A mobile mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no separate cells
How are acelllar slime molds and cellular slime molds different?! Acellular slime molds form a plasmodium (many nuclei, but no separate cells)! Cellular slime molds are amoeba-like cells moving in a mass
What is acrasin?! When food is scarce, slime mold cells give off this chemical
What does acrasin do?! It signals the slime mold cells to all get together, form a fruiting body, and release spores
Where can you find water molds and downy mildew?! In water or damp places