CropLife Australia Insecticide Resistance Management Review Group Mode of Action Classification for Insecticides Valid as at 22 June 2018

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1* Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors * all members of this class may not be cross resistant 2 GABA-gated chloride channel blockers 1A Carbamates* 1B Organophosphates* 2A Cyclodiene organochlorines 2B Phenylpyrazoles (Fiproles) Bendiocarb Carbaryl Carbofuran Carbosulfan Methiocarb Methomyl Oxamyl Pirimicarb Propoxur Thiodicarb Acephate Azamethiphos Azinphos methyl Cadusafos Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos-methyl Diazinon Dichlorvos Dimethoate Ethion Fenamiphos Fenitrothion Fenthion Maldison (malathion) Methidathion Mevinphos Omethoate Phorate Phosmet Pirimiphos-methyl Profenofos Prothiofos Temephos Terbufos Trichlorfon No registered actives Fipronil 1 Refer APVMA website (www.apvma.gov.au) to obtain complete list of registered products from the PUBCRIS database This document is a guide only and does not endorse particular products, groups of products or cultural methods in terms of their performance. Always follow the product label for specific use instructions. While all effort has been taken with the information supplied in this document no responsibility, actual or implied, is taken for the day to day accuracy of product or active constituent specific information. Readers should check with the Australian regulator s (APVMA) product database for contemporary information on products and actives. The database can be sourced through www.apvma.gov.au. The information given in this document is provided in good faith and without any CropLife Australia Limited, Locked Bag 4396, Canberra ACT 2604 Page 1 of 7

3 Sodium channel modulators 4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) competitive modulators 5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators (nachr) 6 Glutamate-gated Chloride (GluCl) channel allosteric modulators 7 Juvenile hormone mimics 3A Pyrethroids Pyrethrins 3B 4A Neonicotinoids 4B Nicotine 4C Sulfoximine Spinosyns Avermectins Milbemycins 7A Juvenile hormone analogues 7B Fenoxycarb 7C Pyriproxyfen Allethrin Alpha-cypermethrin Beta-cyfluthrin Bifenthrin Bioallethrin Bioresmethrin Cyfluthrin Cypermethrin Cyphenothrin Deltamethrin Esbiothrin Esfenvalerate Fenvalerate Flumethrin Gamma-cyhalothrin Imiprothrin Lambda-cyhalothrin Permethrin Prallethrin Pyrethrins Tau-fluvalinate Tetramethrin Transfluthrin Zeta-cypermethrin Acetamiprid Clothianidin Dinotefuran Imidacloprid Thiacloprid Thiamethoxam Sulfoxaflor Spinosad Spinetoram Abamectin, Emamectin benzoate Milbemectin Methoprene Fenoxycarb Pyriproxyfen Page 2 of 7

8 Miscellaneous non-specific (multisite) inhibitors- 9 Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators Nerve Action 10 Mite growth inhibitors 11 Microbial disrupters of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins) 12 Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase 13 Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient 8A Alkyl halides 8B Chloropicrin 8C Fluorides 9B Pyridine azomethine derivatives 9D Pyropenes 10A Clofentezine Hexythiazox 10B Etoxazole 11A Bacillus thuringiensis and the insecticidal proteins they produce. 11B B. sphaericus and the insecticidal proteins they produce 12A Diafenthiuron 12B Organotin miticides 12C Propargite 12D Tetradifon Chlorfenapyr Methyl bromide Chloropicrin Sulfuryl fluoride Pymetrozine Afidopyropen Clofentezine Hexythiazox Etoxazole Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis B.t. crop proteins: Cry1Ac Cry2Ab Cry1F Vip3A Bacillus sphaericus Diafenthiuron Fenbutatin oxide Propargite Tetradifon Chlorfenapyr 14 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers Nereistoxin analogues Page 3 of 7

15 Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, Benzoylureas Bistrifluron Chlorfluazuron Diflubenzuron Flufenoxuron Hexaflumuron Lufenuron Novaluron Triflumuron 16 Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 17 Moulting disruptor, Dipteran 18 Ecdysone receptor agonists 19 Octopamine receptor agonists 20 Mitchondrial complex III electron 21 Mitchondrial complex I electron Buprofezin Cyromazine Diacylhydrazines Amitraz 20A Hydramethylnon 20B 20C 20D Bifenazate 21A METI acaricides and insecticides 21B Rotenone Buprofezin Cyromazine Methoxyfenozide Tebufenozide Amitraz Hydramethylnon Bifenazate Fenpyroximate Pyridaben Tebufenpyrad Rotenone (Derris) 22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers 23 Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase Lipid synthesis, growth regulation 22A Oxadiazines 22B Semicarbazones Tetronic and Tetramic acid derivatives Indoxacarb metaflumizone Spirotetramat Page 4 of 7

24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron 25 Mitochondrial complex II electron 24A Phosphides 24B Cyanides 25A Beta-ketonitrile derivatives Phosphine Aluminium phosphide Magnesium phosphide 25B Carboxanilides 28 Ryanodine receptor modulators Nerve and muscle action 29 Chordotonal organ modulators undefined target site Diamides Flonicamid Chlorantraniliprole Cyantraniliprole Flubendiamide Flonicamid UN Azadirachtin Azadirachtin Compounds of unknown or uncertain Dicofol Dicofol mode of action 2 Lime sulphur Sulphur Lime sulphur Sulphur 2 A compound with an unknown or controversial mode of action or an unknown mode of toxicity will be held in group un until evidence becomes available to enable that compound to be assigned to a more appropriate mode of action group. Page 5 of 7

Mode of Action Group Classification for Insecticides Active List Valid as at 22 June 2018 Active Current Group Active Current Group Abamectin 6 Fipronil 2B Acephate 1B Flonicamid 29 Acetamiprid 4A Flubendiamide 28 Afidopyropen 9D Flufenoxuron 15 Allethrin 3A Flumethrin 3A Alpha-cypermethrin 3A Gamma-cyhalothrin 3A Aluminium phosphide 24A Hexaflumuron 15 Amitraz 19 Hexythiazox 10A Azadirachtin UN Hydramethylnon 20A Azamethiphos 1B Imidacloprid 4A Azinphos methyl 1B Imiprothrin 3A Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 11 Indoxacarb 22A Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis 11 Lambda-cyhalothrin 3A Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki 11 Lufenuron 15 Bacillus sphaericus 11 Magnesium phosphide 24A Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis 11 Maldison (malathion) 1B Bendiocarb 1A Metaflumizone 22B Beta-cyfluthrin 3A Methidathion 1B Bifenazate 20 Methiocarb 1A Bifenthrin 3A Methomyl 1A Bioallethrin 3A Methoprene 7A Bioresmethrin 3A Methoxyfenozide 18 Bistrifluron 15 Methyl bromide 8A Buprofezin 16 Mevinphos 1B Cadusafos 1B Milbemectin 6 Carbaryl 1A Oxamyl 1A Carbofuran 1A Omethoate 1B Carbosulfan 1A Permethrin 3A Chlorantraniliprole 28 Phorate 1B Chlorfenvinphos 1B Phosmet 1B Chlorfluazuron 15 Phosphine 24A Chlorfenapyr 13 Pirimicarb 1A Chloropicrin 8B Pirimiphos-methyl 1B Chlorpyrifos 1B Prallethrin 3A Chlorpyrifos-methyl 1B Profenofos 1B Clofentezine 10A Propargite 12C Clothianidin 4A Propoxur 1A Cyantraniliprole 28 Prothiofos 1B Cyfluthrin 3A Pymetrozine 9B Cypermethrin 3A Pyrethrins 3A Cyromazine 17 Pyridaben 21A Deltamethrin 3A Pyriproxyfen 7C Diafenthiuron 12A Spinosad 5 Diazinon 1B Spinetoram 5 Dichlorvos 1B Spirotetramat 23 Dicofol UN Sulfoxaflor 4C Diflubenzuron 15 Tau-fluvalinate 3A Dimethoate 1B Tebufenozide 18 Dinotefuran 4A Tebufenpyrad 21A Emamectin benzoate 6 Temephos 1B Esbiothrin 3A Terbufos 1B Ethion 1B Tetradifon 12D Etoxazole 10B Tetramethrin 3A This document is a guide only and does not endorse particular products, groups of products or cultural methods in terms of their performance. Always follow the product label for specific use instructions. While all effort has been taken with the information supplied in this document no responsibility, actual or implied, is taken for the day to day accuracy of product or active constituent specific information. Readers should check with the Australian regulator s (APVMA) product database for contemporary information on products and actives. The database can be sourced through www.apvma.gov.au. The information given in this document is provided in good faith and without any Advice given in this strategy is Valid as at 22 June 2018. All previous versions of this strategy are now invalid. Phone: 02 62732733 Email: info@croplife.org.au Website: www.croplife.org.au Page 6 of 7

Esfenvalerate 3A Thiacloprid 4A Fenamiphos 1B Thiamethoxam 4A Fenbutatin oxide 12B Thiodicarb 1A Fenitrothion 1B Transfluthrin 3A Fenoxycarb 7B Trichlorfon 1B Fenpyroximate 21A Triflumuron 15 Fenthion 1B Fenvalerate 3A Zeta-cypermethrin 3A This document is a guide only and does not endorse particular products, groups of products or cultural methods in terms of their performance. Always follow the product label for specific use instructions. While all effort has been taken with the information supplied in this document no responsibility, actual or implied, is taken for the day to day accuracy of product or active constituent specific information. Readers should check with the Australian regulator s (APVMA) product database for contemporary information on products and actives. The database can be sourced through www.apvma.gov.au. The information given in this document is provided in good faith and without any Advice given in this strategy is Valid as at 22 June 2018. All previous versions of this strategy are now invalid. Phone: 02 62732733 Email: info@croplife.org.au Website: www.croplife.org.au Page 7 of 7