Canadian Coastal Lidar Mapping Initiatives in Support of the Ocean Protection Plan Stephen Parsons Canadian Hydrographic Service Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, Nova Scotia stephen.parsons@dfo-mpo.gc.ca JALBTCX Coastal Mapping and Charting Workshop, 2018
Canadian Coastal Lidar Mapping Initiatives in Support of the Ocean Protection Plan Review of the OPP projects 2017-2019 How is this Data is going to be used. Discuss Data Formats (IHO S-57, LAS Classification) S-44 Standards for Hydrographic Surveys (LiDAR Applications?) 2
The Canadian Hydrographic Service Organization of About 300 People in 5 Regional Offices (IOS, Victoria, BC, CCIW, Burlington, ON, IML, Mont Joli, PQ, BIO, Dartmouth NS, NWFC, St.John s NL) with a Headquarters Office in Ottawa. CHS Currently Maintains About 950 Nautical Charts for Canada Challenge of Dealing with Worlds Longest Coastline Four Key Activities Production and Maintenance of Nautical Chart and Publications Hydrographic Survey and Mapping Monitoring of Tides and Water Levels Maritime Boundaries and Sovereignty Clients We Serve Commercial Shipping Recreational Boating Fishing Industry National Defence Oil, Gas and Mineral Exploration CCG (Search and Rescue, Aids to Navigation) Science and Academia (Climate, Marine Environmental Protection, Habitat, Aquaculture, etc.) 3
The Ocean Protection Plan (OPP) Canadians rely on their coastline to earn a living, to import goods and export Canadian products. The Government of Canada is working hard to make sure our country will benefit for healthy oceans for generations to come. In November of 2016 the Prime Minister of Canada launched the $1.5-billion Ocean Protection Plan to protect Canada s Coast and Waterways, while supporting strong economic growth. Initiatives of OPP: Modernizing our Marine Safety System Protecting and Preserving the Marine Ecosystems and Habitats Supporting Science Based Decisions Removing Abandoned Boats and Wrecks Protecting Canada s Whale Population Creating Stronger Indigenous Partnerships and Engaging Coastal Communities Engaging Canadians (through formal feedback) From CHS perspective this is an investment in improved hydrography and charting in areas of high traffic, commercial ports and water ways which supports safer navigation. 4
Canada s OPP Modern Hydrography and Charting Hydrography in Ports Near Shore Bathymetry Arctic Hydrography and Charting Hydrographic Dynamic Products Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) 5
Canada s OPP Near Shore Bathymetry (West Coast) Queen Charlotte Islands and Hecate Strait Primary Lidar surveys are around Haida Gwaii, Banks Island to Chatam Sound Multibeam Extends from Lidar Data Extinction 6
Canada s OPP (West Coast) Progress June 2018 7 Queen Charlotte Islands and Hecate Strait Primary Lidar surveys are around Haida Gwaii is in progress Water Clarity Observations including Hyperspectral and Sampling Completed MODIS and OLCII Satellite passes were achieved but cloud cover was an issue.
Canada s OPP Near Shore Bathymetry (Great Lakes) Lake Ontario (Completed) 2017 Lake Erie, Lake Huron and part of Lake Superior (Scheduled 2018) Georgian Bay and Lake Superior (Scheduled 2019) 8
Canada s OPP Near Shore Bathymetry (Eastern Canada) 9 Northumberland Strait, Western Newfoundland, North Shore Quebec ( 2017) St Lawrence River and Eastern Nova Scotia (Scheduled 2018) Anticosti Island (Scheduled 2019)
How is CHS using the OPP data. There is a Lot of Data!!! What are we using all of this data for? The primary deliverable is the collection of data in High Priority areas for the updating of nautical publications through: Notices to Shipping/Mariners, Patches to charts, and Updating or creating New Chart editions. The data is also being collected to support the other OPP objectives such as: Providing coastal data for science based decisions, Marine Response Planning, Protecting Coastal Marine Ecosystems Supporting the Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI). 10
OPP Data - User Requirements Users have different data product needs and format requirements. Science tends to want to use the for coastal modelling, change detection, they use imagery for interpretations and normally need to conduct ground truth observations in the field for categorization. Planners are interested in flood modelling, coastal erosion, imagery to support coastal infrastructure knowledge. CHS needs data to support marine safety and aid in it s ecosystems support role. Fundamentally we have a role to maintain Canada Nautical Publications. Lidar topo-bathymetric data has to be turned into useable chart objects. 11
Hydrographic Data and New Technology Traditionally Hydrographers specialized in Acoustic Echo Sounding Systems and there is still a very significant focus on this technology when considering accuracy standards and data usage. In my own office in CHS we primarily specialize in MBES systems, we leave the LiDAR collection to our contractors as we develop more skills to process and analyze this data for charting. Over the last 3-4 years we have seen 3 other technologies become more widely used: Multibeam ILRIS Laser Scanner Launches producing topo and bathymetry Satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) creating another topo/bathy point cloud. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)s used to create structure from motion point clouds. 12
Classification Confusion -Various Schemes in CHS Atlantic LAS Classifications were a combination of other class lists form contractors suppling the data. We have received or A more complex Another one was set up requested The most basic classified classification point scheme classification is the one we scheme have been using for a A years delivery which intended is simply for Cloud Accept/Reject on a few flags. was set up for a Science Chart use and S-57 occasions. This data set data delivery object creation had Accept the is basic Bathymetry, classes. every thing else is rejected. Set up. 13
S-57 - IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data S-57 The Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data Without getting into a lot of details, this is currently the widely used format to encode standard objects used on Electronic Navigation Charts. It is also the primary format used for creating objects in our chart production process (the Hydrographic Products Database(HPD)). Any source data that is put onto Nautical chart must be made into S-57 based objects with appropriate object class and attribution categories. CATZOC and S-44 and Bathy-Lidar Correlation To CATZOC- We tend to use CATZOC B since the coverage is usual not 100% complete or the coverage is not clearly defined even though the horizontal and vertical accuracy is being met. Categorized as S-44 1B (Again due to lack of coverage and object detection uncertainty). 14
Example of a S-57 Object and Attributes (SLCONS) Object Class SLCONS Shoreline Construction Attributes Set A: CATSLC COLOUR COLPAT CONDTN CATSLC CONRAD CONVIS DATEND DATASTA HEIGHT HORACC HORCLR HORLEN HORWID NATCON NOBJNM OBJNAM STATUS VERACC VERACC VERDAT VERLEN WATLEV WATLEV Set B INFORM NINFOM NTXTDS SCAMAX SCAMIN TXTDSC Set C RECDAT RECIND SORDAT SORIND Object Attributes WATLEV Example THESE - CATSLC COULD REALLY USE S-57 Objects from Point Clouds 1 Breakwater 2 Groyne 3 Mole 4 Pier (Jetty) 5 Promenade 6 Wharf 7 Training Wall 8 Rip Rap 9 Reventment 10 Sea Wall 11 Landing Steps 12 Ramp 13 Slipway 14 Fender 15 Solid Wharf Face 16 Open Wharf Face 17 Log Ramp Extracted from Appendix A - Chapter 1/2 Object/Attribute Catalogue IHO S-57 15
Existing IHO S-44 Standard Table 1 Orders of Survey Special, 1a, 1b, 2 Total Horizontal Uncertainty Total Vertical Uncertainty Full Seafloor Search Requirement (Y/N) Feature/Object Detection Line Spacing Positioning of Fixed Aids to Navigation Positioning of Coastline and Topography Mean Position of Floating Aids to Navigation 16
Example of Matrix Approach (Draft Concept) Are there other factors that relate specifically to Bathymetric LiDAR that should be considered in S-44? Data Coverage and Feature Detection are limitations in Table 1. Can LiDAR specific TPU be applied in a similar way with CUBE? Other measures of data quality to include in the Properties? FEEDBACK IS TIMELY 17
Thank You Contact Information: Stephen.Parsons@dfo-mpo.gc.ca Stephen Parsons Canadian Hydrographic Service (Atlantic Region), Bedford Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, Canada