Penn West Pembina Cardium CO 2 EOR seismic monitoring program Don Lawton Marcia Coueslan, Fuju Chen Henry Bland, Abdullah Alshuhail University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Penn West Petroleum CO 2 -EOR Pilot
Penn West monitoring program (2005-2008) (ARC, AGS, UofA, UofC) Regional, local & reservoir geology Hydrogeology Well analysis, well integrity Observation well instrumentation Timelapse seismic program Passive seismic program Timelapse geochemistry program Monitoring wells (groundwater) Soil and casing gas Core & reservoir fluids analysis Rock physics & well log suites
Stratigraphy and sonic log response P-wave sonic S-wave sonic Ground Surface 0 Ardley Coal Knee Hill Tuff 434 494 506 Edmonton 1023 1023 Belly River 1291.4 Lea Park Cardium Zone Cardium Conglomerate Upper Cardium Sandstone Middle Cardium Sandstone Lower Cardium Sandstone 1599 1619 1619.5 1622 1630.5 1637.2 Courtesy Rick Chalaturnyk
102/07-11-48-9W5/0 Gamma_Ray P-Wave Sonic S-Wave Sonic Vp/Vs Cardium Zone Cardium Sandstone Blackstone Fm
V p change versus CO 2 saturation V new p = K new sat ρ + 4 3 new b μ sat Ф =9% Ф =13%
PennWest Pembina Cardium CO 2 Pilot 10-11 (P) 9-11 (P) 12-12 (P) 102/10-11 (I) 102/12-12 (I) 102/7-11 (P) 8-11(P) 5-12 (P) 7-11 (Obs) Observation well Depth ~1650 m BHP ~19MPa BHT ~50 o C March 2005 70 t/day CO 2 Depth ~1620 m 1.1 km
Seismic lines, Penn West CO 2 EOR Pilot Line 1 Line 2 Seismic lines Line 3 CO 2 injection pad Line 6 Observation well 1 km
Seismic lines, Penn West CO 2 EOR Pilot Phase 1: March 2005 Phase 2: December 2005 Phase 3: March 2007
Seismic lines, Penn West CO 2 EOR Pilot
Seismic lines, Penn West CO 2 EOR Pilot Line 1 Line 2 Seismic lines Line 3 CO 2 injection pad Line 6 Observation well 1 km
Passive seismic record
Multicomponent surface seismic and vertical seismic profile (VSP) surface seismic 3C receivers P-S P-P P-down observation well (VSP) P-down Vp1, Vs1, ρ1 S up P up Vp2, Vs2, ρ2 Vp2, Vs2, ρ2
Seismic lines, Penn West CO 2 EOR Pilot Line 1 Line 2 Seismic lines Line 3 CO 2 injection pad Line 6 Observation well 1 km
W Line 3 migrated P-P section (Phase I) E Ardley coals Cardium Viking
W Line 3 migrated P-S section E Ardley coals Cardium Viking
PP (left) and PS (right) correlation P-wave sonic PP seismic S-wave sonic PS seismic Synthetic seismogram Seismic trace Synthetic seismogram Seismic trace Ardley Ardley Cardium Sand Blackstone Cardium Sand Blackstone Well location
Line 3 P-P & P-S correlation W E P-P P-S
3D volume display [P-P] Ardley Cardium
P-P time structure - Cardium
Seismic lines, Penn West CO 2 EOR Pilot Line 1 Line 2 Seismic lines Line 3 CO 2 injection pad Line 6 Observation well 1 km
Line 1 Phase I Ardley coals Cardium Viking
Line 1 Phase III Ardley coals Cardium Viking
Line 1 Phase III Phase I Ardley coals Cardium Viking
Line 1 Phase III Phase I Ardley coals Cardium Viking
N Line 1 Phase III Phase I Ardley Viking isochron S 6.000 4.000 2.000 Time (ms) 0.000-2.000-4.000-6.000 1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161 181 201 221 241 261 281 Trace
Viking Ardley Δt (Phase II Phase I)
1600 Cardium Formation Viking Formation 1.0 s 1.2 1.4 1.6 Line 3: PP Surface Seismic & VSP 1.8 2.0 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0-200 -400-600 -800-1000 Offset (m)
Timelapse VSP surveys processed data 0.95 1-200 -100 0 100 200-200 -100 0 100 200 Baseline Difference Time (s) 1.05 1.1 Time (s) 0.95 1 1.05-200 Phase II -100 0 100 200-200 -100 0 100 200 Difference 1.1
VSP amplitudes, Viking and Cardium events, Phase II Phase I (Line 2)
Seismic lines, Penn West CO 2 EOR Pilot Line 1 Line 2 Seismic lines Line 3 CO 2 injection pad Line 6 Observation well 1 km
102/10-11 VSP Raw data
Surface seismic and VSP tie Cardium Viking
Offset VSP, migrated image
Phase III Penn West CO 2 EOR Pilot Line 1 Line 2 Line 6
Multicomponent surface seismic and vertical seismic profile (VSP) surface seismic 3C receivers Injector well (VSP) Position 3 (800 m 1025 m) Position 2 (1040 m 1265m) Vp1, Vs1, ρ1 Position 1 (1280 m 1505 m) Vp2, Vp2, Vs2, Vs2, ρ2 ρ2
Line 6 walkaway VSP 1500 1000 500 0 VSP well -500 1st Receiver Gather(798-1025m) 2nd Receiver Gather(1038-1265m) -1000 3rd Receiver Gather(1278-1505m) Wellhead -1500-1500 -1000-500 0 500 1000 1500
Discussion Surface seismic data integrated with local geological model No faults were mapped in pilot area Time-lapse seismic data indicates no leakage above reservoir, but difficult to track CO 2 within reservoir Timelapse VSP data exhibits amplitude change at Cardium event Passive monitoring continuing no significant events recorded, but noise problems exist
Acknowledgements Alberta Energy Research Institute [AERI] Western Economic Diversification [WED] Natural Resources Canada [NRCan] CREWES & Dept staff and students Penn West Petroleum Ltd Veritas DGC Mike Jones (Schlumberger Canada) Landmark Graphics Corporation