Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 1 of 35

TEST NAME:Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO TEST ID:1086907 GRADE:11 Eleventh Grade 12 Twelfth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY:School Assessment Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 1 of 35

Student: Class: Date: 1. Belinda investigated the reaction that occurred when two effervescent tablets were put into a beaker containing 100 ml of water. She observed that the tablets fizzed and released gas bubbles. The tablets dissolved. The temperature of the water went from 22 C to 19 C. Which is the best conclusion for this experiment? A. The energy conversion that occurred in this beaker involved the nuclei of the atoms of the tablets. B. An endothermic reaction occurred because heat energy was absorbed from the water. C. A physical change occurred when the tablets dissolved in the water. D. The gas came from boiling water in the beaker. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 2 of 35

2. The heating curve for methanol is shown below. Based on the graph, how much energy is required to completely evaporate 73 g of methanol? A. 7 kj B. 80 kj C. 700 kj D. 80000 kj 3. A heating curve for 50.0 g of ethanol is shown below. Based on the graph, calculate the heat of fusion for ethanol. A. 67.9 J/g B. 107 J/g C. 367 J/g D. 838 J/g Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 3 of 35

4. The cooling curve for water is shown below. What does the region between Points X and Y represent? A. B. C. D. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 4 of 35

5. The heating curve for an unknown substance is shown below. A scientist drew this curve after heating a substance that was initially solid over a period of time until it completely evaporated. Which point should he label as the boiling point? A. A B. B C. C D. D 6. The graph plots the particle motion in a sample of ethyl alcohol. Which of the following could shift the curve so that it is to the right of the dashed line? A. increase molecular mass B. increase chemical energy C. increase temperature D. increase conductivity Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 5 of 35

7. Which graph illustrates the relationship between the temperature and the average kinetic energy of gas particles? A. B. C. D. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 6 of 35

8. An investigation was conducted using Pure Substance X which was cooled at a constant rate over time. The graph below shows the phase changes of the substance over time as it cools. According to the curve, how long does it take for Pure Substance X to freeze completely? A. 5 minutes B. 10 minutes C. 15 minutes D. 20 minutes 9. The water cycle is an integral part of the natural mechanism for transporting and recycling water on Earth. An important step in this process is evaporation. What energy changes occur when water evaporates? A. Thermal energy causes the water molecules to move faster. B. Potential energy in rain is used to convert liquid water to vapor. C. Mechanical energy in the atmosphere separates water molecules. D. Solar energy breaks down liquid water into hydrogen and oxygen. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 7 of 35

10. An investigation was conducted on a pure substance to determine at what temperatures it underwent phase changes. The graph shows the phase changes of the pure substance as it was heated at a constant rate. The investigator used one of the following substances in this experiment. Substance Melting Point ( C) Boiling Point ( C) 1 20 100 2 40 140 3 70 140 4 80 160 Which of these substances was used in this phase change investigation? A. Substance 1 B. Substance 2 C. Substance 3 D. Substance 4 11. Energy may be gained or lost as matter changes phase. Which cell in the chart depicts a gain in energy? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 8 of 35

12. The diagram shows the changes that occur when an ice cube changes from solid state to steam. What does the constant temperature in Leg 4 indicate in terms of energy loss or gain? A. Heat change cannot be predicted using given data. B. Heat is gained to change the water to steam. C. Heat is gained as the ice melts. D. Heat is lost during this part of the reaction. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 9 of 35

13. A substance is heated at a constant rate, and the temperature is recorded over time. A graph of the data is shown. Which statement best describes why the temperature remains constant during certain time intervals? A. Heat is not distributed evenly throughout the substance. B. Energy is required to change the phase of the substance. C. Electrons in the atoms are set free at certain temperatures. D. Energy levels in the atoms absorb energy in specific amounts. 14. Taylor uses two clear plastic soda bottles, tubing, black paint, a platform, and a heat source to build the setup shown below. Salt water is placed into the black bottle. Water evaporates, rising into the tube, and drips into the clear bottle. Which best explains why salt remains in the black bottle? A. Salt absorbs less energy than water absorbs. B. Water releases its impurities when it is heated. C. Salt has a higher mass than water. D. More energy is required to change salt from a solid to a gas. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 10 of 35

15. Freon is a nontoxic compound used to produce a cooling effect in a refrigerator. Freon transforms from the gaseous to liquid state outside the refrigerator and the reverse process occurs on the inside. How do the changes in physical states produce a cooling effect inside the refrigerator? A. The phase changes require the conservation of electricity. B. The phase changes require the absorption and release of heat. C. The phase changes are caused by ice cooling the inside of the refrigerator. D. The phase changes are caused by higher temperatures outside the refrigerator. 16. The graph illustrates the process of changing ice at 50 C to steam at 150 C. Which segment of the graph represents the largest absorption of energy by the water molecules? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 11 of 35

17. When Yessinia heated water over a flame, the water boiled and produced steam. She continued to heat the water after it started to boil. How is the heat from the flame utilized after the water begins to boil? A. It dissipates to the surrounding air molecules. B. It increases the temperature of the water molecules. C. It increases the temperature of the water vapor molecules. D. It energizes more water molecules to undergo a change of state. 18. The diagram represents the energy in a reaction. Which conclusion about the reaction is best represented by the diagram? A. Energy was destroyed. B. Energy was created. C. Energy was released. D. Energy was absorbed. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 12 of 35

19. An unknown solid substance is heated according to the temperature versus time graph below. While the substance is a liquid, at what temperature do the molecules of the substance have the greatest average kinetic energy? A. 0ºC B. 5ºC C. 40ºC D. 60ºC Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 13 of 35

20. The diagram shows temperatures and phase changes for water as heat is added at a steady rate. Which statement best explains why the temperature remains constant when adding heat to a mixture of water and steam? A. The heat causes the water molecules to decrease in speed. B. The heat is absorbed by water and steam releases it into the air. C. The heat energy is changed into potential thermal energy in the phase change. D. The heat energy is used to break the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen gas. 21. A heating curve for water is shown. What is occurring to the water at the segment of the graph between points C and D? A. melting B. condensing C. absorbing energy D. increasing in temperature Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 14 of 35

22. A student placed a beaker of ice cubes on a hot plate with a thermometer suspended in the beaker. The student heated the beaker for 22 minutes, measuring the temperature every 2 minutes. The graph shows the data collected. According to the graph, what is occurring to the contents of the beaker after Point 3? A. The ice is melting. B. The ice is sublimating. C. The water is boiling. D. The water is condensing. 23. The graph below represents data collected during a laboratory investigation on the phase changes of water. Which can be concluded from the graph? A. From time G to H, heat energy was absorbed. B. From time H to I, the water changed from a gas to a solid. C. From time J to K, heat energy remained the same. D. From time K to L, the water changed from a solid to a liquid. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 15 of 35

24. The graph shows phase changes for a pure substance when heat is added at a constant rate. During which time interval does a phase change occur while energy is absorbed? A. 0 5 minutes B. 10 20 minutes C. 20 35 minutes D. 35 40 minutes 25. The chart shows how materials can change chemically. Original Material Event Change Piece of iron Left outdoors in the rain Rust forms Stack of firewood Used in fireplace Becomes smoke and ashes Copper penny Placed in vinegar Gas bubbles form Why are these changes classified as chemical changes? A. New substances are formed. B. Materials take different shapes. C. Temperature affects the objects. D. Some energy is absorbed. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 16 of 35

26. Specific heat is the ability of a material to absorb heat. Water has a specific heat of 4.18 J/g C. This means that 4.18 Joules of energy is absorbed in raising the temperature of one gram of water 1 C. A student heats a piece of aluminum, copper, glass and iron of the same mass in boiling water for 5 minutes. Each piece is then removed and placed on a block of paraffin wax. Specific Heats of Different Substance (j/g C) Iron 0.45 Glass 0.84 Copper 0.39 Aluminum 0.90 Which substance will melt the most wax? A. aluminum B. copper C. iron D. glass 27. The diagram shows what happens when heat is applied to a gas. Based on the diagram, which property of the gas has changed? A. weight B. volume C. phase D. mass Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 17 of 35

28. A student investigated four different solutions and recorded observations and measurements in the table. Solution Color Degree of Dissolution Conducts Electric Current Heat of Solution A blue green completely dissolved yes endothermic B colorless crystals in beaker yes exothermic C colorless completely dissolved yes exothermic D bright yellow crystals in beaker no exothermic Based on the observations, which solutions appear to be saturated solutions? A. Solution A and Solution C B. Solution A and Solution D C. Solution B and Solution C D. Solution B and Solution D 29. A student investigated four different solutions and recorded observations and measurements in the table. Solution Color Degree of Dissolution Conducts Electric Current Heat of Solution A blue green completely dissolved yes endothermic B colorless crystals in beaker yes exothermic C colorless completely dissolved yes exothermic D bright yellow crystals in beaker no exothermic Based on the observations, which solution contains a solute that is a nonelectrolyte? A. Solution A B. Solution B C. Solution C D. Solution D Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 18 of 35

30. Which chart illustrates the fastest reaction rate? A. B. C. D. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 19 of 35

31. Use the solubility diagram to answer the following question. A student is given an unknown solid in a chemistry lab and makes the following observations. Temperature Amount of Material Added to 100 g Water Observations 10 C 8 g Clear solution 20 C 8 g Some solid undissolved 30 C 8 g Some solid undissolved 40 C 8 g Some solid undissolved Identify the unknown material, given that it is one of the salts shown on the solubility diagram. A. Ce 2(SO 4) 3 B. K2Cr2O7 C. KClO3 D. KCl Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 20 of 35

32. Use the solubility diagram to answer the following question. The temperature of a stream whose water is saturated with dissolved oxygen increases from 15 C to 22 C on a sunny day. How does this affect the concentration of oxygen in the water? A. The oxygen concentration decreases because the solubility of oxygen decreases. B. The concentration of oxygen does not change but the solution is no longer saturated. C. The solubility of oxygen increases but the water remains saturated with oxygen. D. The oxygen concentration is not affected because temperature is not related to saturation. 33. Use the solubility diagram to answer the following question. Which term correctly describes a solution containing 70 g Pb(NO 3) 2/100g H2O at 50 C? A. oversaturated B. saturated C. supersaturated D. unsaturated Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 21 of 35

34. Use the solubility diagram to answer the following question. A student is given an unknown solid in a chemistry lab and makes the following observations. Temperature Amount of Material Added to 100 g Water Observations 40 C 10 g Clear solution 40 C 20 g Clear solution 40 C 30 g 40 C 40 g Some solid undissolved Significant solid undissolved Identify the unknown material, given that it is one of the salts shown on the solubility diagram. A. KClO3 B. K2Cr2O7 C. KCl D. KNO3 Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 22 of 35

35. Use the solubility diagram to answer the following question. Which term correctly describes a solution containing 1.25 millimoles of carbon monoxide per liter of water at 10 C? A. oversaturated B. saturated C. supersaturated D. unsaturated Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 23 of 35

36. Use this solubility graph to answer the question below. Which substances will form an unsaturated solution when a 60 gram sample of the substance is stirred into 100 g of water at 40 C? A. Substance 1 only B. Substance 4 only C. Substances 1 and 4 D. Substances 2 and 3 Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 24 of 35

37. Use the solubility diagram to answer the following question. Which term correctly describes a solution containing 50 g KCl/100g H2O at 60 C? A. subsaturated B. saturated C. supersaturated D. unsaturated Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 25 of 35

38. Use this solubility graph to answer the question below. Which substances will form a saturated solution when a 160 gram sample of the substance is stirred into 100 g of water at 80 C? A. Substance 1 only B. Substance 2 only C. Substances 1 and 2 D. Substances 1, 2, 3, and 4 Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 26 of 35

39. Use the solubility diagram to answer the following question. Which term correctly describes a solution containing 1.54 millimoles of methane per liter of water at 20 C? A. undersaturated B. saturated C. supersaturated D. unsaturated 40. Use the solubility diagram to answer the following question. Which term correctly describes a solution containing 30 g K2CrO 7/100g H2O at 50 C? A. subsaturated B. saturated C. supersaturated D. unsaturated Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 27 of 35

41. The scale below shows the ph values for Solutions W, X, Y, and Z. Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the solutions? A. Solution Z is more acidic than Solution X. B. Solution W is more basic than Solution X. C. Solution X is more acidic than Solution W. D. Solution W is more acidic than Solution Y. 42. A chemist tested the reaction of potassium chlorate and iron (II) sulfate. The independent variable is temperature; all other variables are constant. The results were recorded. Temperature (degrees Kelvin) These results support which conclusion? Reaction Rate (grams per second) 285 1 290 2 295 3 A. An increase in temperature increased the amount of reactant present. B. An increase in temperature increased the catalytic behavior of reactants. C. An increase in temperature increased the rate of collision of reactant molecules. D. An increase in temperature increased the mass of each molecule of reaction product. 43. Quinn conducted an experiment using effervescent tablets. Each tablet was either left whole or divided into smaller pieces. They were then placed in equal amounts of room temperature water. He timed how long it took for the tablets to dissolve and recorded the times in the data table below. What can Quinn conclude from his data? A. Halving the tablet cut the dissolving time in half. B. The smaller the particles, the faster the tablet dissolved. C. The crushed tablet dissolved twice as fast as the quartered tablet. D. The longer the tablet took to dissolve, the smaller the pieces became. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 28 of 35

44. Two gases react chemically when they are mixed. Which graph best illustrates the relationship between their reaction rate and the gas pressure in a chamber holding them? A. B. C. D. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 29 of 35

45. Hydrogen peroxide reacts to produce water and oxygen. Manganese (IV) oxide acts as a catalyst for this reaction. At Point 1, manganese (IV) oxide is added to a sample of hydrogen peroxide which is already reacting. Which change in reaction rate should be expected? A. B. C. D. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 30 of 35

46. The reaction of barium hydroxide and ammonium thiocyanate is endothermic. At Point 1, an increase in environmental temperature occurs in the system in which these two chemicals are reacting. The increase in temperature produces which change in reaction rate? A. B. C. D. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 31 of 35

47. Before World War I, sources of naturally occurring nitrogen rich fertilizers were dwindling. Chemical manufacturers were looking for efficient ways to combine nitrogen from the air with hydrogen to form ammonia. Haber, a German chemist, developed a method of using iron as a catalyst to increase the reaction rate. The graph shows the curve for the reaction without the catalyst. What effect will adding the catalyst have on the shape of the reaction graph? A. 1 will begin lower on the energy axis. B. 2 will be closer to the time axis. C. 3 will shift to the right on the time axis. D. 4 will rise on the energy axis. 48. A researcher studies the rate of chemical reactions at different temperatures. Based on the data, what occurs during this reaction? A. The reaction rate increases as the temperature increases. B. The amount of product increases as the reaction rate increases. C. Mass increases. D. Mass decreases. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 32 of 35

49. A researcher collects data about a reversible reaction between two gases, nitrogen ( ) and hydrogen ( ) in a closed system. The researcher uses the data to graph the relationship between the reaction pressure and the equilibrium concentrations of the gases: Which statement describes the effect of pressure on the reactants and products in this reaction? A. An increase in pressure causes to increase, to increase, and to decrease. B. A decrease in pressure causes to increase, to increase, and to decrease. C. A decrease in pressure causes to decrease, to decrease, and to increase. D. An increase in pressure causes to decrease, to decrease, and to increase. 50. The graph shows two reactions where Reactants W and X yield Products Y and Z. Which statement best describes how Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 are different from each other? A. Reaction 1 requires a catalyst to proceed. B. Reaction 2 releases less energy than Reaction 1. C. Reaction 2 happens in the presence of a catalyst. D. Reaction 2 requires a greater activation energy than Reaction 1. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 33 of 35

51. Activation energy is required to begin a reaction. The graph shows a reaction with two different activation energies. In each reaction, the temperature and concentration of the reactants was the same. Which best explains the reduction in the activation energy for Reaction 2? A. A catalyst was present during Reaction 2. B. The investigation was conducted closer to the heat source. C. Higher quality reactants were used during Reaction 1. D. A different type of glassware was used during Reaction 1. 52. Limestone contains calcium carbonate which is reactive with hydrochloric acid (HCl). The graph shows that large chips of limestone take longer to react with a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid than the small limestone chips do. An investigation was performed with equal masses of different sized chips. Which statement best explains the observations from the investigation? A. Larger chips have more impurities. B. Smaller chips are less concentrated. C. Smaller chips have a larger surface area. D. Larger chips have more calcium carbonate. Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 34 of 35

53. When two solutions are mixed, a color change occurs. The data tables show the time between mixing and the color change for two sets of conditions. For Condition One, the solution concentrations were constant and temperature varied. For Condition Two, the temperature was constant and concentrations varied. Condition One: Concentration Sample Temperature ( C) Time for Color to Change 1 10 36 sec 2 22 14 sec Condition Two: Temperature Sample Concentration % Time for Color to Change 1 100% 15 sec 2 50% 24 sec Which of these statements is true according to the data? A. The reaction rate is greater at 22 C than at 10 C. B. Decreasing the concentration increases the reaction rate. C. Reducing the temperature increases the rate of the reaction. D. The reaction is affected by changes in temperature but not by changes in concentration. 54. What does the line indicated by the letter A in the diagram below refer to? A. an exothermic reaction B. an endothermic reaction C. activation energy of a reaction D. effect of temperature on a reaction Final Review Graphs and Charts TWO Page 35 of 35