EAH 225 / JAH 331/3 - Hydraulics

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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 2 nd. Semester Examination Academic Session 2001/2002 FEBRUARY / MARCH 2002 EAH 225 / JAH 331/3 - Hydraulics Time : 3 hour Instruction to candidates:- 1. Ensure that this paper contains SIX (6) printed pages include appendices. 2. This paper contains SEVEN (7) question. Answer FIVE (5) question only. Marks will be given to the FIRST FIVE (5) question put in order on the answer script and NOT the BEST FIVE (5). 3. All questions carry the same mark. 4. All questions MUST BE answered in Bahasa Malaysia. 5. Write answered question number on the cover sheet of answer script. 2/-

- 2 - [EAH 225/3] 1. (a) Fenomenon daya seretan (F D ) adalah penting dalam proses dalam melibatkan rekabentuk kapal selam, kapal terbang, kapal, dsb Daya seretan di atas suatu jasad tenggelamkan sepenuhnya bergantung di atas diameter jasad (D), had laju (V)nya dan ketumpatan bendalir ( ). Aturkan pemboleh ubah ini dalam analisa tanpa dimensi. ( 5 marks) (b) Daya berukuran 10 N didapati dalam ujikaji model sebuah kapal pada ukuran skala 1: 25 (M:P) dalam suatu takungan air. Berapakah nilai daya yang dijangka atas kapal prototaip? Abaikan kesan kelikatan. ( 5 marks) (c) Cari nilai aliran bagi P1, P2, dan P3 sekiranya Q in adalah 0.02m 3 /s dan = 10-6 m 2 /s. Ciri paip bersiri adalah seperti berikut dan jumlah kehilang kecil ( K) perlu diambil kira. Paip Panjang Diameter Kekasaran (k) K (m) (m) (mm) P1 100 0.05 0.1 10 P2 150 0.075 0.2 3 P3 200 0.085 0.1 2 P1 Q in P2 P3 Figure 1 2. (a) Nyatakan dengan ringkas takrif-takrif berikut : Kehilangan tenaga iaitu kehilangan major (besar) dan kehilangan kecil (minor) dan berikan tiga contoh kehilangan kecil. Hukum Reynolds dan Hukum Frude (b) Sebuah model kapal dibuat di atas skala nisbah 1:15 (M:P). Daya seretan (F D ) akibat gelombang didapat 15 N dan kelajuan adalah 3m/s pada model. Cari nilai daya seretan (F D ) dan halajuan prototaip model. Senaraikan semua andaian yang anda dibuat. 3/-

- 3 - [EAH 225/3] 2. (c) Sistem paip adalah seperti di Rajah 2. Cari nilai turus pam untuk mengalirkan air dari Tangki 1 ke Tangki 2 sekiranya nilai aliran adalah 0.1 m 3 /s..sertakan andaian terhadap kehilangan minor. Paip Panjang (m) Diameter (m) Kekasaran (k) (mm) P1 50 0.2 0.025 P2 100 0.25 0.05 P3 400 0.25 0.05 h P3 Tangki 2 P2 Pam Tangki 1 P1 Figure 2 3. (a) Terangkan persamaan dan perbezaan antara sistem paip (kehilangan turus) dan sistem operasi pam dalam selari dan bersiri. Lakarkan lengkuk ciri pam (turus vs kadar alir) bagi operasi selari dan bersiri (b) Sebuah rumah pam dicadangkan dalam projek tempatan banjir. Sebuah pam berkapasiti 2 m 3 /s mempunyai propeler berdiameter 50 sm untuk meyelesaikan masaalah banjir di kawasan tersebut. Sebuah model pam di makmal mempunyai propeler berdiameter 10 sm yang akan digunapakai untuk tujuan permodelan fizikal. Cari nilai kadar alir yang diperlukan oleh model fizikal tersebut dan nyatakan andaian yang dibuat. (Hukum Frude atau Hukum Reynolds). 4/-

- 4 - [EAH 225/3] 3. (c) Air dipamkan dari tangki 1 ke tangki 2 seperti dalam Rajah 3. Ciri-ciri paip adalah seperti berikut : Garis pusat = 100mm, Panjang 100m, f = 0.025 dan K = 2.5. Ciri-ciri pam adalah H p = 22.9 + 10.7Q 110Q 2 dimana H p adalah dalam m dan Q dalam m 3 /s. Tentukan nilai Q dan Hp untuk situasi berikut : z adalah 10 m z adalah 10 m dan dua pam yang serupa beroperasi secara bersiri B z A Pam Figure 3 4. (a) A lined rectangular channel (n = 0.011) is to be built to convey flows that range from 11 m 3 /s to 230 m 3 /s. If the channel width is 12m, what is the range of slopes for this channel such that the flow will be critical? (14 marks) (b) Estimate the normal depth of flow and velocity for a trapezoidal channel with the following characteristics: A Bed width = 6.1 m Slope = 0.0016 Discharge = 11 m 3 /s Z = 2 ( 6 marks) 5/-

- 5 - [EAH 225/3] 5. (a) A rectangular channel carrying a supercritical stream is to be provided with a hydraulic-jump type of energy dissipator. If it is desired to have an energy loss of 5.0 m in the jump when the inlet froude number is 8.5, determine the flow depths before and after the jump. (b) A rectangular channel (Figure 4) 5 m wide laid to a mild slope conveys a discharge of 8 m 3 /s at a uniform flow depth (y1) of 1.25 m. If the height of the sill (Z) in Figure 4 is 0.2 m, what is the flow depth (y2) at the sill? Figure 4 6. A trapezoidal channel with a bottom width of 1.2 m, side slopes of 3:1, and a longitudinal slope of 0.005 must convey a minimum flow of 0.85 m 3 /s and a flood flow of 4.8 m 3 /s. The channel is to be built in sandy loam (V max = 0.76 m/s, n = 0.02), evaluate the following lining options if supercritical flow is not acceptable: (a) No lining (b) Complete concrete lining (V max = 3 m/s, n = 0.015) (8 marks) (12 marks) 7. The following data refer to a wide river: Flow depth = 2 m Mean velocity = 0.71 m/s Slope = 1 / 12 000 Sediment size = 1 mm Sediment density = 2000 kg/m 3 (a) Calculate the bed load transport rate in kg/s using the following equations: (i) Meyer-Peter-Muller (ii) instein- Brown (b) Check whether there will be suspended load or not. (8 marks) (7 marks) ooo000ooo