Lasius turcicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Rodalia cardinalis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Lasius turcicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Rodalia cardinalis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Lasius turcicus Santschi Ahvazuniv@yahoo.com

Lasius turcicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Slogget et al., 999; Eubanks and Styrsky, 6 Solenopsis invicta Buren Eubanks, Obrycki and Kring, 998 Takizawa and Yasuda, 6; Finlayson et al., 9 Hippodamia Finlayson et al., 9 variegata (Goeze) Sloggett and Coccinella septempunctata L. Cryptolaemus Majerus, Daane et al., 7 Estwood, montrouzieri Mulsant Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) Paknia et Lasius L. turcicusal., 8 Alipanah et al., Gholami et al., Mohammadi et al., Dezhakam and Soleyman-Nejadian, L. Lasius cf platythorax Seifert Formicidae Oliver et al., 8 Bishop and Bristow, ; Finlayson et al., 9 Mgocheki Pekas et al., and Addison, 9 Perfecto and Vandermeer, 6 Margarodidae Iridomyrmex Margarodidae Estwood, Lasius Bolton, L. grandis Forel L. niger L. Cerda et al., 9; Pekas et al., L. turcicus Santschi Bolton, Kiran and Karaman,

Collingwood, 985; Collingwood and Agosti, 996 Rodalia cardinalis Mulsant Crematogaster antaris (Forel) Soleyman- Nejadian and Dezhakam, Polyrhachis simplex Andre Mossadegh et al., C. montrouzieri 8 L. turcicus Gholami et al., L. turcicus Citrus aurantium L. Icerya purchasi L. turcicus Maskell turcicus L.

Lasius turcicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) a N a T h N{ exp[ a( Th Na T )]} N N a T a T h Juliano, ; Allahyari et al., [ a Da ( j)] N Tt Na [ a Da ( j) N [ Th DTh( j)] j D Th D a T h a a+d a a D a D a L. turcicus FP Attack coefficient Handling time dffp LSDSAS Institute, 999 SAS Excel 7 Juliano, SAS Institute, 999 SAS N e N N Rogers, 97

± ± ± ± D Th D a L. turcicus Gholami et al., Hallaji Sani et al., Slogget et al., 999 Intraguild predation df L. turcicus L. turcicus ± ± ± ± D Th D a

Lasius turcicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Takizawa and L. Yasuda, 6 japonicus Finlayson et al., 9 Myrmica rubra L. Coleomegilla H. variegata maculata lengi Timberlake L. turcicus L. turcicus T h Jervis and Kidd, 996 L. turcicus Grasping H. S. invicta variegata Kaplan and Eubanks, ; Eubanks et al., L. turcicus Takizawa and L. Yasuda, 6 japonicus Santschi Aphis craccivora Koch L turcicus Hill and Blackmore, 98 Icerya Componotus maculates (F.) seychellarum Westw. Chilocorus nigritus L. L. turcicus

5 Females L Mean number of nymphs consumed per day ab a a a a ab bc bc bc c c c 6 8 Ant density per leaf ±SE Lasius turcicus Figure. Mean daily feeding of adult females and third instars (L) of Rodalia cardinalis on third instars of Icerya purchasi in the presence of different densities of Lasius turcicus (Hym.; Formicidae). Means with the same letter were not significantly different (LSD; P=.5)

Lasius turcicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Mean number of prey consumed per day without ant (control) 5 5 5 5 5 5 two ants 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mean number of prey consumed per day four ants six ants 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mean number of prey consumed per day eight ants ten ants 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Prey density Prey density Lasius turcicus Figure. Functional response of third instars (solid lines and markers) and females (dashed lines and no fill markers) of Rodalia cardinalis to different densities of third instar of Icerya purchasi in the presence of different densities of Lasius turcicus

Ant Density L. turcicus Table. Parameters estimate from fitting functional response of third instars and adult females of R. cardinalis to searching model in the presence of different densities of L. turcicus Rogers s random Functional response type Attack coefficient (a) ± SE (/h) Handling time (T h ) ± SE (h) Maximum attack rate (T/T h ) Femal L Female L Female L Female L Female L e II II.±.7.9±. 6.8±.5 7.6±..5.6.7 8.58 II II.6±.5.5±. 7.8±.85 7.8±.9...6.66 II II.9±..6±.7 7.±. 6.58±.9..65.8.67 6 II II.±..±.5 8.±. 9.6±.8.85.56.6.5 8 II II.±..±..±.9 6.98±.6.8..6.55 II II.9±.5.±.7.79±..±.7..9.66.7 r ± D Th D a Table. Estimation (mean±se) of D a and D Th values by an equation with indicator variable (equation ) for pairwise comparing functional response parameters of third instars of vedalia beetle in presence of different ant densities Ant density and and and 6 and 8 and and and 6 and 8 and and 6 and 8 and 6 and 8 6 and 8 and Estimate -.5±.6 -.69±.5 -.96±.6 -.8±.55 -.96±.5 -.67±.8 -.88±.6 -.69±.5 -.96±.99 -.5±.6 -.55±.7 -.69±.7.89±.8 -.5±.7 -.±. D a Asymptotic 95% CI Lower Upper -.. -.578.95 -.85 -. -.8.8 -.97.7 -.59.6 -.79. -.7.7 -.889.78 -.9. -.5. -.58. -.6.69 -.56.7 -.69.66 Estimate.88±.88.6±.89.6±.8 5.67±.98.85±.77.87±.56.6±.7 5.578±.9.7±.77.78±.787 5.5±..97±.86.75±.6676.775±.567 -.5±. D Th Asymptotic 95% CI Lower Upper -.59.5 -.58.5 -.77.599.75 8.67.8888 7.878 -.99.787 -.79.59.97 7.988.5 7.58 -.95..885 8.. 7.56.9865 7.56 -.8 7.59-6.6.6

Lasius turcicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ± D Th D a Table. Estimation (mean±se) of D a and D Th values by an equation with indicator variable (equation ) for pairwise comparing functional response parameters of female vedalia beetles in presence of different ant densities Ant density and and and 6 and 8 and and and 6 and 8 and and 6 and 8 and 6 and 8 6 and 8 and Estimate -.7±.58 -.65±.6 -.77±.6 -.865±.8 -.876±.8 -.8±. -.±. -.9±. -.56±.5 -.7±.8 -.±.75 -.±.7 -.95±.5 -.5±.56 -.±.7 D a Asymptotic 95% CI Lower -.7 -.55 -.59 -.79 -.79 -.75 -.795 -.89 -.9 -.8 -.5 -.6 -.9 -.5 -. Upper.5.7 -.9 -.6 -..7 -.66 -.97 -..7 -.7 -.8.597 -.5. Estimate -.87±.56 -.8557±.588.7±.65 -.86±.66 -.787±.986 -.77±.65.85±.556 -.6±.5 -.699±.7.8575±..577±.65 -.966±.75 -.87±.699 -.78±.97 -.97±. D Th Asymptotic 95% CI Lower -.9 -.6 -.8-5.5-8.67 -.57 -.97-5.8-8.6688.55 -.56-8. -7.68 -.87 -.7 Upper.95.7..577.6.6.65.78.78 5.696 5.7.6.67.56 5.8 References Alipanah, H., Kharazi, A. and Moghadassi, P.. Taxonomical study of Formicinae ants in Tehran. Proceedings of th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5-8 September, Isfahan, Iran, pp 5. (in Farsi). Allahyari, H., Fard, P. A. and Nozari, J.. Effects of host on functional response of offspring in two populations of Trissolcus grandis on the sunn pest. Journal of Applied Entomology 8, 9-. Bishop, D. B. and Bristow, C. M.. Effects of the presence of the Allegheny mound ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in providing enemy-free space to myrmecophilous aphid and soft scale populations. Annals of Entomological Society of America 96(): -. Bolton, B.. An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World. Retrived July, from http://www.antcat.org/catalog/897 Cerda, X., Palacios, R. and Retana, J. 9. Ant community structure in citrus orchards in the Mediterranean basin: impoverishment as a consequence of habitat homogeneity. Environmental Entomology 8(): 7-. Collingwood, A. C. 985. Hymenoptera: Family Formicidae of Saudi Arabia-Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 7: -. Collingwood, A. C. and Agosti, D. 996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (Part ). Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 5: -85. Daane, K. M., Sime, K. R., Fallon, J. and Cooper, M.L. 7. Impacts of Argentine ants on mealybugs and their natural enemies in California s coastal vineyards. Ecological Entomology : 58-596.

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Plant Pests Research Vol., No., Impact of Lasius turcicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on efficacy of vedalia beetle, Rodalia cardinalis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in citrus orchards of Mazandaran province A. Afshari *, M. Gholami, Sh. A. Mafi Pashakolaei and Gh. A. Abdollahi Ahi, and. Assistance Professor and Former MSc., Students of Entomology, Plant Protection Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.. Assistance Professor, Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mazandaran Province, Iran Abstract (Received: June, - Accepted: July, ) Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) can interfere with biological control of scale insects through protecting them against natural enemies. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of Lasius turcicus Santschi on feeding and functional response of vedalia beetle, Rodalia cardinalis on sour orange saplings in a citrus orchard in Sari County, northern Iran, during. A --day old third instar (L) or female beetle with a certain number of worker ants (including,,, 6, 8 or ) were confined on a leaf which infested with a certain density of third nymphal instars of Icerya purchasi Maskell (including, 5,, 5,, 5,, 5,, 5 or 5). After hours, the ant and ladybird were removed and the number of consumed scale was counted. The functional responses parameters were estimated using Rogers random predator equation. Results showed that the presence of ant on infested saplings decreased feeding of ladybird on scale. Mean daily feeding of females and third larval instars of ladybird decreased from. to.78 and.89 to.55 scales, respectively, while ant density increased from zero to individuals per leaf. The functional response type was not affected by ant presence and a type II was observed in all treatments. In contrast, the values of functional response parameters were adversely affected by the ant activity. So that, by increasing ant density from zero to individuals per leaf, the attack coefficient (a) of third larval instars of ladybird decreased from. to.9 and of adult females decreased from.95 to.. After such increasing in ant density, handling times for third instars and adult females were increased from 6.8 to.79 and 7.6 to. hours, respectively. Because of adverse effects of this ant on feeding and functional response of R. cardinalis, its presence on citrus trees should be considered in biological control and integrated pest management program of cottony cushion scale in citrus orchards of northern Iran. Key Words: Icerya purchasi, Biological control, Mutualistic ants, Functional response Corresponding author: Ahvazuniv@yahoo.com