Outlin Photosynthesis Photosynthesis 1. An Overview of Photosynthesis & Respiration 2. Autotrophs and producers 3. Electromagnetic Spectrum & light energy 4. Chloroplasts: Structure and Function 5. Photosynthetic pigments 6. Chemical Reactions of Photosynthesis Respiration & Photosynthesis are Related Sunlight C Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Glucose Energy to Drive Metabolism HETEROTROPHS Consumers AUTOTROPHS Producers Harvest sunlight Convert solar energy into chemical energy Examples of autotrophs Plants Algae Cyanobacteria Heat 1
Electromagnetic Spectrum Light Absorption During Photosynthesis Increasing energy Increasing wavelength 0.1 nm 1 nm 10 nm 1000 nm 0.1 cm 1 cm 1 m 100 m Gamma rays X UV rays light Infrared Visible light Radio waves 400 nm 430 nm 500 nm 560 nm 600 nm 650 nm 740 nm Sun W h it e L i g h t Pigments of Photosynthesis Absorption Spectrum of Photosynthetic Pigments Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b & Carotenoids Carotenoid Chlorophylls green Carotenoids orange/yellow Amount of light absorption Chlorophyll b 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm) Chlorophyll a 2
Photosynthesis Occurs in Chloroplasts Photosynthesis Equation Photosynthesis is a redox process C is reduced H 2 O is oxidized Reduction 6 C + 6 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 Oxidation Fig. 10.6b (TEArt) Chloroplast Structure Location of Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide Used & Sugar Produced Granum Water Used & Oxygen Produced 3
Light Harvesting Light- Dependent Reactions Reactions of Photosynthesis H 2 0 Fig. 10.6a (TEArt) Photosynthesis: Light Harvesting by Photosystems Chlorophyll molecules and Carotenoids in light-harvesting protein complex Sun Sugar Building Light Independent Reactions Calvin Cycle ADP C NADP + Carbohydrates membrane Reaction Center Chlorophyll Fig. 10.10 (TEArt) Photosynthesis: Light Harvesting by Photosystems Reaction chlorophyll Electron Acceptor Reduces NADP + Chlorophyll molecules Photosystem 4
Supplies Electrons to PSI Water Splitting & Oxygen Production PSII Reaction Center Supplies Electrons to PSI NADP Supplies Electrons to PSI H+ O O H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ 5
Fig. 10.6b (TEArt) Structure Fig. 10.16b (TEArt) Chemiosomosis & Synthesis in Chloroplasts ADP Q space H+ _ 1 2H H 2 0 + + 2 b 6 -f complex synthase Fig. 10.14 (TEArt) Photosynthesis: Light Harvesting by Photosystems Energy of electrons Reaction P 680 Excited reaction Ferredoxin Fd NADP Plastoquinone reductase Q NADP + + b 6 -f Plastocyanin Reaction complex pc Watersplitting 700 P enzyme 2 1 + O 2 2 NADP reductase Light Reactions Mechanical Analogy provides electrons electron transport chain reduce synthesized Oxygen released e e e b 6 -f complex Figure 7.8B 6
Summary of Light Harvesting Reactions 1. provides electrons for electron transport chains 2. NADP reduced to 3. synthesized by chemiosmosis 4. Oxygen released Sugar Building The Calvin Cycle 1 2 3 C RuBP P 3-phospho glycerate RuBP Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glucose 1. Fixation 2. Reduction 3. Regeneration PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW Importance of Photosynthesis Light C Chloroplast Reactants Photosynthesis Sunlight NADP + membranes Light Reactions ADP + P RUBP CALVIN CYCLE 3-PGA C Glucose Products Figure 7.11 G3P Sugars Cellular respiration Cellulose Starch Other organic compounds Heat Cellular respiration 7