Unit 5.1 ~ Cell Energy: PHOTOSYNTHESIS Objectives/Goals: Classify organisms in how they obtain energy Identify the reactants and products of photosynthesis Understand how ATP is used to provide cells with energy Language Goals: Define: Photosynthesis, Autotroph, Heterotroph, Hydrolysis, Dehydration Synthesis, Pigments, Chlorophyll, Carotenoids At the end of this lesson I will be able to: Compare and contrast Autotrophs and Heterotrophs List the reactants and products of photosynthesis Describe how ATP powers all cells.
How can we classify organisms in how they get energy? Autotrophs Also called: HETEROTROPHS Also called: What process do autotrophs use to make food? How do heterotrophs get their food? What are some examples of autotrophs? What are some examples of heterotrophs?
Energy for Life Two biological processes are needed to create usable energy for organisms Photosynthesis Define: Process that converts sunlight energy into sugar ( ) in plants. Respiration DEFINE: process that converts glucose in sugar into usable energy for cells Which process(es) do autotrophs use and which process(es) do heterotrophs use?
ATP & Energy Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) = energy storage molecule Our Cells use ATP for: ALL LIFE PROCESSES (growth, reproduction, etc) adenine ribose three phosphate groups
ATP HERE IS HOW IT WORKS: HOW DOES ATP POWER OUR CELLS? ATP stores energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups When a bond is broken energy is released The chemical equation for breaking an ATP molecule is:
Chloroplasts: a plant organelle that carries out Photosynthesis Chloroplasts are like: mini solar panels that capture sunlight energy to make glucose! What makes them green? The pigment Chlorophyll What colors of light does chlorophyll reflect? Absorb? What is a pigment? natural substance that gives color to animals and plants Absorb and reflect wavelengths of light We see the reflected color
Pigments What are all the colors of visible light?
Pigments WHAT ARE OTHER PIGMENTS CALLED? Carotenoids: back up pigments ex. Orange, Red, Yellow
Photosynthesis What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? Reactants Products 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + sunlight C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2
The 2 Stages of Photosynthesis 1. Light Reactions Light enters Chlorophyll in Chloroplast and excites electrons H2O is Split into H and O2 ATP & NADPH is made 2. Dark Reactions (light independent) AKA: Calvin Cycle CO2 + H +NADPH and ATP are made into GLUCOSE and more CO2 What is the difference between these two stages? One needs sunlight to happen the other can happen with sunlight or without.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Light Intensity the more light the faster the rate of photosynthesis. CO 2 Concentration the more CO 2, the faster the rate of photosynthesis. Temperature rate of photosynthesis slows down at extremes of hot or cold. NEXT CLASS Respiration & Factors effecting Photo & Resp.
How can we classify organisms in how they get energy? AUTOTROPH HETEROTROPH EUGLENA
Unit 5.2 ~ Cell Energy: Respiration Objectives/Goals: Identify the reactants and products of Respiration Identify the relationship between Photosynthesis and Respiration Identify the factors that effect Photosynthesis and Respiration Language Goals: Define: Respiration, Aerobic Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration, Glycolysis, and Carbon Oxygen Cycle At the end of this lesson I will be able to: List the reactants and products of Respiration Explain how Photosynthesis and Respiration are complimentary processes. Interpret graphs & make predictions how rates of photosynthesis & respiration will change when effected by abiotic factors.
Cellular Respiration Respiration the biochemical process that converts glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) made in photosynthesis into ATP AND Occurs in both: autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Two Types of Respiration AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC Aerobic respiration requires OXYGEN to make ATP energy. The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is: Reactants C 6 H 12 0 6 + 6O 2 Products 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + 36 ATP
Respiration Anaerobic respiration - DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN. Also called FERMENTATION What Products do we get from fermentation? wine cheese bread Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration START with the same process called GLYCOLYSIS
Glycolysis It happens in CYTOPLASM The chemical equation for glycolysis is: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 2ATP 2 Pyruvic acid + 4ATP Means split the sugar Net gain of 2ATP
Aerobic Respiration It happens in the MITOCHONDRIA 1. Pyruvic acid eventually made into H+, CO 2, and ATP. 2. The H+ ions bond to other molecules and end up making 34 more ATP. 3. 2 ATP (Glycolysis) + 34 ATP (aerobic) = 36 TOTAL ATP made in Aerobic Resp.
Anaerobic Respiration Two types: Alcoholic Fermentation & Lactic Acid Fermentation Always happens in the CYTOPLASM. Both processes result in the production of only: 2 ATP MOLECULES. STARTS WITH GLYCOLYSIS
Two types of Anaerobic Respiration Alcoholic Fermentation In (plants/bacteria/fungi) 2 PYRUVIC ACID FROM GLYCOLYSIS Lactic Acid Fermentation In (animals) 2 PYRUVIC ACID FROM GLYCOLYSIS Alcohol and carbon dioxide 2 ATP Lactic Acid & carbon dioxide 2 ATP Cheese, wine, bread Feel the burn!
HOW ARE PHOTOSINTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION RELATED? PHOTOSINTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION ARE: Complimentary Processes the products for one are the reactants for the other! NEXT CLASS Cell Energy REVIEW for QUIZ on notes 5.1 & 5.2
Summary of Cellular Respiration Process Location Reactants Products Glycolysis CYTOPLASM GLUCOSE Pyruvic Acid + 2 ATP Aerobic respiration Mitochondria Pyruvic Acid + Oxygen CO2 + 36 ATP Lactic acid fermentation CYTOPLASM Pyruvic Acid Lactic Acid + 2 atp + CO2 Alcoholic fermentation CYTOPLASM Pyruvic Acid Alcohol + 2ATP + CO2
Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic Respiration
What is ATP and how does it power our cells? Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) = Cells use ATP for: WHAT ORGANELLE MAKES ATP? HOW DOES ENERGY GET RELEASED FROM ATP?
What are the two types of Respiration?
5.1.4 What Factors effect Photosynthesis and Respiration? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Happens in: RESPIRATION Happens in: Where: Where: To Convert Sunlight into: To Break down: To release: To be used in: To Use For:
Carbon/Oxygen Cycle Aerobic Respiration How are these two processes related? Photosynthesis and respiration are complimentary Processes because they both make what the other needs!