PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION
There are two basic patterns by which organisms transform energy. AUTOTROPHIC PATTERN Light energy is transformed to chemical energy that can be used by the cell. AUTOTROPHIC CELLS (cells in which this transformation occurs) HETEROTROPHIC PATTERN Cannot transform light energy can break down organic molecules manufactured by autotrophs HETEROTROPHIC CELLS ( cells that obtain energy by feeding on other organisms)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS According to Pavico-Ferriols et. al (2014) Food-making process in plants According to Capco & Yang (2010) It is a process by which living plant cells combine carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and light energy.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS According to M.. Farabee (2007) The process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respirations converts into ATP, the fuel used by all living things. According to J. Stein Carter, Scilinks (2000) The process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds for sugar.
The vital process of food making in plants is affected or influenced by different factors. LIGHT CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE TEMPERATURE WATER SUPPLY
There are several important functions of photosynthesis. Glucose is supplied to plants. Oxygen is released = carry out process of respiration Helps the heterotrophs in their organic food requirements The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide gas (greenhouse gas) is maintained at a constant level.
Leaves are specialized organs for photosynthesis.
Leaves are specialized organs for photosynthesis. INTERNAL 3 Major Parts (Cross section) a) epidermis b) vein c) mesophyll (Photosynthesis)
Carbon dioxide is normally obtained by plants from the atmosphere through structures known as STOMA. STOMATA (plural form) a Greek word which means HOLE flanked by 2 guard cells where oxygen and carbon dioxide passes
The photosynthetic process can be summarized in a chemical equation. photons SUN 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 ----------> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 glucose
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages or sets of reactions. LIGHT REACTION (PHOTOLYSIS) Occurs in the GRANA of the chloroplast It is a light dependent process Photolysis of water takes place and oxygen is liberated ATP and NADPH is produced and they are used to drive the dark reaction DARK REACTION (CARBON FIXATION) Occurs in the STROMA of the chloroplast This process does NOT require light Photolysis of water does NOT take place. Carbon dioxide is absorbed. Glucose is produced. Reduced NADP is oxidized.
Cellular respiration refers to the complex process by which energy in the form of ATP is released from food molecules. Products of this process are carbon dioxide and water. OVER ALL GOAL: To break down glucose and harvest energy
Cellular respiration can be summarized by this equation.
There are two processes involve in cellular respiration. AEROBIC respiration ANAEROBIC respiration CELLS INVOLVED Most organisms and body cells need oxygen to produce energy and to survive Lactic Acid Production NONE YES Anaerobic metabolism may occur in muscle cells and RBC, as well as some types of bacteria & yeast Glucose molecule/energy produced High (38 ATP molecules) LOW (only 2 ATP molecules)
There are two processes involve in cellular respiration. AEROBIC respiration ANAEROBIC respiration PRODUCTS REACTANTS REACTION SITE IN THE CELL ATP, water and carbon dioxide Oxygen + Glucose (sugar) Cytoplasm, mitochondria ATP, Lactic acid Glucose Cytoplasm
There are two processes involve in cellular respiration. AEROBIC respiration ANAEROBIC respiration STAGES INVOLVED 1) Glycolysis 2) Kreb s cycle 3) Electron Transport Chain 1) Glycolysis 2) Fermentation COMBUSTION Complete Incomplete
Summary of Glycolysis STEP 1: Phosphate groups form 2 ATP molecules are transferred to the glucose molecule. STEP 2: The resulting 6-carbon compound is broken down into 2 3- carbon compounds containing phosphate groups. STEP 3: Two NADH molecules are produced & a phosphate groups is transferred to each 3-carbon compound STEP 4: The 3-carbon compounds are converted into 3-carbon pyruvate, producing four ATP molecules
Summary of the Kreb s cycle STEP 1: Acetyl Co-A combines with a 4-carbon compound to form a 6- carbon compound STEP 2: Carbon dioxide is released from the 6-carbon compound resulting in a 5-carbon compound STEP 3: Another molecule of carbon dioxide is released from the 5-carbon compound to form a 4-carbon compound. STEP 4: The 4-carbon compound is converted into a new 4-carbon compound. STEP 5: The new 4-carbon compound re-enters the cycle.
Electron transport chain
References https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bk_cjd6evcw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvoyxzhhnve