Subject Area Science -- Senior High Course Name AP Biology Date June 7, 2011 Days Content MN Standards and AP Major Themes (T) Addressed Skills/Benchmarks Essential Questions Assessments 6.3 Chemistry of Life *Water *Organic molecules *Free Energy Changes *Enzymes * Cells and cell structures have specific functions that allow an organism to grow, survive and reproduce. T-3 Energy transfer Energy is the ability to do work. In living systems energy is controlled by a variety of physical structures and biochemical reactions. T-5 Relationship of structure to function Form and function affect each other and the ability of an organism to survive. *Recognize that cells are composed primarily of a few elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur), and describe the basic molecular structures and the primary functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. *Recognize that the work of the cell is carried out primarily by proteins, most of which are enzymes, and that protein function depends on the amino acid sequence and the shape it takes as a consequence of the interactions between those amino acids. *Why would a pharmacologist need to know functional group properties before designing a drug? *Why is biochemistry so important to understanding biological processes? *Ch. 3-5 *Enzyme Lab 9 Cells * Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells * Membranes *Subcellular organization * Cell cycle and its regulation * Cells and cell structures have specific functions that allow an organism to grow, survive and reproduce. * Personal and community health can be affected by the environment, body functions and human behavior. T-5 Relationship of structure to function Form and function affect each other and the ability of an organism to survive. T-6 Living organisms must * Describe how viruses, prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells differ in relative size, complexity and general structure. * Explain the function and importance of cell organelles for prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells as related to the basic cell processes of respiration, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and cell reproduction. * Compare and contrast passive transport (including osmosis and facilitated transport) with active transport, such as endocytosis and exocytosis. * Explain the process of mitosis in the * How does the cell fit the criteria that all life maintains homeostatic internal environments? * How do biologists use technology to study microorganisms? *Ch. 6-7 *Ch. 11,12,13&31 Question * Diffusion/Os mosis Lab * Mitosis/Meio sis Lab
have regulation of chemical and behavioral mechanisms. T-8 Science, Technology and Society do not exist in separate spheres. There is positive and negative interaction between them. formation of identical new cells and maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction. * Recognize that a gene mutation in a cell can result in uncontrolled cell division called cancer, and how exposure of cells to certain chemicals and radiation increases mutations and thus increases the chance of cancer. 7 Cellular Energetics * Coupled Reactions * Fermentation and Cellular respiration * Photosynthesis * Matter cycles and energy flows through different levels of organization of living systems and the physical environment, as chemical elements are combined in different ways. T-3 Energy transfer Energy is the ability to do work. In living systems energy is controlled by a variety of physical structures and biochemical reactions. * Use words and equations to differentiate between the processes of photosynthesis and respiration in terms of energy flow, beginning reactants and end products. * What life processes require energy in a living organism? * How do the digestive and respiratory systems function to obtain, transform, and release matter and energy from food? * What type of diet would be best for high endurance athletes? *Ch. 8-9 *Ch. 10 *Respiration Lab *Photosynthesi s Lab T-6 Living organisms must have regulation of chemical and behavioral mechanisms. 7 Heredity *Meiosis and gametogenesis *Eukaryotic chromosomes *Inheritance patterns *Variation within a species is the natural result of new inheritable characteristics occurring from new combinations of existing genes or from mutations of genes in reproductive cells. * Genetic information found in the cell provides information *Use concepts from Mendel s laws of segregation and independent assortment to explain how sorting and recombination (crossing over) of genes during sexual reproduction (meiosis) increases the occurrence of variation in a species. * Use the processes of mitosis and meiosis to explain the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual * How do seed companies create genetic hybrids? * How do genetic counselors use genetic data to recognize, track, and predict genetic disorders? * How can chromosome map data be useful to genetic researchers? *Ch. 14&15 *Fruit Fly Lab *Genetic Disorder Paper
for assembling proteins, which dictate the expression of traits in an individual. * Personal and community health can be affected by the environment, body functions and human behavior. T-4 Continuity and change Organisms tend to maintain a high fidelity in the genetic information that is passed from generation to generation. However, external and internal factors can affect the level of fidelity. reproduction. * In the context of a monohybrid cross, apply the terms phenotype, genotype, allele, homozygous and heterozygous. * Describe how some diseases can sometimes be predicted by genetic testing and how this affects parental and community decisions. T-8 Science, Technology and Society do not exist in separate spheres. There is positive and negative interaction between them. 8 Molecular Genetics *RNA and DNA structure and function *Gene regulation *Mutation *Viral Structure and Replication *Nucleic acid technology and applications * History of DNA science * Genetic information found in the cell provides information for assembling proteins, which dictate the expression of traits in an individual. * Variation within a species is the natural result of new inheritable characteristics occurring from new combinations of existing genes or from mutations of genes in reproductive cells. * Science and engineering * Explain the relationships among DNA, genes and chromosomes. * Describe the process of DNA replication and the role of DNA and RNA in assembling protein molecules. * Explain how mutations like deletions, insertions, rearrangements or substitutions of DNA segments in gametes may have no effect, may harm, or rarely may be beneficial, and can result in genetic variation within a species. * Explain how societal and scientific ethics impact research practices. * How can molecular genetics have a positive affect on society? * How can molecular genetics have a negative affect on society? * What role does mutation play in evolutionary change? * What is a gene? *Ch. 16-19 *DNA Transformation Lab *DNA Fingerprinting Lab * PCR Alu Insertion Lab
operate in the context of society and both influence and are influenced by this context. * Science is a way of knowing about the natural world and is characterized by empirical criteria, logical argument and skeptical review. * Human activity has consequences on living organisms and ecosystems. T-4 Continuity and change Organisms tend to maintain a high fidelity in the genetic information that is passed from generation to generation. However, external and internal factors can affect the level of fidelity. * Identify sources of bias and explain how bias might influence the direction of research and the interpretation of data. * Describe how changes in scientific knowledge generally occur in incremental steps that include and build on earlier knowledge. * Explain how scientific and technological innovations as well as new evidence can challenge portions of, or entire accepted theories and models including, but not limited to: cell theory, atomic theory, theory of evolution, plate tectonic theory, germ theory of disease, and the big bang theory. * Describe how values and constraints affect science and engineering. * Describe the social, economic and ecological risks and benefits of biotechnology in agriculture and medicine. T-8 Science, Technology and Society do not exist in separate spheres. There is positive and negative interaction between them. 7 Evolutionary Biology * Early evolution of life *Evidence for evolution *Mechanisms of evolution * Evolution by natural selection is a scientific explanation for the history and diversity of life on earth. * Science and engineering operate in the context of society and both influence and are influenced by this * Describe how evidence led Darwin to develop the theory of natural selection and common descent to explain evolution. * Use scientific evidence, including the fossil record, homologous structures, and genetic and/or biochemical similarities, to show evolutionary relationships among species. * How do science and religion differ? * Why is evolutionary theory a great model for teaching the nature of science? * What are the differences between origin of life, evolution, and natural *Ch. 22-25 *Hardy- Weinberg Lab
context. T-1 Science as Process Science is a way for us to learn about the things and events in our world. T-2 Evolution Evolution is change over time. It is driven by a number of natural processes. T-4 Continuity and change Organisms tend to maintain a high fidelity in the genetic information that is passed from generation to generation. However, external and internal factors can affect the level of fidelity. * Recognize that artificial selection has led to offspring through successive generations that can be very different in appearance and behavior from their distant ancestors. * Explain why genetic variation within a population is essential for evolution to occur. * Explain how competition for finite resources and the changing environment promotes natural selection on offspring survival, depending on whether the offspring have characteristics that are advantageous or disadvantageous in the new environment. * Explain how genetic variation between two populations of a given species is due, in part, to different selective pressures acting independently on each population and how, over time, these differences can lead to the development of new species. * Describe how scientific investigations and engineering processes require multi-disciplinary contributions and efforts. selection? * How can evolutionary theory be used to explain some of the biological events happening today? * How is biological evolution different from cultural evolution? 7 Diversity of Organisms *Evolutionary patterns *Survey of the diversity of life * Phylogenetic classification * Evolutionary relationships * Evolution by natural selection is a scientific explanation for the history and diversity of life on earth. T-2 Evolution is change over time. It is driven by a number of natural processes. T-1 Science is a way for us to * Use scientific evidence, including the fossil record, homologous structures, and genetic and/or biochemical similarities, to show evolutionary relationships among species. * Why may taxonomic classification schemes change in the future? * How do biologists use classification schemes to show evolutionary relationships and common ancestry? *Ch. 26-30 *Ch. 32-34
learn about the things and events in our world. 29 Structure and Function of Plants and Animals *Reproduction, growth, and development *Structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations * Response to the environment * Organisms use the interaction of cellular processes as well as tissues and organ systems to maintain homeostasis. * Natural and designed systems are made up of components that act within a system and interact with other systems. * Men and women throughout the history of all cultures, including Minnesota American Indian tribes and communities, have been involved in engineering design and scientific inquiry. * Personal and community health can be affected by the environment, body functions and human behavior. T-5 Relationship of structure to function Form and function affect each other and the ability of an organism to survive. T-6 Living organisms must have regulation of chemical and behavioral mechanisms. * Explain how cell processes are influenced by internal and external factors, such as ph and temperature, and how cells and organisms respond to changes in their environment to maintain homeostasis. * Describe how the functions of individual organ systems are integrated to maintain homeostasis in an organism. * Describe how positive and/or negative feedback occur in systems. * Analyze possible careers in science and engineering in terms of education requirements, working practices and rewards * Explain how the body produces antibodies to fight disease and how vaccines assist this process. * Describe how the immune system sometimes attacks some of the body s own cells and how some allergic reactions are caused by the body s immune responses to usually harmless environmental substances. * Explain how environmental factors and personal decisions, such as water quality, air quality and smoking affect personal community health. * Why is regulation and homeostasis a requirement for life? * How does the organization of cells, tissues, and organs determine structure and function in plant and animal systems? * How does structure and function relate to evolution? * What education requirements and work experience would be needed for a science career at a company like Epitopix in Willmar? *Ch. 40-42 *Ch. 43-45 *Ch. 48-50 *Cardiovascula r Lab *Animal Behavior Lab *Transpiration Lab 9 Ecology *Population dynamics *Communities and ecosystems * Natural and designed systems are made up of components that act within a system and interact with other systems. * Describe a system, including specifications of boundaries and subsystems, relationships to other systems, and identification of inputs *Why is global warming an issue we should care about? * What is the current and future human population Ch. 52-54
*Global issues * Human activity has consequences on living organisms and ecosystems. * The interrelationship and interdependence of organisms generate dynamic biological communities in ecosystems. T-7 Interdependence in Nature At some level all biotic and abiotic factors effect each other. T-3 Energy is the ability to do work. In living systems energy is controlled by a variety of physical structures and biochemical reactions. and expected outputs. * Describe the social, economic and ecological risks and benefits of changing a natural ecosystem as a result of human activity. * Describe contributions from diverse cultures, including Minnesota American Indian tribes and communities, to the understanding of interactions among humans and living systems. * Describe factors that affect the carrying capacity of an ecosystem and relate these to population growth. * Explain how ecosystems can change as a result of the introduction of one or more new species. growth trend? What are some of the future global implications to human overpopulation? * What variables determine how environmental policy is written? * What human practices are threatening area lake ecosystems? *Dissolved oxygen lab Content -- big ideas, broad topics, major subcategories and underlying concepts Standards Addressed -- state and/or local standards Skills/Benchmarks -- tells what the student will be able to do as a result of instruction Essential Questions -- what overarching s will guide instruction and produce higher levels of thinking? Assessments -- evidence that the student understands the concepts, demonstration of skills
Labs by Unit Unit Labs Chemistry of life *Catalase -Lab 2 AP manual Cells * Diffusion/Osmosis-Lab 1 in AP manual * Mitosis/Meiosis - Lab 3 in AP manual Cellular energetics * Cell Respiration-Lab 5 in AP manual *Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis-Lab 4 AP manual Heredity *Fruit Fly Genetics- Lab 7 AP manual Molecular Genetics * Bacterial Transformation- Lab 6 AP manual *DNA Fingerprinting- Lab 6 AP manual *PCR ALU insertion Evolutionary Biology * Hardy Weinberg- lab 8 AP manual Diversity of * Classification Activity organisms Structure and Function of Plants and Animals Ecology * Transpiration- Lab 9 AP manual * Cardiovascular- Lab 10 AP manual * Animal Behavior- Lab 11 from AP manual * Dissolved Oxygen- Lab 12 from AP manual AP Biology Course Syllabus Course Overview This is a semester block schedule course equivalent to 1 yr on a traditional 7 period day schedule. Classes meet everyday for 90 minutes. This allows ample class time for the in depth labs performed. There will be approximately 12 labs with additional hands on learning activities provided during the course. At least 25% of class time will be devoted to lab activities. Students will use computer tutorials as prelab activities and also review activities to solidify understanding of course concepts. Other technologies will include the following: computer interface data gathering, computer internet research/presentation projects, digital camera/computer generated lab reports, various lab equipments. I organized my course around the 8 AP biology curricular themes. These are listed in my AP Biology curriculum map. Time spent on various topics is prorated to the priority each topic has on the AP biology test. Students are expected to use the textbook as a resource to complete each unit s list of concepts I will provide. The amount of material is extensive and balancing lab/activities with conceptual knowledge will require student homework. Textbook Used 9 th AP edition of Campbell Biology. 2011. Pearson Benjamin Cummings