AQA GCSE Physics Paper One Revision Test Booklet Name
GCSE Physics P1 /50 Name Conservation and Dissipation of Energy End of Unit Test v1.0 1. Complete the sentences below by adding in the missing words. Choose your answers only from the list below. Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all. kinetic thermal work current waves chemical gravitational force a) When an object is projected upwards it s energy store is transferred to a potential energy store by mechanical. b) When water is boiled in an electric kettle energy in the power station s fuel is transferred to energy in the water. c) When a vehicle slows down its energy is transferred to energy by the mechanical done by the braking. [9] 2. Complete the table System Start Energy Store End Energy Store Crossbow during firing Ball going up in the air Lorry braking 3. The diagram shows five positions of a swinging pendulum. [6] a) Which energy store is at a maximum for position 1? b) What energy transfer is taking place as the pendulum moves from position 3 to 5? to c) What energy transfer is taking place as the pendulum moves from position1 to 3? to [5]
4. The energy transferred in joules when a force moves an object is called the work done and is calculated by multiplying the magnitude of the force in newtons by the distance moved in meters. W=Fs a) Calculate the work done when a trolley is pushed 14 m with a force of 2 N. J [1] b) How far could a rock that takes 150 N to move, be dragged by 1500 J of energy? m [2] 5. The change in gravitational potential energy when an object is lifted or lowered is given by the equation, Ep = m g h On Earth g,the strength of gravity, is 10 N/kg a) Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy when a 4 kg cat jumps up onto a 1.6 m high fence. J [1] b) Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy when a 500 kg car drives up 250 m high hill. J [1] c) How high could a rocket of mass 120 kg reach with 2,000,000 J of energy? 6. The kinetic energy of a moving mass is given by Ek = ½ mv 2 a) Calculate the kinetic energy of a 0.06 kg gerbil running at 2.5 m/s. m [2] J [1] b) Calculate the speed of the same gerbil when it has 0.5 J of kinetic energy. J [2]
7. The elastic potential energy in a spring is given by Ee = ½ ke 2 where k is the spring constant and e the extension of the spring. a) Calculate the energy stored in a spring with a spring constant of 6 N/m that is extended by 0.5 m. J [1] c) Calculate how far the spring would be extended when 12 J of mechanical work are done on it. 8. Calculate the maximum height in cm reached by a 0.025 kg pop-up toy if its spring has a spring constant of 50 N/m and the spring is compressed by 4 cm when the toy is pressed down. Use g = 10 N/kg m [2] cm [4] 9. Calculate the percentage efficiency of an electric kettle that transfers 18 J of heat energy to the water it heats for every 20 J of electrical energy it uses. % Efficiency = 100 Useful Energy Out/Energy In % [1]
10. Suggest two reasons why electric motors are never 100% efficient. and [2] 11. A light bulb with an efficiency of 65% uses 250 J of electrical energy. Calculate how much waste heat energy is given out by the bulb. J [2] 12. Electrical power in watts is just a measure of the rate at which an appliance transfers energy. Energy/J = Power/W Time/s (1 kw =1000 W) a) Calculate the energy used by a 30 W light bulb in 20 s b) Calculate the energy used by a 7 kw electric shower in 3 min J [1] J [2] c) If the 7kW shower is 80% efficient what will be the power transferred to the water? W [1] 13. Calculate the power of a rocket that lifts 2000 kg to a height of 20 km in 25 s g = 10 N/kg W [2] 14. Calculate the power of an 800 kg car that accelerates from 0 m/s to 30 m/s in 5.0 s W [2]
GCSE Physics P2 /55 Name Energy Transfer By Heating End of Unit Test v1.0 1. Mechanical devices with moving parts that rub against each other often transfer energy as heat which is wasted. For example in an electric motor or a car engine and gearbox. a) What name is given to the cause of this energy transfer? [1] b) How is this energy transfer kept to a minimum? [1] 2. Below are some data about thermal insulation used to insulate school roofs. Insulation A B C D Thickness / mm 50 200 250 300 Thermal Conductivity / W/ C m 2 0.25 0.30 0.15 0.25 Density / kg/m 3 15 30 35 40 a) Which insulation is the best conductor? [1] b) Which insulation will have the lowest rate of heat transfer across it? [1] c) Out of A and D, which is made from the better insulating material? [1] d) Which insulation is likely to trap the most air? [1] e) Which insulation would be best if the thickness could not exceed 225mm? [1] 3. An experiment was carried out to test four types of water pipe lagging / insulation; A, B, C and D.A length of insulated copper pipe was filled with hot water at 80 C. The insulated pipe was left to cool for 20 min and the temperature of the water in the pipe recorded. The test was repeated five times for each insulation. The end temperatures for each test are given in the table. A / C B / C C / C D / C 1 64 45 67 54 2 66 44 68 49 3 82 40 69 42 4 66 50 72 55 5 65 47 70 62 mean 65 45 69 52 a) Which result must have been recorded incorrectly? C [1] b) Not including the anomalous result, calculate the mean average for each type of insulation and record it in the table rounding to the nearest 1 C [4] c) Calculate the range for the test results of material D C [1] d) Which insulation would be best for preventing water pipes freezing in winter? [1] e) Which insulation would be best for insulating hot water pipes? [1]
4. Use the words below to complete the sentences. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all. transmit emit shorter absorb black longer emitter radiates hotter reflect All objects, no matter what temperature, and radiation. The the object, the more radiation it will. The cooler the object the the wavelength of the radiation its gives out. A perfect black body is an object that will all of the radiation incident on it. A black body does not or any radiation. A good absorber of radiation is also always a good of radiation. [9] 5. The diagram shows the black body spectra of a filament lamp at a three different voltages. a) Complete the table to match the temperature to the line in the diagram. Voltage / V Temp / C 6 700 9 900 12 1100 Line [2] A B C b) At which temperature is the intensity of the infrared radiation emitted greatest? [1] c) At which temperature is the wavelength of the infrared radiation shortest? [1] d) Add a line on the diagram to show the spectrum that would be produced at 500 C. Label the line 500 C [2] e) Add another line on the diagram to show the spectrum that would be produced at 1500 C. f) Explain in terms of radiation how the temperature of the filament in a filament lamp can: [2] i) remain constant [1] ii) increase [1] iii) decrease [1]
5. Write text for the six labels in the diagram to fully explain how the naturally occurring greenhouse effect results in an average global temperature around 30 C higher than it would otherwise be. e d a f c b a) b) c) d) e) f) [6]
6. Specific heat capacity, symbol c, is a measure of the energy needed to heat up different materials. It is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 C. change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change or E = m c a) Of the materials listed in the table, which will; i) Tend to heat up fastest [1] ii) Store the most energy at 80 C [1] iii) Be best for cooling hot objects [1] Substance c / J/kg C Concrete 850 Steel 390 Copper 385 Water 4200 Oil 2100 b) Calculate the energy needed to heat up 5kg of copper by 12 C J [2] c) An electrical heater was used to supply 81,000 J of energy to a 6.0 kg block of aluminium. Its temperature increased from 22.0 C to 37.0 C Calculate the specific heat capacity of aluminium. J/kg C [3] d) Calculate the temperature rise of 1.2 kg of water in a 90% efficient 2700 W kettle for 30s C [4] 7. One way to reduce the rate of energy transfer by conduction from houses is to fit cavity wall insulation. Complete the table by giving four other ways to reduce the rate of energy transfer from houses by conduction. [4]
GCSE Physics P3 /54 Name Energy Resources End of Unit Test v1.0 1. For each of the Energy Sources write a brief description. Use all the words / phrases listed below in your descriptions. Fossil Fuel Reactor Waste Non-renewable Renewable Uranium Vegetable Oil Rocks Carbon Dioxide Acid Rain Sulfur Methane Radioactive Coal Nuclear Biofuel Natural Gas Geothermal [13] 2. Complete the table to give an advantage and a disadvantage of each Energy Source. Source Advantage Disadvantage Natural Gas Uranium Solar [6]
3. For each of the following descriptions choose from Wind, Wave, Hydroelectric or Tidal. a) Uses a group of turbines called a farm. b) Is affected by short term changes in the weather. c) Often consists of a rocking float. d) Can only operate in coastal areas. and e) Is often placed several miles offshore. f) Requires a large barrage where turbines turn generators. g) Requires mountainous areas. h) Can be used to store energy from other power stations. i) Is not dependent on weather. [10] 4. Describe the operation of a pumped storage power station and explain how it can be used to make solar electricity generation more reliable. Include a labelled diagram. [6] 5. Complete the table to give an advantage and a disadvantage for each Energy Source. Source Advantage Disadvantage Geothermal Wind (Turbine) [4]
6. Solar powered satellites in orbit always have batteries as well as solar panels. Suggest why this is. [2] 7. A solar panel heats the water flowing through it from 15 C to 36 C when water flows through it at a rate of 0.02 kg per second. Calculate the power output of the solar panel. change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change or E = m c Energy = Power x Time or P=Et specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg C W [3] 8. In the UK the average amount of electricity generated is around 30 GW. The UK can generate up to around 48 GW of electricity. Explain why is the extra 18 GW is needed. [3] 9. The table gives some costs for setting up electricity generation. Capital Cost / kw of capacity Running Cost pence / kwh generated gas coal nuclear wind solar 1500 5500 5000 6000 4000 8 10 11 22 19 a) Which energy source is likely to lead to the lowest bills for customers? [1] b) Which energy source will require the highest up front investment? [1] c) Which energy source s real cost is likely to be much higher if the cost of dealing with waste is included? [1] d) What would be the cost of building a 10 MW (10,000 kw) gas fired power station? e) How much generation capacity would a 24 million wind farm have? [2] kw [2]
P4 Electric Circuits Test /58 Name charge flow = current x time potential difference = current x resistance power = potential difference x current power = (current) 2 x resistance energy transferred = power x time energy transferred = charge flow x potential difference 1. Draw the symbols for the following types of resistor. Q = I t V = I R P = V I P = I 2 R E = P t E = Q V Fixed LDR Thermistor Variable 2. In the box below draw a series circuit with a cell and bulb. Add the symbols to show how to connect an ammeter and voltmeter to the circuit. 3. What will be the potential difference across three 1.5 V cells connected in a) series b) parallel 4. A student connected together some 100 resistors. For each of the combinations below give the overall resistance. Write your answer in the space below each diagram. Strictly speaking you don t need to combine resistors in parallel. But it s easy just divide by the number of resistors.
5. If a polypropene rod is rubbed with a cloth it becomes positively charged. Explain why. 6. Complete the sentences below by adding the missing words. An electric is a flow of charge. If one coulomb flows in one the current is said to be one. Potential difference is the transferred to or from each coulomb of as it passes through a component. A measure of how hard it is for charge to flow around a circuit is called the. If a potential difference of 1V produces a of 1A then the is said to be 1. 7. Explain why metals are good conductors of electricity. 8. A current of 6A flows for a time of 3s. Calculate the amount of charge that is transferred. 9. A bulb in a circuit has a potential difference of 12V across it and a current of 3A flowing through it. Calculate its resistance 10. What will be the reading on an ammeter if 12C flows through it in 6s? 11. A bulb from a car headlight has 12V and 5A written on it. Calculate: a) Its resistance b) Its power 12. A bulb from a table lamp has 240 V and 60 W written on it. Calculate: a) Its resistance b) Its power c) How much energy it uses in 1 min
13. The diagram shows two resistors in parallel in a circuit. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct answers from the box. A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 V 1 V 2 V 1 V 2 V 1 V 2 The total current in the circuit is The total potential difference in the circuit is 14. The graph shows how the resistance of a component changes with temperature. a) Give the name of the component. b) Estimate the resistance of the component at 100 C c) Describe the trend shown by the graph. 15. Explain what happens to rod A when rod B is moved towards rod A. Rod B is positively charged.
16. The graphs show how the current through different components changes with potential difference. a) Which graph shows a filament lamp? b) Which graph shows a diode? c) Which graph shows an ohmic conductor? 17. What type of resistor could be used in a circuit to turn on a street light when it gets dark? _ 18. Sketch the electric field around the positively and negatively charged spheres. + - 19. In the circuit to the left a 6 V battery is connected in series to two resistors. The current in the circuit is measured to be 0.6 A. Resistor A has a resistance of 6. a) What is the resistance of B? b) What is the voltage across A? c) What is the voltage across B? d) What is the power of the battery? 20. Resistor B is now replaced with a resistor of 20 a) Calculate the current in the circuit b) Calculate the potential difference across A
P5 Electricity in the Home Test charge flow = current x time potential difference = current x resistance power = potential difference x current power = (current) 2 x resistance energy transferred = power x time energy transferred = charge flow x potential difference Name Q = I t V = I R P = V I P = I 2 R E = P t E = Q V 1 What name is given to the type of current supplied by cells and batteries? What does the letter a stand for in a.c? What is the voltage of mains electricity in the UK? What is the frequency of mains electricity in the UK? What is the colour of the live wire in a UK mains plug? What colour is the neutral wire in a UK mains plug? Which two wires are at 0V in a UK mains plug? Which wire is there only for safety reasons? Which wire is the fuse connected to in a UK mains plug? What name is given to the UK s electricity distribution system? In addition to cables what other electrical devices are used by this system? Transmission cables work at high to reduce energy losses. Transmission cables work at low to reduce energy losses. What type of transformer is used to increase voltages? What is the alternative name of voltage? 2 Describe what will happen if each of the following fuses are fitted to a 10A fan heater. a) 5A b) 13A
3. A 120 V light bulb uses a current of 5 A a) Calculate the resistance of the bulb using the equation R = V/I b) Calculate the power used of the bulb using the equation P=IV W c) Calculate the charge that flows through the bulb in 600 s using the equation Q=It C d) Calculate the energy transferred by the bulb in 600 s using the equation E = Pt J 4. Use the equation P = I 2 R to calculate the power of an electric toaster that has an electrical resistance of 46 and draws a current of 5 A from the mains? W
5. An electric motor has written on its back 10 A and 20 a) Calculate the potential difference used by the motor. V b) Calculate the power of the motor. W c) Calculate the charge that flows through the motor in 10 min. C d) Calculate the energy transferred by the motor in 10 min. J 6. Complete the table. The first one has been done for you. Quantity Unit Symbol Unit in terms of simpler units Current Amp A C/s (coulombs per second) Potential Difference Volt V J/C (joules per coulomb) Watt J/s (joules per second) Resistance Ohm V/A (volts per amp) 7. Calculate how long a 1.2 V battery that can supply 300 J on energy can power a lightbulb with a resistance of 24. s
8 a What is the power of a 12 V, 5 A light? b A 600 W electric heater is connected to a 120 V source. Calculate the current. 9 a What current passes through a 25 V and 1 kw heater? b What resistance does a 12.5 V, 25 W light bulb have? 10 A microwave oven has a power of 1800 W and the potential difference applied from the mains is 230 V. What are its current and resistance? 11 A computer uses 3.5 A at 110 V. What is its resistance in ohms? 12 An oscilloscope (time on the x-axis and p.d. on the y-axis) is connected to the mains supply.
P6 Molecules and Matter Test /50 Name Equations and Data density = mass / volume energy = power x time change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change thermal energy for a change of state = mass x specific latent heat pressure x volume = constant = m / V E = P t E = m c E = m L pv = constant m V P E t m E L m E c p const V Specific heat capacity c ice 2.11 J/ C g Specific heat capacity c water 4.18 J/ C g Specific heat capacity c steam 2.00 J/ C g Latent heat of fusion L water 334 J/g Latent heat of vaporisation L water 2260 J/g 1. Complete the tables by adding the names of the changes of state. [4] solid liquid liquid gas gas liquid liquid solid 2. Calculate the density of a stone block with a mass of 20 kg and a volume of 0.01 m 3 [1] 3. Calculate the volume of 35 kg of gold. The density of gold is 19.3 kg/m 3 [1] 4. Calculate the mass of air in a room measuring 8m x 12m x 4m. The density of air is 1.2 kg/m 3 [2]
Temperature 5. Explain why the three states of a substance can have different densities. Your answer should refer to the particles and how they are arranged in the three different states of matter. Use labelled diagrams to support your explanation. [6] 6. The diagram below shows the apparatus used to monitor the temperature of a liquid as it cools and freezes. Sketch the shape of a graph of temperature against time once the warm water is removed. Indicate on the graph where the liquid is freezing. [2] Time 7. Complete the table below. Give simple descriptions. [3] State Strength of forces between particles Gas Liquid Solid
8. Add the names of two types of internal energy and describe what happens to each for the two processes given in the table. Choose from increases, decreases, and no change. [6] Internal Energy A substance is melting A substance is cooling 9. Calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature of 35 g of water by 25 C [2] 10. Calculate the energy removed by a freezer as it freezes 25 g of water at 0 C forming ice also at 0 C. [2] 11. Calculate the mass of steam produced by a 2700 W boiling kettle in 60 s. [2] 12. Calculate the mass of 0 C ice that could be melted by a 450 W microwave oven in 5 min. [2] 13. A sealed glass bottle of cold air is placed into a large bowl of hot water. Complete the table by ticking the one correct box in each row. [5] The mass of the gas The density of the gas The speed of the molecules of the gas The pressure exerted by the gas The volume of the gas increases stays the same decreases
Kinetic Energy of Molecules Average Speed of Molecules Pressure 14. Add lines to the graphs to show the relationships. Assume that other factors remain constant. [3] Temperature Pressure Temperature 14. a) Use the graph to find the volume of the gas when the pressure is 400 kpa. [1] b) Use the graph to find the pressure of the gas when the volume is 20 cm 3. [1] c) Calculate the value of the Boyle s law constant for this sample of gas. [1] d) Use your answer for the Boyle s law constant to calculate: i the pressure of the gas when its volume is 100 cm 3 [1] ii the volume of the gas when its pressure is 1200 kpa [1] 15. To double the pressure of a gas whose volume is 100 cm 3 what does the volume need to be? [1] 16. The pressure of 25 g of trapped air is 2 10 6 Pa. If the volume is doubled, what is the new pressure? [1] 17. A balloon has a volume of 4000 cm 3 and the pressure is 100 kpa. The air pressure drops to 90 kpa and the temperature stays the same. Calculate the new volume of the balloon. [2]
P7 Radioactivity Test / 70 Name 1. Circle the approximate radius of an atom. 10-6 m 10-8 m 10-10 m 10-12 m 10-14 m 2. Circle the approximate radius of a nucleus. 10-6 m 10-8 m 10-10 m 10-12 m 10-14 m 3. Complete the table by adding the charges choosing from positive, negative or neutral. [2] proton neutron electron alpha particle beta particle atomic nucleus atom 4. Complete the table by adding the correct type of radiation choosing from alpha, beta and gamma. [7] Stopped by paper The most ionizing A helium nucleus A fast moving electron Electromagnetic radiation Stopped by a few cm of flesh Can pass through thin lead sheet [7] 5. Complete the diagram of an atom and use it to explain how the electron arrangement in an atom can change. [4] 6. Draw a labelled diagram to explain how Rutherford s alpha particle scattering experiment led to the the Plumb Pudding atomic model being replaced by the Nuclear model. Include the following labels. Gold Foil Gold Atoms Gold Nucleus Most Alpha Particles A few Alpha Particles [6]
7. Complete the table. Element Symbol Atomic Number Mass Number Protons Neutrons Electrons Li 3 4 Na 23 11 K 19 39 Rb 48 37 8. Complete the nuclear equations below. [4] 13 6 carbon berillium + 4 2 He 14 6 carbon nitrogen + 0-1 e [4] 9. Explain the meaning of the two terms below in the context of radioactive materials. contamination irradiation [2] 10. a) 96 mg of an isotope of rubidium with a half-life of 2 min was produced in a particle accelerator. For each of the times below give the mass of rubidium remaining. time 0 min 2 min 4 min 6 min 8 min mass/mg 96 b) After what time will just 1.5 mg remain? min [2] c) Estimate the amount that will remain after 1 min. mg [2] 11. A sample of carbon-14 from an ancient hominid bone was found to have an activity of 3 counts per hour. The sample would have started with an activity of 192 counts per hour. Given that the half-life of C-14 is 5730 years, calculate the age of the bone. years old [4]
12. Give brief description or labelled diagram of each of the following medical techniques. Gamma Camera and Tracer Beam Radiotherapy Internal Radiotherapy 13. Add the missing word to the following sentences about nuclear fission and fusion. [6] a) In nuclear a large nucleus splits roughly in. b) Large nuclei such as Uranium usually need to absorb a for to occur. c) For a reaction to happen a from one fission reaction sets of another. d) A nuclear explosion occurs when a reaction is uncontrolled. e) Nuclear reactors contain rods that absorb to control the reaction. f) In nuclear small nuclei join together to make larger nuclei. g) In nuclear processes is converted into in the form of radiation. 14. Give examples of sources of background radiation. [12] 1 2 Natural Man-made 15. Write about the issues of being contaminated with the same amount of either a long half-life or short half-life radioactive isotope. [4] Long half-life Short half-life [4]