Look around the room and list several examples of matter. Also list some examples that are not matter.
As a result of what we do in class today, you will be able to: Explain the relationship between matter, atoms and elements Distinguish between elements and compounds Describe molecules and explain how they are formed Differentiate pure substances and mixtures
What is chemistry? Chemistry- The scientific study of the composition, structure and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes It is a way of life!
What is matter? Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space All matter is made from atoms 3 main states of matter Solid, liquid and gas Energy, sound and light are not made up of matter
What is an element? Element- A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. ( Carbon, Oxygen, Gold, Iron, Mercury, Nitrogen, Phosphorus) Abbreviated by 1 or 2 letter symbol: First letter is capitalized! Named after? Planets, people, places In total, 117 elements have been observed as of 2014
What is an atom? Atom- The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. (literal meaning: indivisible) Size: 100 million side by side= 1 cm
(a) 10 most abundant elements in Earth s crust (b) 10 most abundant elements in the human body
Compound- A substance made of atoms of two or more elements bound together in definite proportions. When elements combine to form compounds, they always combine the same way Example: iron (III) oxide (Rust) always has 2 atoms of iron for every 3 atoms of oxygen
Atoms combine to form molecules Like letters combine to form words What is a molecule? Molecule- the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance (smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance!)
When hydrogen and oxygen atoms combine to form water they act as a unit. Molecules can be made up of the same element. Atoms of some elements form molecules. Examples:
Chemical formula: The chemical symbols and numbers indicating atoms contained in basic unit of a substance. Indigo has a chemical formula: C 16 H 10 N 2 0 2 A chemical formulas shows how many atoms of each element are in basic unit of substance. Table sugar: C 12 H 22 O 11
Calculate the total numbers of atoms present. 1) C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 2) C 3 H 8 O
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Atoms are composed of particles called protons, electrons and neutrons. An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements.
Yesterday at the store, I bought pure grape juice. Is this juice actually pure? explain.
Pure Substance- Any matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties. Examples: Mixture- a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Formed from mixing substances What is water?
Can you think of any pure substances? How about mixtures?
Classified by how thoroughly substances mix Heterogeneous mixture- substances that do not mix uniformly, differences i.e. Flour & water, oil & water Homogeneous mixture- evenly distributed the same throughout AKA: Solution i.e. Salt and Water, gasoline
1) Miscible: Describes two or more liquids that are able to dissolve into each other in various proportions. 2) Immiscible: Describes two or more liquids that do not mix into each other. Examples:
Pure Substances Mixtures Element Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous
A. Beef Vegetable Soup B. Sugar dissolved in water C. Oil and Water D. Salt and Pepper E. Concrete F. Ocean Water G. Orange Juice w/pulp
A. Atoms can join together to form. B. Matter has & occupies. C. A pure substance that contains two or more elements is a. D. A is a substance that can not be broken down into a simpler substance. E. Why is sound not considered matter?