Lab Report Sheet. Title. Hypothesis (What I Think Will Happen) Materials (What We Used) Procedure (What We Did)

Appendix 103

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Lab Report Sheet Title Hypothesis (What I Think Will Happen) Materials (What We Used) Procedure (What We Did) Observations and Results (What I Saw and Measured) Worksheet prepared by Elemental Science, All Rights Reserved 105

Small Plant Pictures for Biome Sheets Orchid Fern Peace Lily Shelf Fungus Pampas Grass Moss Verbena Pitcher Plant Ombú 116 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Appendix

Giant Rafflesia Small Plant Pictures for Biome Sheets Dwarf Birch Shrub Crocus Lichens Chestnut Tree Apple Tree Cone Mushroom The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Appendix 117

Joshua Tree Small Plant Pictures for Biome Sheets Barrel Cactus Paddle Cactus Creosote Bush 118 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Appendix

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Glossary 129

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Botany Glossary Adaptation The structural or physical changes in a plant that make it more suited to the environment in which it grows. Angiosperm A plant that reproduces by bearing flowers, fruit, and seeds. A B Biome A community of living things, both plants and animals, which are affected by the climatic conditions of the region in which they are found. Bryophyte A small flowerless green plant, like mosses and liverworts. Bulb An underground stem that contains a food store for the developing plant. Carnivorous Plant A plant that get the nutrients it needs by catching insects and small invertebrates in its traps. C Chlorophyll The green chemical that gives most plants their color; it traps the sun s energy for the plant to use to make food. Cone A type of dry fruit produced by a conifer. Conifer An evergreen tree or shrub that has needles for leaves. Deciduous A plant that sheds its leaves during some part of the year. D E Epiphyte A plant, such as a moss or an orchid, that can sprout and grow on the branches of a tree. Flower The reproductive part of a plant. F Fruit An organ of the plant that contains seeds; it also protects and aids in the dispersal of the seeds. Fungus A living thing that absorbs food from living or dead matter. G Grass A typically short plant with long slender leaves; it can grow in the wild or cultivated on lawns. Gymnosperm A plant that reproduces using cones, such as conifers. H I The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Glossary 131

Leaf The part of the plant that makes the food for the plant. Mold A group of fungi that get the nutrients they need from decomposing organic material. Mushroom The fruiting body of a fungus. N Nut A fruit that has a hard shell which protects a seed that is typically edible. J K L M O P Parasitic Plant A plant that does not make its own food; instead, it gets all the nutrients and minerals it needs from a host plant. Pollination The transfer of pollen from the male part of a plant s flower to the female part. R Root The part of the plant that anchors the plant firmly to the ground and absorbs water and nutrients. S Seed The part of the plant that contains the beginnings of a new plant. Q Spore A microscopic package of cells produced by a fungus or plant; it can grow into a new individual. Succulent A plant that has thick leaves or stems used for storing water; these plants have adapted to survive in dry climates. Symbiosis A mutually beneficial partnership between two living things. T Taiga A forest biome located just below the tundra. Tundra A treeless biome found in the polar regions. U V 132 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Glossary

W Wildflower A flower that grows in the wild. X Y Z The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Glossary 133

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Quizzes 135

Botany Quiz Answers Quiz #1 1. Flowers, spores 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C Quiz #2 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. Pistil, pollen, ovule, seed 5. A 6. C Quiz #3 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A Quiz #4 1. A 2. False 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A Quiz #6 1. Cell wall 2. Nucleus 3. Cell membrane 4. Vacuole 5. Chloroplast 6. Cytoplasm 7. Light, food (or energy) 8. C 9. B Quiz #7 1. B 2. C 3. Pollen, seed 4. Mushroom 5. D 6. A Quiz #8 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C Quiz #5 1. D 2. A,B,D,E 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 136 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes

Botany Quiz #1 Chapters 2 and 3 1. Flowering plants use ( flowers / spores ) to reproduce and non-flowering plants use ( flowers / spores ) to reproduce. 2. The largest rainforest in the worlds can be found in. A. North America B. France C. The Amazon D. None of the above 3. Orchids grow on tree branches rather than on the ground because. A. They want to stay out of reach B. They receive more light C. They are hiding D. None of the above 4. Ferns like to grow in. A. Damp places B. Shady spots C. River banks D. All of the above The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes 137

5. The peace lily is found in the layer of the rainforest. A. Shrub B. Canopy C. Understory D. Floor 6. Fungi are classified as. A. Plants B. Animals C. Neither 138 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes

Botany Quiz #2 Chapters 4 and 5 1. Flowering plants are known as. A. Gymnosperms B. Angiosperms C. Bactosperms D. None of the Above 2. The purpose of petals in a flower, like a rose, is to. A. Protect the flower B. Grow into the seed C. Attract the insects D. None of the above 3. Hedges. A. Are formed when shrubs grow close together B. House animals, birds, and insects C. Often form a barrier for garden plots D. All of the above The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes 139

4. Fill in the blanks using the words from the bank. (Word Bank: ovule, pistil, pollen, seed) In pollination, the pollen from a flower lands on the of the same species of plant. Then, the sprouts a tube down to the, where the pollen and the ovule meet and join to eventually form the. 5. Mosses have to anchor them into the ground. A. Rhizoids B. Roots C. Fingers D. None of the above 6. Peat grows. A. Quickly B. Not at all C. Slowly 140 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes

Botany Quiz #3 Chapters 6 and 7 1. Herbs and grasses are. A. Non-flowering Plants B. Fungi C. Flowering Plants D. None of the above 2. The pampas are grasslands. A. Deciduous B. Temperate C. Tropical D. None of the above 3. Pampas grass can grow to be feet tall. A. 8 to 12 B. 1 to 2 C. 20 to 23 D. 4 to 5 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes 141

4. The seeds of flowering plants can be dispersed by. A. Wind B. Water C. Animals D. All of the above 5. Wildflower seeds are. A. Intentionally planted by humans B. Not intentionally planted 6. The ombú plant resembles a tree, but it is really a. A. Free-standing herb B. Fungi C. Flowering grass D. None of the above 142 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes

Botany Quiz #4 Chapters 8 and 9 1. Carnivorous and parasitic plants are also considered. A. Flowering Plants B. Non-flowering Plants C. Fungi D. None of the above 2. Palm trees are true trees that are typically found in very dry places. A. True B. False 3. Pitcher plants use traps to catch their prey. A. Sticky B. Pitfall C. Snapping D. None of the above The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes 143

4. Parasitic plants get the nutrients they need from. A. The ground B. The water C. A host plant D. All of the above 5. Molds can grow on. A. The forest floor B. Decaying fruit C. Decaying trees D. All of the above 6. The giant rafflesia is visible. A. When it flowers B. All of the time C. Only by using a microscope D. None of the above 144 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes

Botany Quiz #5 Chapters 10 and 11 1. The taiga. A. Is found just below the tundra biome B. Has very cold winters and short summers C. Is prone to wildflowers D. All of the above 2. The dwarf birch shrub is suited to live in the polar regions. Circle the characteristics that make it able to live in these regions. A. The shrub grows in low clumps. B. It has tiny hairs on the stems. C. The stems are soft and full of water. D. The leaves are thick and leathery. E. The roots spread out and anchor together. 3. The purpose of a bulb in a plant is to. A. Give the plant some weight B. Attract insects C. Store food over the winter months D. None of the above The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes 145

4. The tundra has a thin layer of soil over a permanently frozen layer known as the. A. Permafrost B. Rock layer C. No-go zone D. All of the above 5. Lichens are the result of a biological partnership known as. A. Mitosis B. Symbiosis C. Attraction D. None of the above 6. The color of algae can vary. It can be shades of. A. Green B. Red C. Brown D. All of the above 146 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes

Botany Quiz #6 Chapters 12 and 13 Label the Plant Cell parts with the following cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, cytoplasm, nucleus, and vacuole. 1 3 4 2 5 6 7. In photosynthesis plants use from the sun to produce the they need. The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes 147

8. Apple and chestnut trees are both trees. A. Deciduous B. Broadleaf C. All of the above 9. Deciduous trees. A. Remain green throughout the year B. Shed their leaves in a certain season 148 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes

Botany Quiz #7 Chapters 14 and 15 1. Coniferous trees produce to disperse their seeds. A. Flowers B. Cones C. Fleshy fruits D. None of the Above 2. The Sitka spruce gets most of the water it needs from the. A. Ground B. Nearby rivers C. Fog D. None of the Above 3. Male cones produce the ( pollen / seed ). Female cones produce the ( pollen / seed ). 4. A is the fruiting body of a fungus. The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes 149

5. Redwoods are. A. The tallest trees in the world B. Coniferous, evergreen trees C. Intertwined together through their roots D. All of the above 6. Mushrooms are fungi that reproduce through the use of. A. Spores B. Seeds C. Shoots D. None of the above 150 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes

Botany Quiz #8 Chapters 16 and 17 1. The desert has. A. Hot days, cool nights B. Cool days, hot nights 2. The Joshua tree is pollinated by. A. Bees B. Wind C. Yucca moth D. None of the above 3. Barrel cactus are extremely efficient at. A. Growing quickly B. Retaining water C. Producing lots of flowers D. None of the above The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes 151

4. Succulents are plants that. A. Have thick leaves B. Have thick stems C. Are adapted to survive in dry climates D. All of the above 5. The creosote bush have that prevent water loss. A. No adaptations B. A waxy, resin coating C. Lots of thin leaves D. None of the above 6. The paddle cactus have that are shaped like paddles. A. Flowers B. Stems C. Leaves D. None of the above 152 The Sassafras Guide to Botany ~ Quizzes