Lesson Plan : 1st January 2018 to 28 April 2018 (17 Weeks) Name of Assistant Professor: Dr. Mohd Yusuf Class & Section: B. Sc. Sem-II Subject Name and Code: Chemistry (CH 02) Jan 1, 2018 to Jan 6,2018 (Week 1) Jan 1,Monday Jan 2, Tuesday Jan 3, Wednesday Jan 4, Thursday Jan 5, Friday Jan 6, Saturday Jan 8,Monday Jan 9, Tuesday Jan 10, Wednesday Jan 11, Thursday Jan 12, Friday Jan 13, Saturday Hydrogen Bonding Jan 8, 2018 to Jan 13,2018(Week 2) Vander Waals Forces Brief introduction to Metallic Bond Band theory Semiconductors: Introduction, types and applications s-block elements: Overview, Diagonal relationship s-block elements: Hydrides
Jan 14,Monday Jan 15, Tuesday Jan 16, Wednesday Jan 17, Thursday Jan 18, Friday Jan 20, Saturday Jan 22,Monday Jan 23, Tuesday Jan 24, Wednesday Jan 25, Thursday Jan 26, Friday Jan 27, Saturday Jan 29,Monday Jan 30, Tuesday Jan 31, Wednesday Feb 1, Thursday Jan 15, 2018 to Jan 20,2018(Week 3) s-block elements: Solvation and Complexation tendancies including their function in biosystems s-block elements: Solvation and Complexation tendancies including their function in biosystems s-block elements: Noble gases- emphasis on their low chemical reactivity s-block elements: chemistry of xenon s-block elements: structure and bonding of fluorides s-block elements: structure and bonding of oxides & oxyfluorides of xenon Jan 22, 2018 to Jan 27,2018(Week 4) Holiday(Basant Panchmi) p-block elements: Overview of Boron family Holiday(Sir Chhotu Ram Jayanti) p-block elements: Diborane- properties and structure Holiday (Republic Day) p-block elements: Borazene- chemical properties and structure Jan 29, 2018 to Feb 3 2018 (Week 5) p-block elements: Trihalides of Boron, Trends in Lewis acid character structure of aluminium (III) chloride p-block elements: Overview of Carbon family, Catenation p-blo k ele e ts: pπ-dπ o di g, a ides a d fluo o a o s p-block elements: Silicates and silicones-preparations, properties and uses Feb 2, Friday p-block elements: Introduction to Nitrogen family, oxides of N and P- p-block elements: oxyacids- structure and relative acid strengths of oxyacids of N Feb 3, Saturday and P
Feb 5, 2018 to Feb 10,2018 (Week 6) Feb 5,Monday Feb 6, Tuesday Feb 7, Wednesday Feb 8, Thursday Feb 9, Friday Feb 10, Saturday Feb 12,Monday Feb 13, Tuesday Feb 14, Wednesday Feb 15, Thursday Feb 16, Friday Feb 17, Saturday p-block elements: structures of white, red and yellow phosphorus p-block elements: Oxoacids of sulphur- structures and acidic strength p-block elements: Hydrogen peroxide- structure, properties and uses p-block elements: Basic properties of Halogens p-block elements: Interhalogen compunds: Overview and preparations Holiday( Maharashi Dayanand Saraswati Jayanti) Feb 12, 2018 to Feb 17,2018 (Week 7) p-block elements: Interhalogen compunds: Chemical structures (Holiday) Mahashivratri p-block elements: hydro and oxyacids of chlorine- structure and comparison of acid strength Alkenes- Nomenclature, mechanisms of dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides Alkenes- Saytzeff rule, Hofmann elimination, physical properties and relative stabilities of alkenes Chemical reactions of alkenes mechanisms involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radical additions Feb 19,Monday Feb 20, Tuesday Feb 21, Wednesday Feb 22, Thursday Feb 23, Friday Feb 24, Saturday Alkenes: Hydroboration-oxidation, oxymercurationreduction, ozonolysis Alkenes: Hydration, hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO4 Alke es: Ma ko ikoff s ule a d its appli atio s Nomenclature of benzene derivatives, Aromaticity, Huckel's rule Aromatic ions, annulenes up to 10 carbon atoms, Aromatic electrophilic substitution Mechanism of Nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts reaction and halogenation
Feb 26, 2018 to Mar 3,2018 (Week 9) Feb 26,Monday Feb 27, Tuesday Energy profile diagrams, Activating, deactivating substituents and orientation Nomenclature and classification of dienes: isolated, conjugated and cumulated dienes Feb 28, Wednesday Mar 1, Thursday Vacation Mar 2, Friday Mar 3, Saturday Mar 5, 2018 to Mar 10,2018 (Week 10) Mar 5,Monday Mar 6, Tuesday Mar 7, Wednesday Mar 8, Thursday Mar 9, Friday Mar 10, Saturday Mar 12,Monday Mar 13, Tuesday Mar 14, Wednesday Mar 15, Thursday Mar 16, Friday Mar 17, Saturday Structure of butadiene, Chemical reactions 1,2 and 1,4 cycloadditions (Electrophilic & free radical mechanism), Diels-Alder reaction Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes, methods of formation Chemical reactions of alkynes, acidity of alkynes Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions, hydroborationoxidation of alkynes Group discussion Mar 12, 2018 to Mar 17,2018 (Week 11) Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, methods of formation Chemical reactions, Mechanisms and stereochemistry of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides SN2 and SN1 reactions Methods of formation and reactions of aryl halides, The addition-elimination and elimination-addition mechanisms of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions Relative reactivities of alkyl halides vs allyl, vinyl halides Relative reactivities of alkyl halides vs aryl halides
Mar 19, 2018 to Mar 24,2018 (Week 12) Mar 19,Monday Mar 20, Tuesday Mar 21, Wednesday Mar 22, Thursday Mar 23, Friday Mar 24, Saturday Mar 26,Monday Mar 27, Tuesday Mar 28, Wednesday Mar 29, Thursday Mar 30, Friday Mar 31, Saturday April 2,Monday April 3, Tuesday April 4, Wednesday April 5, Thursday April 6, Friday April 7, Saturday Introduction to Electrochemistry Electrolytic conduction, factors affecting electrolytic conduction Specific conductance, molar conductance,equivalent conductance relation among Specific conductance, molar conductance,equivalent conductance and their variation with concentration Group discussion Arrhenius theory of ionization Ost ald s Dilutio La Holiday(Shaheed Diwas) Mar 26, 2018 to Mar 31,2018 (Week 13) Application of Arrhenius and Ostwald theories Holiday (Mahavir Jayanti) De e-hu kel-o sage s e uatio fo st o g ele t ol tes Transport number: Introduction April 2, 2018 to April 7,2018 (Week 14) Determination of transport number by Hittorfs methods Kohla aus h s La Calculation of molar ionic conductance and effect of viscosity temperature & pressure Appli atio of Kohla aus h s La i al ulatio of o du ta e of eak electrolytes at infinite diloution Applications of conductivity measurements: determination of degree of dissociation Determination of Acid strength (Ka) of acids
April 9, 2018 to April 14,2018 (Week 15) April 9,Monday April 10, Tuesday April 11, Wednesday April 12, Thursday April 13, Friday April 14, Saturday April 16,Monday April 17, Tuesday April 18, Wednesday April 19, Thursday April 20, Friday April 21, Saturday April 23,Monday April 24, Tuesday April 25, Wednesday April 26, Thursday April 27, Friday April 28, Saturday Solubility product Determination of solubility product of sparingly soluble salts Titrations: Overview and types Conductometric titrations Holiday (Vaisakhi) Holiday (Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Jayanti) April 16, 2018 to April 21,2018(Week 16) ph: Introduction and significance Relative acid strength (pka) Holiday (Lord Parshu Ram Jayanti) Buffer solution Trends in chemical reactivity using Buffer medium Group teaching and presentation April 23, 2018 to April 28,2018 (Week 17) How to prepare Buffer solutions for specific ph Buffer action Buffer mechanism of buffer action Effect of ion equality Henderson-Hazel equation Group discussion
Lesson Plan : 1st January 2018 to 28 April 2018 (17 Weeks) Name of Assistant Professor: Dr. Mohd Yusuf Class & Section: B. Sc. Sem-IV Subject Name and Code: Chemistry (CH 04) Jan 1, 2018 to Jan 6,2018 (Week 1) Jan 1,Monday Jan 2, Tuesday Jan 3, Wednesday Jan 4, Thursday Jan 5, Friday Jan 6, Saturday Jan 8,Monday Jan 9, Tuesday Jan 10, Wednesday Jan 11, Thursday Jan 12, Friday Jan 13, Saturday Lanthanides: Occurance and electronic structure Jan 8, 2018 to Jan 13,2018(Week 2) Lanthanides: oxidation states and ionic radii Lanthanides: lanthanide contraction and complex formation Lanthanides: complex formation Lanthanide compunds I Lanthanide compunds II Lanthanide compunds III
Jan 15, 2018 to Jan 20,2018(Week 3) Jan 14,Monday Jan 15, Tuesday Jan 16, Wednesday Jan 17, Thursday Jan 18, Friday Jan 20, Saturday Jan 22,Monday Jan 23, Tuesday Jan 24, Wednesday Jan 25, Thursday Jan 26, Friday Jan 27, Saturday General features of Actinides Actinides: Occurance and electronic structure Chemistry of separation of Np from U Chemistry of separation of Pu from U Chemistry of separation of Am from U Group discussion Jan 22, 2018 to Jan 27,2018(Week 4) Holiday(Basant Panchmi) Introduction to acidic radicals Holiday(Sir Chhotu Ram Jayanti) Chemitry and analysis of acidic radicals: Group I Holiday (Republic Day) Chemitry and analysis of acidic radicals: Group II Jan 29, 2018 to Feb 3 2018 (Week 5) Jan 29,Monday Jan 30, Tuesday Jan 31, Wednesday Feb 1, Thursday Feb 2, Friday Feb 3, Saturday Chemitry and analysis of acidic radicals: Group III Individual groups Chemistry of interference of acid radicals Presentation of qualitative analysis of acid radicals Chemistry of identification of acid radicals in typical combinations Applications of analyzing acidic radicals in chemistry
Feb 5, 2018 to Feb 10,2018 (Week 6) Feb 5,Monday Feb 6, Tuesday Feb 7, Wednesday Feb 8, Thursday Feb 9, Friday Feb 10, Saturday Feb 12,Monday Feb 13, Tuesday Feb 14, Wednesday Feb 15, Thursday Feb 16, Friday Feb 17, Saturday Introduction to basic radicals Classification of basic radicals Systematic analysis of basic radicals: Overview Analysis and chemistry of Group I basic radicals Analysis and chemistry of Group II basic radicals Holiday( Maharashi Dayanand Saraswati Jayanti) Feb 12, 2018 to Feb 17,2018 (Week 7) Analysis and chemistry of Group III and IV basic radicals (Holiday) Mahashivratri Analysis and chemistry of Group V and VI basic radicals Theory of precipitation, co-precipitation, Post-precipitation Methods of purification of precipitates Molecular vibrations, Hooke's law, selection rules Feb 19,Monday Feb 20, Tuesday Feb 21, Wednesday Feb 22, Thursday Feb 23, Friday Feb 24, Saturday Intensity and position of IR bands, measurement of IR spectrum, fingerprint region Characteristic absorptions of various functional groups and interpretation of IR spectra of simple organic compounds Characteristic absorptions of various functional groups and interpretation of IR spectra of simple organic compounds Characteristic absorptions of various functional groups and interpretation of IR spectra of simple organic compounds Applications of IR spectroscopy in structure elucidation of simple organic compounds. Applications of IR spectroscopy in structure elucidation of simple organic compounds.
Feb 26,Monday Feb 27, Tuesday Feb 26, 2018 to Mar 3,2018 (Week 9) Structure and nomenclature of amines, physical properties, Separation of a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines Structural features affecting basicity of amines. Preparation of alkyl and aryl amines Feb 28, Wednesday Mar 1, Thursday Vacation Mar 2, Friday Mar 3, Saturday Mar 5, 2018 to Mar 10,2018 (Week 10) Mar 5,Monday Mar 6, Tuesday Mar 7, Wednesday Mar 8, Thursday Mar 9, Friday Mar 10, Saturday Mar 12,Monday Gabrielphthalimide reaction, Hofmann bromamide reaction Electrophilic aromatic substitution in aryl amines, reactions of amines with nitrous acid Mechanism of diazotisation, structure of benzene diazonium chloride, Replacement of diazo group by H, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, NO2 and CN groups Reduction of diazonium salts to hyrazines, coupling reaction and its synthetic application Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions, hydroborationoxidation of alkynes Preparation of nitro alkanes and nitro arenes an d their chemical reactions Mar 12, 2018 to Mar 17,2018 (Week 11) Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions in nitro arenes and their reductions Mar 13, Tuesday Mar 14, Wednesday Mar 15, Thursday Mar 16, Friday Mar 17, Saturday Nomenclature and structure of the carbonyl group, Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones with particular reference to the synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides advantage of oxidation of alcohols with chromium trioxide (Sarett reagent) pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) and pyridinium dichromate Comparison of reactivities of aldehydes and ketones, Mechanism of nucleophilic additions to carbonyl group with particular emphasis on benzoin, aldol, Perkin and Knoevenagel condensations Condensation with ammonia and its derivatives, Wittig reaction, Mannich reaction O idatio of aldeh des, Bae e Villige o idatio of keto es, Ca izza o ea tio. MPV, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAlH4 and NaBH4 reductions
Mar 19, 2018 to Mar 24,2018 (Week 12) Mar 19,Monday Mar 20, Tuesday Mar 21, Wednesday Mar 22, Thursday Mar 23, Friday Second law of thermodynamics Significance of II law of thermodynamics Ca ot s les a d its effi ie Ca ot s theo Holiday(Shaheed Diwas) Mar 24, Saturday Concept of entropy, entropy as a state function Mar 26, 2018 to Mar 31,2018 (Week 13) Mar 26,Monday Mar 27, Tuesday Mar 28, Wednesday Mar 29, Thursday Mar 30, Friday Mar 31, Saturday April 2,Monday April 3, Tuesday April 4, Wednesday April 5, Thursday April 6, Friday April 7, Saturday Entropy as a function of V & T Entropy as a function of P & T, entropy change in physical change Entropy as a criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium Holiday (Mahavir Jayanti) Entropy change in ideal gases and mixing of gases Introduction to third law of thermodynamics April 2, 2018 to April 7,2018 (Week 14) Nernst heat theorem, statement of concept of residual entropys Evaluation of absolute entropy from heat capacity data Gibbs and Helmholtz functions; Gibbs function (G) and Helmholtz function (A) as thermodynamic quantities Derivation of Gibbs-Helmholtz equation Applications of conductivity measurements: determination of degree of dissociation A & G as criteria for thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity, their advantage over entropy chang
April 9, 2018 to April 14,2018 (Week 15) April 9,Monday April 10, Tuesday April 11, Wednesday April 12, Thursday April 13, Friday April 14, Saturday April 16,Monday April 17, Tuesday April 18, Wednesday April 19, Thursday April 20, Friday April 21, Saturday April 23,Monday April 24, Tuesday April 25, Wednesday April 26, Thursday April 27, Friday April 28, Saturday Variation of G and A with P, V and T Electrolytic and Galvanic cells- reversible & Irreversible cells, Conventional representation of electrochemical cells EMF of cell and its measurement, Wes ton standard cell, activity and activity coefficients Calculation of thermodynamic quantities of cell reaction Holiday (Vaisakhi) Holiday (Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Jayanti) April 16, 2018 to April 21,2018(Week 16) T pes of e e si le ele t odes etal- etal io gas ele t ode, etal-i solu le salt-anion and redox electrodes Derivation of electrode reactions, Nernst equations Holiday (Lord Parshu Ram Jayanti) Derivation of cell EMF and single electrode potential Standard Hydrogen electrode, reference electrodes, standard electrodes potential, sign conventions Electro chemical series and its applications April 23, 2018 to April 28,2018 (Week 17) Concentration cells with and without transference Liquid junction potential, application of EMF measurement using valency of ions, solubility product activity Potentiometric titration (acid-base and redox) Determination of ph using Hydrogen electrode by potentiometric methods Determination of ph using quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode by potentiometric Group discussion
Lesson Plan : 1st January 2018 to 28 April 2018 (17 Weeks) Name of Assistant Professor: Dr. Mohd Yusuf Class & Section: B. Sc. Sem-VI Subject Name and Code: Chemistry (CH 06) Jan 1, 2018 to Jan 6,2018 (Week 1) Jan 1,Monday Jan 2, Tuesday Jan 3, Wednesday Jan 4, Thursday Jan 5, Friday Jan 6, Saturday Jan 8,Monday Jan 9, Tuesday Jan 10, Wednesday Jan 11, Thursday Jan 12, Friday Jan 13, Saturday Lanthanides: Occurance and electronic structure Jan 8, 2018 to Jan 13,2018(Week 2) Definition, nomenclature and classification of organometallic compounds Preparation, properties, and bonding of alkyls of Li and Al Preparation, properties, and bonding of alkyls of Hg and Sn Chemistry of metal-ethylenic complexes Mononuclear carbonyls and the nature of bonding in metal carbonyls Some typical metal carbonyls
Jan 14,Monday Jan 15, Tuesday Jan 16, Wednesday Jan 17, Thursday Jan 18, Friday Jan 20, Saturday Jan 22,Monday Jan 23, Tuesday Jan 24, Wednesday Jan 25, Thursday Jan 26, Friday Jan 27, Saturday Jan 29,Monday Jan 30, Tuesday Jan 31, Wednesday Feb 1, Thursday Feb 2, Friday Feb 3, Saturday A he ius, B o sted Lo, the Lu Flood, Sol e t s ste a d Le is o epts of acids & bases Relative strength of acids & base Concept of Hard and Soft Acids & Bases Symbiosis Electronegativity and hardness and softness Group discussion Holiday(Basant Panchmi) Essential and trace elements in biological processes Metalloporphyrin: Haemoglobin Metalloporphyrin: Myoglobin Holiday(Sir Chhotu Ram Jayanti) Holiday (Republic Day) Jan 29, 2018 to Feb 3 2018 (Week 5) Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions with special reference to Calcium ions Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen fixation Jan 15, 2018 to Jan 20,2018(Week 3) Jan 22, 2018 to Jan 27,2018(Week 4) Introduction to Silicones Slicones: preparation, properties,structure and uses Introduction to phosphazenes
Feb 5, 2018 to Feb 10,2018 (Week 6) Feb 5,Monday Feb 6, Tuesday Feb 7, Wednesday Feb 8, Thursday Feb 9, Friday Feb 10, Saturday Feb 12,Monday Feb 13, Tuesday Feb 14, Wednesday Feb 15, Thursday Feb 16, Friday Feb 17, Saturday Phosphazenes: preparation, properties,structure and uses Classification of basic radicals Group discussion Introduction to heterocyclic chemistry Molecular orbital picture and aromatic characteristics of pyrrole and furan Holiday( Maharashi Dayanand Saraswati Jayanti) Feb 12, 2018 to Feb 17,2018 (Week 7) Molecular orbital picture and aromatic characteristics of thiophene and pyridine (Holiday) Mahashivratri Methods of synthesis and chemical reactions of pyrrole and furan Methods of synthesis and chemical reactions of thiophene and pyridine Comparison of basicity of pyridine, piperidine and pyrrole Condensed five and six-membered heterocycles Feb 19,Monday Feb 20, Tuesday Feb 21, Wednesday Feb 22, Thursday Feb 23, Friday Feb 24, Saturday Prepration and reactions of indole Prepration and reactions of quinoline and isoquinoline Fisher indole synthesis Skraup synthesis Bischler-Napieralski synthesis Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions of, quinoline and isoquinoline
Feb 26, 2018 to Mar 3,2018 (Week 9) Feb 26,Monday Feb 27, Tuesday Nomenclature and structural features of organo-sulphur compounds Methods of formation and chemical reactions of thiols and thioethers Feb 28, Wednesday Mar 1, Thursday Vacation Mar 2, Friday Mar 3, Saturday Mar 5,Monday Mar 6, Tuesday Mar 7, Wednesday Mar 8, Thursday Mar 9, Friday Mar 10, Saturday Mar 12,Monday Mar 13, Tuesday Mar 14, Wednesday Mar 15, Thursday Mar 16, Friday Mar 17, Saturday Mar 5, 2018 to Mar 10,2018 (Week 10) Methods of formation and chemical reactions of sulphonic acids, sulphonamides and sulphaguanidine Synthetic detergents alkyl and aryl sulphonates Acidity of alpha-hydrogens, alkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate Synthesis of ethyl acetoacetate: Claisen condensation, Keto-enol tautomerism of ethyl acetoacetate Addition or chain-growth polymerization Free radical vinyl polymerization, ionic vinyl polymerization, Ziegler-Natta polymerization and vinyl polymers Mar 12, 2018 to Mar 17,2018 (Week 11) Condensation or step growth polymerization, Polyesters, polyamides, phenol formaldehyde resins Urea formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins and polyurethanes, Natural and synthetic rubbers Classification, of amino acids, Acid-base behavior, isoelectric point and electrophoresis Preparation of amino acids, structure and nomenclature of peptides and proteins, Classification of proteins Peptide structure determination, end group analysis, selective hydrolysis of peptides, Classical peptide synthesis Solid-phase peptide synthesis, Structures of peptides and proteins: Primary & Secondary structure
Mar 19,Monday Mar 20, Tuesday Mar 21, Wednesday Mar 22, Thursday Mar 23, Friday Mar 24, Saturday Mar 26,Monday Mar 27, Tuesday Mar 28, Wednesday Mar 29, Thursday Mar 30, Friday Mar 31, Saturday April 2,Monday April 3, Tuesday April 4, Wednesday April 5, Thursday April 6, Friday April 7, Saturday Mar 19, 2018 to Mar 24,2018 (Week 12) Electronic Spectrum Concept of potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals Qualitative description of selection rules and Franck-Condon principle Qualitative description of sigma and pie and n molecular orbital (MO) their energy level and respective transitions Holiday(Shaheed Diwas) Qualitative description of sigma and pie and n molecular orbital (MO) their energy level and respective transitions Mar 26, 2018 to Mar 31,2018 (Week 13) Interaction of radiation with matter, difference between thermal and photochemical processes Laws of photochemistry: Grotthus-Drapper law Laws of photochemistry: Stark-Einstein law (law of photochemical equivalence) Holiday (Mahavir Jayanti) Jablonski diagram depiciting various processes occurring in the excited state, qualitative description of fluorescence Phosphorescence, non-radiative processes Quantum yield April 2, 2018 to April 7,2018 (Week 14) Photosensitized reactions-energy transfer processes Ideal and non-ideal solutions, methods of expressing concentrations of solutions Activity and activity coefficient, Dilute solution Colligati e p ope ties, Raolut s la Relative lowering of vapour pressure
April 9, 2018 to April 14,2018 (Week 15) April 9,Monday April 10, Tuesday April 11, Wednesday Elevation of boiling point Molelcular weight determination Osmosis law of osmotic pressure and its measurement, determination of molecular weight from osmotic pressure April 12, Thursday April 13, Friday Elevation of boiling point Holiday (Vaisakhi) April 14, Saturday April 16,Monday April 17, Tuesday April 18, Wednesday April 19, Thursday April 20, Friday April 21, Saturday April 23,Monday April 24, Tuesday April 25, Wednesday April 26, Thursday April 27, Friday April 28, Saturday Holiday (Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Jayanti) April 16, 2018 to April 21,2018(Week 16) Depression of freezing point Thermodynamic derivation of relation between molecular weight and elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point Holiday (Lord Parshu Ram Jayanti) Experimental methods for determining various colligative properties Abnormal molar mass Degree of dissociation and association of solutes April 23, 2018 to April 28,2018 (Week 17) Phase equilibrium-concepts, phase component and degree of freedom Thermodynamic derivation of Gibbs phase rule Phase equilibria of one component system, water and Sulpher systems Phase equilibria of two component systems solid-liquid equilibria Simple eutectic example Pb-Ag system Desilerisation of lead