Earth Science final exam study guide (Semester 2) Chapter 22: astronomy, sun-earth-moon system Define the following vocabulary and answer the questions that follow Earth-Sun-Moon 1. Define nebula: 2. Identify the age of our solar system: 3) What is happening between Steps A and B? 4) From B to D? 5) From D to E? 6) Why do we have seasons? 7) What causes day and night on Earth? 8) Define revolution. 9) When is Earth closest to the Sun? Farthest? All About the Moon 10) How was the moon theorized to have been formed? 11) How are craters formed on the moon? 12) Describe all features of the moon and its surface. 13) Why does the same side of the moon always face the Earth? 14) Contrast the moon s gravity to Earth s gravity. Phases of the Moon 15) Waxing means. 16) Waning means. 17) Name that moon a. The moon lies between the sun and Earth, none of the bright side faces Earth. b. Only a sliver of the bright side can be seen from Earth. c. The bright side of the moon seen from Earth appears to be half of the moon. d. The moon appears to be getting brighter each night and is less than half full. 18) Label a Lunar Eclipse and a Solar Eclipse using the figure below.
Chapter 23: Touring our solar system 19) List the correct order of the planets in our solar system Planets 20) List the planets from smallest to biggest. 21) What causes the planets to revolve around the sun? 22) Describe the planet Venus: 23) Describe the planet Mars: 24) Describe the planet Jupiter: 25) Uranus: What probably caused its axis to be on its side? 26) Pluto: Why is Pluto no longer considered a planet anymore? Chapter 24: Structure of the sun 27) Identify the composition of the Sun. 28) Describe the Sun. 29) List the layers of the Sun from inside out. 30) : the layer that radiates most of the light we can see 31) : cloudlike structure consisting of gases, sometimes rising explosively from the sun s surface. 32) Explain sun spots. THE ACTIVE sun 33) Define Prominence. 34) THE SUN CREATES ITS ENERGY THROUGH!!!! a. Describe what is occurring. 35) Nuclear fusion within a star does not succeed in blowing the star apart because:
Chapter 25: beyond our solar system Comets, Meteors, and Meteorites 36) Describe a comet s tail. 37) Contrast meteors, meteorites, and meteoroids. Properties of Stars 38) A star is born when begins. 39) The largest stars die in a massive explosion called 40) What are the next life stages for our Sun? 41) What types of stars become black holes? 42) A star s color is an indication of its. 43) HOT Stars are what color? 44) What is the percent of the universe s stars are in main sequence? 45) What type of star has an absolute magnitude of +5 and a temp of 6000 degrees K? 46) Which stars are the coolest in temperature? 47) Which is star is hotter, supergiant or white dwarf? 48) What is the temperature of a white dwarf that has an apparent magnitude of +11? 49) Define the Big Bang Theory. 50) What evidence supports the Big Bang?
ch. 17: the atmosphere 1. What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? <Ps. It s not Oxygen> 2. Which of the following terms best describes air? o Element o Compound o Mixture 3. What is the most important gas for understanding WEATHER??? Height and Structure of the Atmosphere 4. What is the ozone? a. Where is it located in the atmosphere? 5. If you climb a mountain, what happens to the temperature as you climb? 6. June 21 is referred to as the. 7. Days and nights are equal in length everywhere on Earth during. Layers of the Atmosphere: Pg 480 8. Label the layers of earth s atmosphere 9. Which layer is the lowest? 10.Which layer contains weather? 11.Which layer contains ozone? 12.Meteors are visible in which layer? 13. Fill in the percentages below.
Temperature Controls 14. Contrast land heating to water heating. 15. Contrast temperatures for low and high altitudes. 16. What does cloud cover do to the day and night temperatures? Leeward and Windward Coasts 17. Compare/Contrast the two city s temperatures. 18. City B has winters and summers. chapter 18: Clouds, moisture, and precipitation 19. Condensation is to Energy Released or Absorbed? 20. Evaporation is to Energy Released or Absorbed? 21. Sublimation is to Energy Released or Absorbed? 22. Deposition is to Energy Released or Absorbed? 23. Fill in the meaning of each root word Alto: Cirro: Nimbo: Stratus: Cumulus: Cirrus: Chapter 19: air pressure and wind Use the following vocabulary and match them with the answer 24. Air Pressure A. Name associated with a center of low pressure 25. Cyclones B. Line on a map indicating equal air pressure along it 26. Anticyclones C. Instrument for measuring air pressure 27. Wind D. Force exerted by air above 28. Barometer E. Line on a map indicating equal temperature along it 29. Isobar F. Name associated with a center of high pressure 30. Isotherm G. Variations in air pressure from place to place
31. Fill in Blanks: High Pressure vs. Low Pressure Pressure High Low Weather (Good/Bad) Movement of Air (Rising or Sinking) Official Name (Cyclone/Anti-cyclone) Direction of Movement (Draw with arrows) Air moves Inward (toward the system) or Outward (away from)? Air Pressure 32. Explain air pressure. 33. The ultimate energy source for most wind is the. 34. The Coriolis Effect influences Wind Direction or Wind Speed? (circle your answer) 35. What are the lines on this map called? 36. Lines are closest together in which state? 37. What do close lines indicate about air pressure? **You may use one answer more than once or even not at all 38. High-altitude, high-velocity winds A. Low Pressure System 39. Steep air pressure gradient causes this B. High Pressure System 40. Mountain and valley breezes are example of C. Jet Streams 41. Precipitation is associated with this type of system D. Local Winds 42. Fast moving rivers of air that travel West to East in US E. Stable Winds 43. This system produces air that sinks F. Strong Winds 44. This system rotates counter-clockwise
Chapter 20: Weather Patterns and Severe Storms Classifying Air Masses A. B. C. D. E. F. G. 45. Define Maritime = 46. Define Continental = 47. Define Polar = 48. Define Tropical = 49. Identify each air mass 50. Weather in North America (east of the Rocky Mountains is most affected by which two air masses? 51. What is the name of a boundary that separates two air masses? 52. Fill in the blanks Warm Front air moves into an area of cooler air Shown as a line with Intensity of Rain? Cold Front air moves into an area of warmer air Shown as a line with Intensity of Rain?
53. What are middle-latitude cyclones? a. fast-moving cold fronts b. heavy snowstorms that form on the leeward sides of lakes c. low-pressure systems that cause stormy weather d. warm air masses that move across the middle of the United States 54. Tornadoes are most frequent from. 55. Tornadoes are classified according to intensity using the. 56. The eye of a hurricane has the. a. Highest wind speeds b. Warmest temperatures c. Most intense rainfall d. Highest air pressure 57. What type of front forms when the surface position of the front does not move? 58. What is a hurricane? a. a tropical cyclone b. a middle-latitude anticyclone c. a middle-latitude cyclone d. a tropical anticyclone 59. A hurricane s energy comes from what? 60. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the eye of e. hurricane? f. has the storm s strongest winds g. is at the storm s center h. has no precipitation i. is warm because of descending air