Name Class 1. Bill Nye - Water 2. Properties of water 3. Heat Capacity and Universal Solvent 4. Water Cycle 5. Drainage Basins 6. Running Water and Erosion 7. Flood Plains and Deltas Contents Science 8 Unit 3: Water Mr. Birt
C^ Name: Class Date Bill Nye: The Water Cycle Warm-up question: When water evaporates it turns into water vapor. How does this happen if the water doesn't get hot enough to boil? 1. Fill in the boxes in the diagram. 2. What is the scientific name of the water cycle? 3. Why do some liquid water molecules evaporate into a gas? 4. What is the opposite of evaporation? 5. What two things are needed for condensation? 6. What is the chemical formula for water? 7. How does conserving electricity help protect water?
/U-Vme salt water universal solvent freshwater Properties of Water 17 16 Q.7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 3 2 1 density hydrometer buoyant force heat capacity Coriolis effect Vocabulary The earth's liquid water is categorized as either. water or water. Oceans are examples of _, I.water. They cover. r1percent of the earth's surface. Salt water is water that has a high ITlevel (high salt content). Salt water makes up approximately.16 percent of the world's water. It is because of water's ability to dissolve a large variety of /, that the ocean is salty. As water flows down mountains Freshwater versus Salt Water Water is an important substance that is needed for the _ of living organisms.2.. are dissolved in water and are thus able to enter cells. As you learned in Module 2, are dissolved in water and removed from cells. Plants need water in order to produce *. Through the utilization of water in plants produce oxygen that is needed by animals. Many types of plants and animals live and make their 6 in water. Humans use water to wash food, clothes, and even themselves as a means of keeping clean and _,. From the smallest organism to the largest, water plays an important part in their - - _,.^ Water shapes the lives of organisms and also shapes the earth around us.' _ 47 _.water breaks rock up and..,16.,_.-water wears rock down and transports sediments to other places. The Importance of Water Learning Outcomes After completing this lesson you will be able to explain why water is referred to as the universal solvent compare and contrast characteristics of freshwater and salt water describe how the heat capacity of large bodies of water and the movement of ocean currents influence climate Module 3, Lesson 1 5 Lesson 1
C Module 3, Lesson 1 Grade 8 Science and through fields, it dissolves ""63 - from the rocks and sediments it flows over. The J.. that is contained in the ocean is a collection of all the dissolved salt that has been transported there by rivers through the ages. Besides salt, ocean waters contain vast amounts of other substances and. ZO.,...(for example, copper, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur). It is this ability to dissolve a wide variety of solutes that allows water to be called a a^ -- Freshwater Freshwater makes up 2-2 percent of the world's water. It has relatively? levels of dissolved salts within it. Freshwater is found in 2 4 1 ^:,,r and - and Rainwater and most water found in lakes is referred to as L`_ water. Soft water has relatively low levels of disso l e d3 v..&- water has higher levels of dissolved minerals and substances such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, or ferrous oxide. As water seeps into the ground, it. 2 substances found in the rocks and soil that make up the earth. These substances change the.zl ;,of water, affect the. 'a `of soaps to cleanse and produce suds, cause of mineral deposits in kettles and other appliances, and produce.coloured stains on surfaces exposed to water. SCIENCE 8 Properties of Water - WORD BANK Importance of Water flowing healthy photosynthesis food homes survival freezing nutrients wastes fresh minerals Fresh versus Salt Water salinity solutes salt universal solvent Freshwater ability ice rivers buildup lakes rust dissolves low soft groundwater minerals taste hard rainwater 9erceAts
0 v 'iv at c;r : He,a t Cu ac c E' vel rsc 1 Aver â Heat Capacity Cr/a s-s: Date r Provide students with the following graph. Indicate that 1.0 ka of substance A and 1.0 kg of substance B were placed in an oven set at 800 C. E 1000.- 800 200 Heat Capacity of Substances 0 2 4 6 8 10 Time (minutes) Have students refer to the graph to answer the following questions in their science notebooks: 1. How long did it take for substance A to heat up to 800 C? How long did it take for substance B? 2. Which substance needed more heat energy to reach 800 C? 3. Which variables were controlled in this experiment? 4. The heat capacity of an object indicates how much heat energy must be added to increase its temperature by 1 Celsius. If a substance has a large heat capacity, you must add a large amount of heat to increase its temperature just a little. You must also remove a large amount of heat to decrease its temperature just a little. High heat capacity often means a substance takes a long time to heat up or to cool down. Given this information, which substance has the higher heat capacity? (continued)
0 (continued) 5. Imagine you are at the beach on a very hot day. You walk toward the water. The sand is extremely hot. When you reach the water, you find it is much cooler than the sand. a. Using the term heat capacity, explain why the sand is hot and the water is cool. b. Predict what the air temperature would be relative to the sand and water temperatures. Explain your thinking using the term heat capacity.. O â Universal Solvent Provide students with the following: 1. We rely on the fact that water is a universal solvent (dissolves numerous substances) in our day-to-day lives. Identify some ways in which water is useful to us as a universal solvent. 2. Sometimes we forget that water is able to dissolve substances. People add pollutants to soil, to the atmosphere, or to bodies of water without realizing the damage that could be done. Identify substances (all states of matter) that pollute water because of its trait as a universal solvent. 0
SCIENCE 8 The Water Cycle (Text p.331) Mr. Birt 1. Use the glossary at the back of the textbook to define the following terms: a. condensation b. evaporation c. groundwater d. precipitation e. runoff f. transpiration 2. Label the water cycle using p.331. (Include transpiration.) 3. What 2 sources of energy power the water cycle? (What 2 things supply the energy required?) (1) (2)
DATE: NAIIAE: CLASS: 0 Drainage Basins (jo, 3ao) Goal Use this page to display your knowledge of drainage basins. BLPA 10-9 What to Do Answer these two questions, then complete the map. 1. What is a drainage basin? 2. What is a drainage divide? On the map below colour and label five major drainage basins. Use a different colour for each basin. Draw and label the Continental Divide. tl Se- otrt aupo w 34ou) the, 41 c osf of cl rla(a ctle m ea4 ha sin 0 :1 0 Copyright 0 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. Permission to reproduce this page is granted to the purchaser for use in her/his classroom only. 445
20 Module 3, Lesson 2 Grade 8 Science Running Water and Erosion How Does Running Water Cause Erosion?* Weathering breaks down rocks, but weathering does not carry away the pieces of rock. What carries the pieces away? Another process moves the pieces of rock from one place to another. It is called erosion. Erosion is the process by which pieces of weathered rocks are carried away. Running water is the main force of erosion. Rivers, streams, and runoff change the surface of the earth. Runoff is rainwater that f lows over the earth's surface. During heavy rains there is a lot of runoff. As runoff flows over the earth's surface, it carries away soil pieces. Runoff empties into rivers and streams. The action of running water has made more changes on the surface than any other force. Water in rivers and streams picks up pebbles, sand, silt, and clay. It even picks up heavier fragments, such as gravel, rocks, and boulders. All these things act as abrasives. They scrape away at the bottoms and sides of streams. Speed makes the difference. The faster a stream moves, the more it carries. The more material the stream carries, the faster the bottom and sides of the stream are eroded. Streams flow very fast when they go down steep slopes. Streams flow more slowly when they go down gentle slopes. Therefore, steep slopes are eroded faster than gentle slopes. Sometimes streams carry extra water. That happens in times of heavy rain. The extra water makes the stream move faster. Because it is faster, the water picks up more material and causes more erosion. Streams are the greatest source of erosion. They have worn away large parts of our earth's surface. * From Science Workshop Series Earth Science: Geology by Seymour Rosen 1992 by Globe Fearon, an imprint of Pearson Learning, a division of Pearson Education, Inc. Used by permission.
0 Grade 8 Science Module 3, Lesson 2 21 Figure A Water enters a stream in three ways. 1. Some rain falls directly into the stream. 2. Some runoff water flows off from the top of the ground. 3. Other water seeps in from under the ground. A river system is made up of cne main stream and all the streams that flow into it. Questions: Studying Stream Erosion* Stream A Stream B * From Science Workshop Series Earth Science: Geology by Seymour Rosen 1992 by Globe Fearon, an imprint of Pearson Learning, a division of Pearson Education, Inc. Used by permission.
0 0 22 Module 3, Lesson 2 Grade 8 Science Look at the diagrams on the previous page and answer the following questions. Which stream... 1. is moving down a gentle slope? 2. is moving down a steep slope? 3. is moving faster? 4. is moving slower? 5. carries more sediment? 6. carries less sediment? 7. erodes more? 8. erodes less? Conclusions 1. Water flowing down a steep slope moves than water flowing down a gentle slope. (slower, faster) 2. Fast-moving water carries sediment than slow-moving water. (more, less) 3. Fast-moving water erodes than slowmoving water. (more, less)
C 01 0 Grade 8 Science Module 3, Lesson 2 23 Fill in the Blanks Complete each statement using a term or terms from the list below. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Some words may be used more than once. more erode faster particles breaks down less carried away running water downhill 1. Weathering only rocks. 2. Erosion is the process by which pieces of rock are 3. The main force of erosion is 4. In times of heavy rain, sometimes streams carry Streams carry all kinds of 6. Materials carried by streams the sides and bottom of the stream. 7. Streams move only in a direction. 8. Steep streams move than gently sloping streams. 9. Steep streams carry particles than gently sloping streams. 10. Gently sloping streams erode than steep streams. Matching Match each term in Column A with its description in Column B. Write the correct letter in the space provided. Column A Column B 1. running water 2. runoff 3. erosion 4. steep slope 5. gentle slope a) fast-moving stream b) main force of erosion c) slow-moving stream d) carrying away of weathered rock pieces e) empties into rivers and streams
24 Module 3, Lesson 2 Grade 8 Science What are Flood Plains and Deltas?* Running water carries sediment. But it does not carry sediment forever. Sooner or later, the sediment must settle. Some streams may carry sediment very far. At some time, however, the streams will deposit the sediment. The sediment that streams deposit builds up two kinds of land areas: flood plains and deltas. Flood Plains After a heavy rain, a stream carries more water than usual. This raises the water level. Sometimes the level gets so high that the water flows over its channel-the place it usually flows through. Then there is flooding. The flood water deposits fine sediment on the banks, which is land next to the stream. Some st-re r builds up flat areas called flood plains. Soil on flood plains is very good for farming. Deltas Almost every stream empties its water into a larger body of water, which empties into a larger river or an ocean. The place where a stream empties its water is called the mouth. A stream flows slowly at the mouth. It deposits its sediment at the mouth. The sediment builds large land areas, called deltas. A delta is shaped like a triangle. It gets its name from the Greek letter "delta" (A). Large pebbles are deposited when a fast stream slows as it levels out. This is called an alluvial deposit. Fast-flowing water has more power than slow-moving water to carry heavy objects. * From Science Workshop Series Earth Science: Geology by Seymour Rosen 1992 by Globe Fearon, an imprint of Pearson Learning, a division of Pearson Education, Inc. Used by permission.
Grade 8 Science Module 3, Lesson 2 25 Flood Plains and Deltas Usually, stream water stays in the channel. It does not flow onto its banks. In times of heavy rain, however, the water may flow over its channel. Flood water deposits fine sediment on both banks of a stream. The sediment builds flood plains.
26 Module 3, Lesson 2 Grade 8 Science Questions: Flood Plains and Deltas 1. Flood plain soil is very fertile. There are many good farms on flood plains. But the farmers are taking a big chance. Why? 2. Would you want to live on a flood plain? 3. Explain why or why not. How a Delta Grows Figure D Imagine yourself looking down from high in the sky. "a" is land "b" is a stream "c" is a large body of water The stream empties into the water. The stream deposits its sediment at its mouth. The sediment builds up. All the sediment is under water.
Grade 8 Science Module 3, Lesson 2 27 The sediment builds up and up. Much of it reaches above the water level. Much is now even with the land. The sediment is now "new" land. The stream has cut new channels across this new land. How many new channels do you see? The buildup continues. More sediment is deposited. The land grows outward in the shape of a delta. It will continue to grow. Why will the delta keep growing?
28 Module 3, Lesson 2 Questions: How a Delta Grows Fill in the Blanks Grade 8 Science c 0 0 Match each term in Column A with its description in Column B. Write the correct letter in the space provided. Column A Column B 1. flood plain 2. delta 3. channel 4. triangle 5. mouth a) shape of a delta b) built by flood sediment c) built at mouth of stream d) stream's end e) place a stream usually flows through Matching 10. Sediment deposited at the mouth of a stream builds a 9. The water at the mouth of a stream usually flows 8. The place where a stream empties its water is called the the 5. Stream sediment builds land areas called and 6. When water overflows its channel, takes place. 7. Fine sediment laid down during floods builds a Complete each statement using a term or terms from the list below. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Some words may be used more than once. deposited deltas erosion slowly flooding mouth flood plains delta farming channel 1. The process by which parts of the earth's crust are carried away is called 2. Material that is eroded eventually is 3. Soil on the flood plain is good for