Agrometeorological network and information systems based on meteorological informations in Slovenia Stanislav Gomboc, Tomaž Seliškar, Vlasta Knapič, 1 2 1 1 Phytosanitary Adninistration of Republic of Slovenia, 2 Biotechnical faculty, Department for Agronomy,, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Organisation of Slovenian Forecasting Service It is organised on regional level in the main agricultural areas It is under the coordination of Phytosanitary Administration of the Republic of Slovenia Each regional service issues they regional forecasts for their region except which covers the whole country Each centre use their one equipment and tools to get the best forecast for his one region (meteorological stations, pheromone traps, observation of disease development and use of computer forecasting models). Forecast information's are issued on radio news, telephone answer machines, published news, in prognostic information system, which inform the users about the forecasting information's.
History of agrometeorological observations in plant protection in Slovenia Slovenian observation and forecasting service has a long tradition. It was formed in 1956, with the outbreaks of Colorado beetle and some phytophthoras (Plasmopara viticola and Phytophthora inferstans). Since then agrometeorological data and field observations are the most important factors by issuing of forecasting informations warnings. Field observations remains until today more or less the same, only the way and precision of collection of agrometeorological data and data evaluation has changed and improved in many ways.
History of agrometeorological observations in plant protection in Slovenia At the beginnig classical instruments were used for measuring meteorological factors (Lambrecht). Since end of eighties semiautomatic measure devices like Metos and KMS Paar came into use. They had integrated the meteorological instruments and some simple prognostic models, which calculated the infestation thresholds. From 1996-1998 Slovenian observation and forecasting service was equipped with Adcon Telemetry weather stations, which were placed in use in most important agricultural areas.
Equipment of Slovenian observation and forecasting service Internet connection with personal computers Answering machines More than 900 automatic Adcon Telemetry meteorological stations Prognostic models software Pheromone traps and other baits for pests Machines for catching of spores Cars for crops observations Growers network for local pest and disease observation
Placement of Adcon Telemetry weather stations across Slovenia 81 wheatear stations are in place 73 stations are measuring meteorological data
Equipment of Adcon Telemetry weather stations All 73, which are now in place are measuring temperature at 2 m high or in vegetation level Precipitation 73 stations Humidity 73 stations Leaf wetness 65 stations Wind speed and wind direction 22 stations Sun radiation 5 stations
National and regional centers of observation and forecasting service with receivers from Adcon meteorological stations Data from meteorological measurements are collected and processed at regional level. Maribor Žalec Nova Gorica Ljubljana Novo mesto -Krško
Central data collection From regional centers data are collected on the main server with 1 hour delay from the time of measurement. MS SQL server for central data storage and data manipulation (internet, forecasting models)
Overview of real time data in application FitoPostaje Meteorological data available on internet with one hour delay for each station Available summary data for each station Additional data to position and statistic of meteorological stations (Available forecasting models for main diseases and pests for each station)
Application FitoPostaje for maintenance of agrometeorological data
Application FitoPostaje for maintenance of agrometeorological data Description of meteorological station, location, sensors, replacements of sensors, and other data of station maintenance (placement in the season, working period, crop ).
Application FitoPostaje for maintenance of agrometeorological data Overview - monthly data
Application FitoPostaje for maintenance of agrometeorological data Statistics of stations efficiency
Benefits of central data maintenance All data are accessible on one place in the same time: Wheatear data for the whole country are available for farmers (spraying factors, harvesting, irrigation ) We can analyze and run forecasting or other meteorological models for the whole country on the same time and undertake the decisions for the whole country. All data are available for free for all interesting users for other purposes (for the archive of national meteorological measurements, other institutions, students ).
Process for issuing of forecast information IMPUTS METEOROLOGICAL DATA PHENOLOGICAL DATA FORECASTING MODEL INSECTS OR DISEASES DEVELOPMENT OBSERVATION YEARS OF EXPIRIENCE FORECAST
MAIN DISEASES AND PEST FOR WHICH PROGNOSTIC INFORMATION ARE ISSUED Plasmopara viticola Venturia inaequalis Phytophthora infestans Uncinula necator Pseudoperonospora cubensis Pseudoperonospora humuli Erysiphe graminis Fusarium sp. on cereals and maize Erwinia amylovora others... Aphididae - aphids Acarina - mites Leptinotarsa decemlineata Oulema melanopus Cydia pomonella Cydia molesta Dacus oleae Psyllidae on pear Ostrinia nubilalis Eupoecilia ambiguella Lobesia botrana Rhagoletis cerasi
Public access to agrometeorological data
Public access to forecast and other plant protection informations http://www.fito-info.bf.uni-lj.si Informations available: Registered plant protection products Registered plant varieties Forecast information's Plant protection related legislation Organisms names, descriptions, pictures,... Important information for plant producers news All other information regarded to plant protection...
Distribution of forecasting informations - Phone answer machines - Newspapers - Radio stations - Sending informations by normal post - Web application for publishing of forecast news (Information's available in real time): - www - e-mail - SMS short mobile phone massages
Forecasting news are published when needed for different categories: - agriculture - fruit growing - wine production - vegetables - hop growing - normal news, meetings - and some other minor categories
Conclusions Forecast and prognostic service in Slovenia has long tradition (from 1954) and is still very important for Slovenian agriculture. Meteorological data are very important input for forecast information but not always sufficient (presence of pest, microclimate, phenology...) Real time meteorological data are also very useful for farmer (pesticide treatment temperature, wind, rainfall, tillage...) and also for other public (army, field workers, sportiest, tourists...) The best tool for preparation of good forecast information is combination of meteorological data, forecasting models, field observations and experiences of prognostic officers. Forecast information has no use if is not properly distributed in the short time (newspapers, answering machines, internet, mails, SMS)