1/7 09/07/2013 12:25 Physics PHYS 1001 Physics and the Modern Society [3 Credit(s)] This course is for students with no physics background. Course content: Principle of scientific theories and methods, Aristotle's law, Newtonian mechanics. Thermal physics, heat engine, energy crisis and global warming. Nature of waves and the physics of hearing and vision. Electricity and magnetism, electromagnetic waves and telecommunication. Relativity, quantum physics, nuclear energy and semiconductor. Developments and outlook of contemporary physics. Exclusion(s): A passing grade in HKCEE Physics; Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1/2x Physics or HKDSE 1x Physics; any PHYS courses at 1100-level or above PHYS 1002 Introduction to Astrophysics and Astronomy [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 002] This course introduces students to origin of modern astronomy, gravity, light and telescope, star light and atoms, stars (binary, formation, evolution, death), neutron stars and black holes, normal galaxies, peculiar galaxies, cosmology, the solar system, life on other world. Exclusion(s): PHYS 1006, PHYS 4054 Prerequisite(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1/2x OR in HKDSE 1x Physics, OR a passing grade in HKCEE Physics PHYS 1003 Energy and Related Environmental Issues [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 006] This course will introduce the basic concepts of the physical principles behind energy. Various forms of energy and their use (including electricity, fossil energy, nuclear power, various forms of renewable energy), and their impacts on the environment both from a global and a regional perspectives will be discussed. Issues related to energy conservation and related environmental issues in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) will be discussed. Prerequisite(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1/2x OR in HKDSE 1x Physics, OR a passing grade in HKCEE Physics PHYS 1004 How Scientists Think [3 Credit(s)] Who are scientists? What are these people and how do they think? Is there any fundamental contradiction between science and religion? Is there a "human" side of science? These are the questions we intend to discuss in this course. The course starts with an introduction to the principle of falsifiability, and the importance of precise measurement in science. These principles are then illustrated using several historical examples in science and social science. The relation between science, humanity and society will be discussed afterward. Group project(s) and presentations are required throughout the course. PHYS 1005 Physics in Movies [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 009] Films and movies are for entertainment. As such, actions and episodes in movies frequently violate the basic laws of physics. By analyzing the situations portrayed in movies, we seek to establish some basic principles of physics such as the laws of motions, conversation laws, principles of thermodynamics and notions of modern physics. Using films to illustrate the correct (or wrong) concepts of physics is a good way to help the students to comprehend and apply the basic principles of science in an enjoyable way. Movies and films also frequently describes, sometimes in a grossly exaggerated manner, the dire consequences when science or technology falls in the hands of the bad people or when good science is applied for a wrong purpose by unsuspecting people who have good intentions. Analyzing such situations can help students to evaluate the social and philosophical implications of scientific discoveries and technological development. Prerequisite(s): A passing grade in HKCEE Physics; OR Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1/2x Physics OR HKDSE 1x Physics PHYS 1006 Astronomy for Beginners [3 Credit(s)] For students with no physics background. Introduction to our Universe; observation in astronomy; origin of modern astronomy. Newton's law of motions; gravity; light, atoms and telescope. The Sun; stellar formation and evolution; white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes. The Milky way Galaxy; Normal galaxies, active galaxies and supermassive black holes. Foundation of modern cosmology; dark matter, dark energy and the fate of the Universe; the beginning of time. Exclusion(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1/2x Physics OR HKDSE 1x Physics, a passing grade in AL/AS Physics, PHYS 1001, PHYS 1002, PHYS 4054 PHYS 1111 General Physics I [3 Credit(s)] PHYS 1111 and PHYS 1112 target students who have learned the most basic knowledge in physics in high school. Students with more advanced physics background should consider taking PHYS 1151 or PHYS 1152. PHYS 1111 employs an algebra-based approach. Students with knowledge of calculus should take PHYS 1112 instead. Key topics include motions and Newton's laws, work and energy, conservation of energy and degree only. Exclusion(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE Mathematics Extended Module M1/M2, PHYS 1112, PHYS 1151, PHYS 1152 Prerequisite(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1/2x OR HKDSE 1x Physics

2/7 09/07/2013 12:25 PHYS 1112 General Physics I with Calculus [3 Credit(s)] PHYS 1111 and PHYS 1112 target students who have learned the most basic knowledge in physics in high school. Students with more advanced physics background should consider taking PHYS 1151 or PHYS 1152. PHYS 1112 employs a calculus-based approach. Students without knowledge of calculus should take PHYS 1111 instead. Key topics include motions and Newton s Laws, work and energy, conservation of energy and degree only. Students without the physics prerequisite but have taken PHYS 1001 or equivalent, and/or without the mathematics prerequisite but have taken MATH 1013/ MATH 1020/ MATH 1023 or equivalent may seek instructor s approval for enrolling in the course. Exclusion(s): PHYS 1111, PHYS 1151, PHYS 1152 Prerequisite(s): (Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1/2x OR in HKDSE 1x Physics) AND Level 3 or above in HKDSE Mathematics Extended Module M1/M2 PHYS 1113 Laboratory for General Physics I [1 Credit(s)] A laboratory course to accompany PHYS 1111/PHYS 1112/PHYS 1151/PHYS 1152. Experiments in mechanics and heat are chosen to illustrate the experimental foundations of physics presented in the lecture courses. Corequisite(s): PHYS 1111 OR PHYS 1112 OR PHYS 1151 OR PHYS 1152 PHYS 1114 General Physics II [3 Credit(s)] This course targets students who have learned the most basic knowledge in physics in high school. Students with more advanced physics background should consider taking PHYS 1154. This course employs a calculus based approach. Key topics include Coulomb s law, electric field and potential, Gauss law, capacitance, circuits, magnetic force and field, Ampere s law, electromagnetic induction, AC circuit, Maxwell s equations, electromagnetic waves, geometric optics, interference and diffraction. Exclusion(s): PHYS 1154 Prerequisite(s): (PHYS 1111 OR PHYS 1112) AND (level 3 or above in HKDSE Mathematics Extended Module M1/M2 OR MATH 1013 OR MATH 1020 OR MATH 1023) PHYS 1115 Laboratory for General Physics II [1 Credit(s)] A laboratory course to accompany PHYS 1114/1154. Experiments in static and current electricity and magnetism, and optics are chosen to illustrate the experimental foundations of physics presented in the lecture courses. Corequisite(s): PHYS 1114 OR PHYS 1154 PHYS 1151 Accelerated General Physics I [2 Credit(s)] PHYS 1151 and PHYS 1152 target students who have more advanced physics background in high school. PHYS 1151 employs an algebra-based approach. Students with knowledge of calculus should take PHYS 1152 instead. Key topics include motions and Newton's Laws, work and energy, conservation of energy and degree only. Exclusion(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE Mathematics Extended Module M1/M2, PHYS 1111, PHYS 1112, PHYS 1152 Prerequisite(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1x Physics PHYS 1152 Accelerated General Physics I with Calculus [2 Credit(s)] PHYS 1151 and PHYS 1152 target students who have more advanced physics background in high school. PHYS 1152 employs a calculus-based approach. Students without knowledge of calculus should take PHYS 1151 instead. Key topics include motions and Newton s Laws, work and energy, conservation of energy and degree only. Students without the mathematics prerequisite but have taken MATH 1013/ MATH 1020/ MATH 1023 or equivalent may seek instructor s approval for enrolling in the course. Exclusion(s): PHYS 1111, PHYS1112, PHYS 1151 Prerequisite(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1x Physics AND in HKDSE Mathematics Extended Module M1/M2 PHYS 1154 Accelerated General Physics II [2 Credit(s)] This course targets students who have more advanced physics background in high school, and employs a calculus based approach. Key topics include Coulomb s law, electric field and potential, Gauss law, capacitance, circuits, magnetic force and field, Ampere s law, electromagnetic induction, AC circuit, Maxwell s equations, electromagnetic waves, geometric optics, interference and diffraction. Exclusion(s): PHYS 1114 Prerequisite(s): (PHYS 1151 OR PHYS 1152) AND (level 3 or above in HKDSE Mathematics Extended Module M1/M2 OR MATH 1013 OR MATH 1020 OR MATH 1023) PHYS 1407 Physical Phenomena in Everyday Life [3 Credit(s)]

3/7 09/07/2013 12:25 [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 007] For non-physics students only. Why can't we see stars at daytime? Why does toast land jelly-side down? Why doesn't a bicycle fall? These phenomena, which we observe in everyday life, are all governed by the laws of Physics. In this course, we shall explore how the basic laws of physics work in our everyday life with simple examples and demonstrations. Exclusion(s): A passing grade in AL Physics PHYS 1411 General Physics I [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 011] Motions and Newton's Laws; work and energy; conservation of energy and momentum; rotation; rigid body; gravity; simple harmonic and damped oscillations; forced oscillations; standing waves and sound waves; heat; kinetic theory of gases; thermodynamic laws. Exclusion(s): PHYS 2411 - Serway and Jewett, Physics for Scientists and Engineers PHYS 1413 Introductory Electromagnetism and Modern Physics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 013] Electric field and potential; direct-current circuits; magnetic field and induction; alternating-current circuits; Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic waves; the origins of quantum theory; quantization of atomic energies; electron waves and quantum theory. Exclusion(s): PHYS 112 (prior to 2007-08), PHYS 2421 Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1411 - Serway and Jewett, Physics for Scientists and Engineers PHYS 1431 Laboratory for General Physics I [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 031] A laboratory course to accompany PHYS 1411. Experiments in mechanics and heat are chosen to illustrate the experimental foundations of physics presented in PHYS 1411. Exclusion(s): PHYS 2411 Corequisite(s): PHYS 1411 PHYS 1433 Laboratory for Electromagnetism and Modern Physics [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 033] Laboratory accompanying PHYS 1413. Exclusion(s): PHYS 112 (prior to 2007-08), PHYS 2421 Corequisite(s): PHYS 1413 PHYS 2021 Black Holes and the Early Universe [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 140] An introduction to the exciting discoveries of black holes and the early universe, and through them some basic theories in general relativity, field theory, thermodynamics and cosmology. Exclusion(s): PHYS 4054 Prerequisite(s): A passing grade in AL Physics OR any 000-/1000- level physics course PHYS 2022 Modern Physics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 126] Introduction to relativity; introduction to quantum theory: particle-wave duality and Schrodinger equation; atoms, molecules; and statistical physics: Maxwell, Bose and Fermi distributions. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1114 OR PHYS 1154 OR PHYS 2421 - Taylor and Zafiratos, Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers PHYS 2023 Modern Physics Laboratory [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 127] Laboratory accompanying PHYS 2022. Corequisite(s): PHYS 2022 PHYS 2080 Physics Seminar [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 180] For Physics students only. All Year 1 undergraduate Physics students are required to take PHYS 2080. The course is scheduled in the Fall semester of each academic year. Appropriate seminars and small group tutorials are scheduled to expose students to a variety of issues in science and society, and to enhance students' communication with faculties and among themselves. Graded P or F. PHYS 2090 Directed Studies in Physics I [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 191] This course covers special topics selected by the instructor on the basis of individual student's request. The course is for first year students only. The instructor's approval is required for taking this course. Prerequisite(s): CGA at 2.70 or above PHYS 2411 Physics I [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 111] Force and motion; work and kinetic energy; conservation of energy and linear momentum; rigid body and angular momentum; oscillations and waves; temperature, kinetic theory and thermodynamics. Exclusion(s): PHYS 1411, PHYS 1431, PHYS 2421 Prerequisite(s): A passing grade in AS Physics / AL Physics / AL Engineering Science

4/7 09/07/2013 12:25 - Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Fundamentals of Physics PHYS 2421 Fundamentals of Physics [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 121] Ideal gas and kinetic theory, heat, entropy, thermodynamics; Coulomb's law, electric fields, Gauss's, electric potential, capacitance, magnetic field, Lorentz force, Ampere's Faraday's and Lenz's laws. Exclusion(s): PHYS 1413, PHYS 1433, PHYS 2411, PHYS 112 (prior to 2007-08) Prerequisite(s): A passing grade in AL Physics/Engineering Science/PHYS 1411 - Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Fundamentals of Physics PHYS 3031 Mathematical Methods in Physics II [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 214] Physical applications of analytic and numerical methods are studied in such topics as differential equations, Fourier series, Laplace transforms, matrices and vectors. Prerequisite(s): MATH 2023, MATH 2121 and MATH 2352 - Mary L. Boa, Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences PHYS 3032 Classical Mechanics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 221] Newtonian mechanics, including rigid bodies; oscillating systems; gravitation and planetary motion; Lagrange equations; Hamilton's equations; normal modes and small oscillations. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1111 OR PHYS 1112 OR PHYS 1151 OR PHYS 1152 OR PHYS 2421 - Marion, Classical Dynamics, or - Davis, Classical Mechanics PHYS 3033 Electricity and Magnetism I [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 223] A physics core course. Electrostatics: electric charge and fields, multipoles, Laplace equation, dielectrics; magnetostatics: currents, magnetic fields and vector potential, magnetic materials; Maxwell's equations. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1114 OR PHYS 1154 OR PHYS 2421 - David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics PHYS 3034 Electricity and Magnetism II [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 224] Electrodynamics: applications of Maxwell's equations, propagation in various media, radiation, relativistic electrodynamics, transmission lines and wave guides. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3033 - Marion and Heald, Classical Electromagnetic Radiation PHYS 3036 Quantum Mechanics I [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 234] Basic properties of Schrodinger equation, bound and scattering states in simple one-dimensional potentials, formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of Hilbert space and Dirac bracket notation, Schrodinger equation in three-dimensions, angular momentum, hydrogen atom wavefunction, systems of identical particles, spin and statistics, multi-electron atoms and the periodic table. Exclusion(s): PHYS 3037 Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2022 - D.J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics PHYS 3037 Introduction to the Principles of Quantum Mechanics [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 236] This course is a more in-depth version of PHYS 3036 Elementary Quantum Mechanics I. Topics include: classical mechanics, Schrodinger equation and simple examples in one-dimension, formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of Hilbert space and Dirac bracket notation, real and momentum space representations, Heisenberg and Schrodinger pictures, Schrodinger equation in threedimensions, angular momentum, hydrogen atom wavefunction, systems of identical particles, the periodic table. Exclusion(s): PHYS 3036 Prerequisite(s): Grade B- or above in PHYS 2022 PHYS 3038 Optics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 241] Ray tracing, matrix optics, wave optics, superposition of waves and interference, coherence, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, polarisation, Fourier optics, holography, phase and group velocity, material dispersion, propagation of Gaussian beams. Exclusion(s): ELEC 4610 PHYS 3039 Fibre Optics [3 Credit(s)]

5/7 09/07/2013 12:25 [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 242] Electromagnetic wave propagation in waveguide, fabrication of optical fibres, step index fibre, fields, modes, propagation and dispersion in monomode and multimode fibres, couplers and connectors, fibre optics communication system, and fibre optic sensors. Exclusion(s): ELEC 4620 PHYS 3040 Introduction to Materials Science [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 250] An integrated study of the nature and behavior of metals, ceramics and polymers. Topics include crystal structures, phase diagrams, microstructures and microscopy, defects, phases and interfaces in materials systems, phase transformations, deformation, annealing and failure of materials. PHYS 3041 Introduction to Materials Processing [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 251] Phase transitions and phase diagrams, crystal growth, vacuum physics and technology, thin film preparation by physical vapor deposition, sputtering and sol-gel. Chemical processing such as chemical vapor deposition, oxidation, wet and plasma etching. Lithography and patterning techniques. Corequisite(s): PHYS 3040 PHYS 3090 Directed Studies in Physics II [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 291] This course covers special topics selected by the instructor on the basis of individual student's request. The course is for second year students only. The instructor's approval is required for taking this course. Prerequisite(s): CGA at 2.70 or above PHYS 3411 Methods of Experimental Physics [2 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 211] Introduction to the experimental techniques of physics and the statistical analysis of data through lectures and a variety of experiments. Students may select one of the two laboratory sequences: electronics and optics. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 112 (prior to 2007-08) OR PHYS 2421 PHYS 3480 Physics Seminar and Tutorial II [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 280] For Physics students only. All Year 2 undergraduate Physics students are required to take PHYS 3480. The course is scheduled in the Fall semester of each academic year. Appropriate seminars and small group tutorials are scheduled to expose students to a variety of issues in science and society, and to enhance students' communication with faculties and among themselves. Graded P or F. PHYS 4050 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 321] Laws of thermodynamics, entropy, thermodynamic relations, free energy; elementary statistical mechanics: Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics; elementary transport theory; applications to physical systems. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2022 - Kittel and Morse, Thermal Physics PHYS 4051 Quantum Mechanics II [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 331] This course is mainly on approximation methods in quantum mechanics. Topics include stationary state perturbation theory, variational principle, WKB method, time-dependent perturbation theory, emission and absorption of radiation, adiabatic approximation and geometric phase, scattering theory. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3031/MATH 4052, AND PHYS 3036/PHYS 3037 - R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics - (Textbook) D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics PHYS 4052 Introductory Solid State Physics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 332] An introduction to modern solid state physics, including lattice structure, lattice vibrations, thermal properties, electron theory of metals and semiconductors, magnetic properties, and superconductivity. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3036 - Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics PHYS 4053 Lasers and Optical Electronics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 335] Propagation of Gaussian beams, optical cavity and cavity modes, blackbody radiation and stimulated emission, laser principles and rate equations, examples of solid state, liquid, gas and semiconductor lasers, laser Q-switching and mode-locking, detection of optical radiation. PHYS 4054 Introduction to Astrophysics [3 Credit(s)]

6/7 09/07/2013 12:25 [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 340] Light spectrum and telescope, the Sun, gravitation and relativity, stellar masses and evolution, interstellar medium, star formation, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, active galaxies and quasars, cosmology, solar system. Prerequisite(s): MATH 2352 AND PHYS 2022 - Marc L. Kutner, Astronomy, A Physical Perspective PHYS 4055 Nuclear and Particle Physics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 342] Nuclear and elementary particles, general symmetries and conservation laws, behavior of high energy particles and radiations, basic properties of detectors, brief introduction to cosmology. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3036 - H. Frauenfelder and E.M. Henley, Substomic Physics - A. Das and T. Ferbel, Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics - S. Weinberg, The First Three Minutes PHYS 4056 Atomic and Molecular Physics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 346] Atomic models, radiation and matter, wave equations for simple quantum systems, perturbation theory and radiative transitions, quantum theory of one-electron atoms, many-electron atoms, molecular structure, approximation methods for many-electron systems, atomic and molecular spectroscopy. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3036 - Banwell & McCash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy PHYS 4057 Structure and Defects of Materials [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 351] Real and reciprocal lattice, atomic structure of crystalline and amorphous solids, dislocations and other crystal defects, determination of structure and defects by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3040 PHYS 4058 Information Physics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 370] Probability theory, entropy in information theory, relative entropy and mutual information, Second Law of thermodynamics, instantaneous code and block code, data compression: Huffman code, portfolio management. Introduction to Mathematical Finance: Options and Binomial Tree. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3031 OR PHYS 4050 PHYS 4059 Physics of Management Science [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 371] This course will introduce the concepts and techniques of optimization and modeling in the management of systems and business applications with many variables and constraints. We will discuss linear programming, network flow models, project management, nonlinear programming, queuing analysis, computer solutions, and the statistical physics of optimization in complex systems. Exclusion(s): IELM 3010, ISOM 3710 PHYS 4060 Computational Physics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 381] This course introduces the use of computer to solve problems and to simulate physical phenomena. It covers the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, linear systems, stochastic processes, and Monte Carlo methods. Visualization tools will be used to interpret results of the calculations. Prerequisite(s): COMP 1002 Corequisite(s): PHYS 3031 - Numerical Recipes, The Art of Scientific Computing PHYS 4080 Physics Seminar and Tutorial III [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 380] For Physics students only. All Year 3 undergraduate Physics students are required to take PHYS 4080. The course is scheduled in the Fall semester of each academic year. Appropriate seminars and small group tutorials are scheduled to expose students to a variety of issues in science and society, and to enhance students' communication with faculties and among themselves. Graded P or F. PHYS 4090 Directed Studies in Physics III [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 391] This course covers special topics selected by the instructor on the basis of individual student's request. The course is for third year students only. The instructor's approval is required for taking this course. Prerequisite(s): CGA at 2.70 or above PHYS 4411 Advanced Physics Laboratory [3 Credit(s)]

7/7 09/07/2013 12:25 [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 311] Advanced experiments selected from all areas of physics; independent work emphasized. Formal reports and oral presentations are required. Prerequisite(s): (PHYS 3033 OR PHYS 3036) AND PHYS 3411 PHYS 4482 Computational Physics II [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 382] A continuation of PHYS 4060. It covers the numerical solution of partial differential equations, and the simulation of models which may include traffic flow, earthquake, option pricing, etc. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 4060 PHYS 4498 Independent Study Project [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): PHYS 398] Undergraduate research conducted under the supervision of a faculty member. A written report is required and one of the following activities is expected: identify a non-textbook problem and suggest approaches to its solution, solve a non-textbook problem, or acquire a specific research skill. Course duration is one-year. The instructor's approval is required for taking this course.