1392 9-18 ( ) 91/6/22 : 1 91/1/18 : 78 1377. (Oplismenus hirtellus) 100 20.. Rhizoctonia solani.. AG 1- IA. AG 1. 6/4 7 (PDA) 28. 4/5-1 4-0/7. 34. 35 10 8 ( ).. R. solani Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IA Oplismenus hirtellus : 1. - maaghajanina@yahoo.com : *
( ) 10 Rhizoctonia.(Vilgalys and Cubeta, 1994). Thanatephorus cucumeris Frank Ceratobasidium spp..(sneh et al., 1991; Vilgalys and Cubeta, 1994) Waitea circinata Warcup & Talbot (Donk) -. Rr.1 AG-S AG-A) 21 W. circinata T. cucumeris Ceratobasidium spp. Burpee and Martin, 1996; ) (WAG-O WAG-Z) (AG 13 AG 1) 13 (Rr.2.(Carling et al., 2002a; Sneh et al., 1991 - (T. cucumeris ) Rhizotonia solai AG 1. Ogoshi, 1987; ) ID IC IB IA.(Priyamojo et al., 2001; Sherwood, 1969 AG 1-IA (Kim et al., 1994). (Jones and Belmar, 1989) (Fredriksen, 1989; Shurtleff, 1992). (Smiley et al., 1992) -. 12.(Burpee and Martin, 1992) AG 2-2 IIIB AG 1-IA. R. solani AG 2-2 LP AG2-2 IV R. solani AG 4.(Burpee and Martin, 1992; Burpee and Martin, 1996) AG-Q 1377 (Oplismenus hirtellus (Ard.) P.Beauv)..(Aghajani et al. 2000a). 20 9. 25 (PDA 1 ) 1. Potato dextrose agar
11 1392 / / / 1. 2 10 (Bandoni, 1979). 50 40 7 PDA 20 9 5 3. 12. 3-5. 8 24-8. ( 90 25-28 ).(Kim et al., 1994; Sherwood, 1969; Sneh et al., 1991). 14 5.(1a ) (1b ).(1d ) 50 20..(1c ) 4. 5.. PDA.(2a ).(b 3a ) ( 0/7 (1/7) 4 1 (2) 4/5 ).(2b ) 1. Zonation 2. Safranin O 3. Acclimatization period 4. Smoke ring 5. Frog eye
2 3+4 5 ( ( * +%,-.* & MU # 6 A!B84 -B ' +!"M 9 /,0% ) :# 9(:?&- % & '( < (0 U # 9& (!B84 9 M(>? -A +?-.(patch) (!B84 (>? 2 -D & = 8? 9 M P: 9& 12 # 9& # (+:!W4 3:>C -C '9 # 6 (!bm & J- _# (Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IA) Y.(+F M ~*4 J- 9 2 @ 9(+F -a : +?8q -b & PDA : 8!0&@ :# : 8!0&@ C0 A!B84 9 C: 9( - - A!B84 9 :# ; < -1 3>6 MS<T :# 3 Y -2 3>6
13 1392 / / / (7 ) 11 5/5 (6/4 ) 10 4 35 10 28.(4 ).(5 ) 34..( 15) -b -a : -3. -4.. Kim ) AG1 Rhizoctonia solani AG1 AG1-IA.(6 ).(et al., 1994; Sherwood, 1969 7 3. ( ) PDA.
( ) 14 (Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA) -5.(AG 4) (a) ( ) -6.(b) R. solani AG1-IA ( ) Kim et al., 1994; ).(Burpee and Martin, 1996; Smiley et al., 1992).(Ogoshi, 1987; Sherwood, 1969
15 1392 / / / (Aghajani et al., 2000b) R. solani. - R.solani (Aghajani et al., 2000c) AG1 IA (Torabi and Binesh, 1984)....(Aghajani et al., 2000b) R.solani
( ) 16 References: 1. Aghajani M A, Alizadeh A and Rahimian H. 2000a. Occurrence of brown patch (Rhizoctonia blight) of slender panic grass in Iran. Paper presented at: 14th Plant Protection Congress; 9 14 September; Isfahan, Iran. 2. Aghajani M A, Alizadeh A and Rahimian H. 2000b. Anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani pathogen on monocotyledonous plants in central Mazandaran. Paper presented at: 14th Plant Protection Congress; 9 14 September; Isfahan, Iran. 3. Aghajani M A, Rahimian H and Alizadeh A. 2000c. Occurrence of Rhizoctonia aerial blight of soybean in Iran. Paper presented at: 14th Plant Protection Congress; 9 14 September; Isfahan, Iran. 4. Bandoni R J. 1979. Safranin as a rapid nuclear stain for fungi. Mycologia 71: 873 874. 5. Burpee L and Martin B. 1992. Biology of Rhizoctonia species associated with turfgrasses. Plant Disease 76: 112 117. 6. Burpee L and Martin S B. 1996. Biology of turfgrass diseases incited by Rhizoctonia species. pp 359-367, In B Sneh, S Jabaji-Hare, S Neate and G Dijist (eds). Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease Control. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher. 7. Carling D E, Baird R E, Gitaitis R D, Brainard K A and Kuninaga S. 2002. Characterization of AG-13, a newly reported anastomosis group of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 92: 893 899. 8. Carling D E, Pope E J, Brainrd K A and Carter D A. 1998. Characterization of isolates of Rhizoctonia solani, inducing a new AG, that are mycorrhizal on an orchid in Australia. Phytopathology 88: S13. 9. Carling D E Rothrock C S MacNish G C Sweetingham M W Brainard K A and Winters S W. 1994. Characterization of anastomosis group 11 (AG-11) of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 84: 1387 1393. 10. Fredriksen R A. 1989. Compendium of Sorghum Diseases. 82p. APS Press, USA. 11. Herr L J and Roberts D L. 1970. Characterization of Rhizoctonia solani for populations obtained from sugar beet fields with different soil textures. Phytopathology 70: 479 480. 12. Jones R K and Belmar S B. 1989. Characterization and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from rice, soybean, and other crops grown in rotation with rice in Texas. Plant Disease 73: 1004 1010. 13. Kim W G, Cho W D and Lee Y H. 1994. Anastomosis groups and cultural characteristics of Rhizoctonia solani isolates from crops in Korea. The Korean Journal of Mycology 22: 309 324. 14. Lee F N and Rush M C. 1983. Rice sheath blight: a major rice disease. Plant Disease 67: 829 832. 15. Naito S and Kanematsu S. 1994. Characterization and pathogenicity of a new anastomosis subgroup AG-2-3 of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn isolated from leaves of soybean. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 60: 681 690. 16. Ogoshi A. 1987. Ecology and pathogenicity of anastomosis and intraspecific groups of Rhizoctonia solani. Annual Review of Phytopathology 25: 125 143. 17. Priyamojo A, Escopalao V E, Tangonan N G, Pascual C B, Suga H, Kageyama K and Hyakumachi M. 2001. Characterization of a new subgroup of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 1 (AG-1-ID), causal agent of a necrotic leaf spot on coffee. Phytopathology 91: 1054 1061.
17 1392 / / / 18. Sherwood R T. 1969. Morphology and physiology in four anastomosis groups of Thanatephorus cucumeris. Phytopathology 59: 1924 1929. 19. Shurtleff M C. 1992. Compendium of Corn Diseases. 2nd ed. New York: APS Press. 105 p. 20. Smiley R W, Dernoden P H and Clarke B B. 1992. Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases. 2nd ed. New York: APS Press. 21. Sneh B, Burpee L and Ogoshi A. 1991. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. New York: APS Press. 133 p. 22. Torabi M and Binesh H. 1984. Sheath blight disease of rice, study on causal organism, distribution and susceptibility of some rice cultivars in north provinces of Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 20: 21 35. 23. Vilgalys R and Cubeta M A. 1994. Molecular systematics and population biology of Rhizoctonia. Annual Review of the Phytopathology 32: 135 155.
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