Dr. Costas G. Gogos Distinguished Research Professor CBPE, New Jersey Institute of Technology Board of Trustees Chairman, the Polymer Processing Institute at NJIT A. Biographical Sketch Prof. Gogos received his undergraduate and graduate education at Princeton University, where he studied Polymer Engineering at the Princeton Plastics Laboratory, and the Chemical and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Departments, under the late Prof. Bryce Maxwell. He joined the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department of Stevens in 1965. In the decade following, the late Prof. Joseph A. Biesenberger and he established a renowned Polymer Engineering program at Stevens. During his 34 years at Stevens, he taught university and continuing education polymer engineering and science courses, and conducted research on polymer processing, flow-induced crystallization, injection and reactive injection mold filling, reactive polymer processing, applied rheology, and the study of solid and molten state rheological behavior phenomena taking place during extrusion polymer melting and mixing of blends to create micro-structured ( designerpellet ) polymer systems. Much of his research has been designed for and resulted in technology transfer of polymer systems processes and products. In 1979 he co-authored with Prof. Zehev Tadmor Principles of Polymer Processing, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979. The book served for a quarter century as the standard comprehensive text in the field, in both industry and the academe. Prof. Tadmor and Gogos wrote a 2 nd edition of the text, published in June 2006. The 2nd edition incorporates important new knowledge on the Elementary Steps of Processing, adding that of Devolatilization, and expanding the text by adding chapters on Twin-rotor Processing Equipment, Compounding, and Reactive Processing, needed for the elucidation of micro-structuring mechanisms in twin extrusion polymer processing equipment. Dr. Gogos was one of the co-founders of the Polymer Processing Institute (PPI) (1982), championed by the late Prof. Luigi Z. Pollara of Stevens. PPI has been a model Industry/Academe buffer, independent, not-for-profit industrial research organization serving the polymer industry worldwide. Previously he served PPI as President and Director of New Initiatives. He directed a large generic fundamental engineering research and technology transfer program sponsored by seventeen US and International Companies during the decade of 1989-1999. During the decade 1989-99 he led the Polymer Mixing Study, a large industrially co-sponsored study which was supported by as many as 19 US and International industrial sponsors. This model study was dedicated to the generation and transfer to its industrial sponsors fundamental knowledge on material response-based polymer distributive and dispersive mixing mechanisms, processes and laboratory and pilot scale mixing evaluator equipment for the in-line characterization of blend micro-structuring. 1
In 1999, after becoming Professor Emeritus of Stevens, he was appointed Distinguished Research Professor of Chemical Engineering at NJIT. At the same time the PPI laboratories and operations also moved from Stevens to NJIT. Here he is directing as the NJIT Principal Investigator, since 2004, the on-going large multi-disciplinary engineering research and development program in polymer/energetic particulate systems. The Advanced Cluster Energetics (ACE) program is a federally-funded NJIT/PPI program conducted in close collaboration with the Army Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) at Picatinny Arsenal, who are the beneficiaries of the technology transfer of innovative processes and products developed by the ACE program. In 2007 he initiated active research and collaboration with pharmaceutical firms in the emerging field of Hot Melt Extrusion of pharmaceutical products, working together with Profs. Xanthos and his ACE program colleague Peng Wang, who is since September 2010 Assistant Professor with dual appointments in the Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy School of the University of Rhode Island. Dr. Gogos is a Fellow of the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE), which has also honored him with: the 1999 Extrusion Division Distinguished Service Award, the 2002 Fred O. Conley Award for his contributions to Plastics Engineering/Technology, the 2005 SPE International Award, the highest honor the Society of Plastics Engineers bestows an SPE member annually, and finally the 2011 Extrusion Division Heinz Herrmann Award for his contributions to the advancement of the field of Twin Screw Extrusion. In 2007 Prof Gogos received the New Jersey R&D Council Educator of the Year Award. B. Curriculum Vitae Currently Distinguished Research Professor Department of Chemical Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 Tel: (973) 642-7365; Fax: (973) 642-4594; e-mail: <gogos@njit.edu> and The Polymer Processing Institute GITC Building, Suite 3901 New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 Tel: (973) 642-7365; Fax: (973) 642-4594; e-mail: gogos@polymers-ppi.org Education: B.S., Chemical Engineering, Princeton University (1961) M.S.E. Polymer Engineering, Princeton University (1962) M.A. Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University (1964) Ph.D. Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University (1965) Employment: New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ (1999 present) Distinguished Research Professor of Chemical Engineering 2
Principal Investigator, Advanced Cluster Energetics Program (2004 present) Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ (1964 present) Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering (1998 present) Director of International Program (1974 1992) Professor of Chemical Engineering (1973 1998) Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering (1970 1973) Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering (1964 1970) Polymer Processing Institute, Newark, NJ (1982 present) Co-founder and Member of Technical Board (1982 1989) Director of New Initiatives (1989 1995) President (1995 2001) President Emeritus, Head of the Technical Board and Trustee (2001 2004) Chairman of the Board of Trustees (2004-present) Research Interests: Polymer Processing, Applied Rheology; Extrusion; Injection Molding; Flow (stress) induced Crystallization; Melt Fracture; Reactive Processing; Mechanisms of the Following Elementary Steps of Polymer Processing: Particulate Solids Handling, Melting by Plastic Energy Dissipation of Compacted Particulates, and Distributive and Dispersive Mixing; Fluidized Bed Polymer Coating and UV-curing of Energetic Particulates; Simultaneous Milling, Coating, and Curing of Particulates Pre-coated with UV-curable Formulations in Fluid Energy Mills (FEM); Use of Extrusion of Poorly Water Soluble Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and Water-soluble Polymer Excipients in Pharmaceutical Oral Products Formulation Forced Laminar Convective Dissolution and Diffusional Mixing of APIs Professional Activities: Establishment of Polymer Engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology (with the late Prof. J.A. Biesenburger) 1964-1974. Co-author, with Prof. Zehev Tadmor (president Emeritus of Technion, Haifa, Israel) of Principles of Polymer Processing, Wiley-Interscience; still considered the classic text for the formulation of Polymer Processing, as an Engineering Science field; 2 nd Edition 2006 Establishment of Polymer Engineering (BS and MS) and Polymer Technology Curricula Departments for the Algerian Petroleum Institute (1974 1983). - Chairman of the Academic Steering Committee of the Universities Consortium: Akron, Case Western Reserve, U Mass-Lowell, NJIT, University of Wisconsin and Stevens Institute of Technology - Resident Academic Director responsible for 120 faculty and 1500 students (1980 1983). Co-founder (with the late Prof. Luigi Z. Pollara and the late Prof. J.A. Biesenberger) of the Polymer Processing Institute (PPI) at Stevens in 1982. PPI is the premier US not-for-profit independent university affiliated institute for industrial research and technology, now headquartered at NJIT since 1999, with extensive polymer processing and characterization laboratory facilities. Currently it is involved in collaborative, and often large multi-year, research programs with the US Department of Defense, industry and NJIT. 3
Strong Involvement in Teaching and Curricular Design of Continuing Education Courses with the Plastics Institute of America (PIA) and PPI (1967-1997). The Polymer Mixing Study (PMS) at PPI. Directed a large generic fundamental engineering research and technology transfer program sponsored by seventeen US and International Companies during the decade of 1989-1999. The study generated and transferred to its industrial sponsors: (a) original fundamental knowledge on rheology-based polymer blend (both miscible and compatibilized) mixing mechanisms, (b) specific technology developments on polymer dispersive and distributive mixing processes and equipment, and (c) novel small scale mixing and melting element evaluators still used in industrial and two foreign university polymer engineering labs. Co-organizer of the 13 th International Meeting of the Polymer Processing Society, held at PPI, June 10-13, 1997 and attended by 450 international polymer processing professionals. Co-organizer of the invited international workshop Touchstones of Modern Polymer Processing- from Classical Processing to Macromolecular Process Science, May 10-12, 2002, NJIT/PPI, Newark, NJ. NJIT Principal Investigator of the multi-year (2004 present) Advanced Cluster Energetics (ACE) federally funded Research and Development program carried out collaboratively between NJIT, PPI and the Army Research, Development, and Engineering Center (ARDEC) at Picatinny Arsenal. The ACE program is based on an original concept for a net-shape manufacturing process for producing products composed of highly concentrated, locally, and product-wide uniformly and stoichiometrically distributed energetic particulates, bound by polymeric binders without using the legacy processes of laminar mixing and melt pour. The ACE process consists of the following unit operations: (a) clustering, coating and solventless LED UV curing of energetic particulates of different sizes and/or composition, in specially designed Fluidized Bed Coaters and Fluid Energy Mills (b) packing of the energetic product container with clustered particulates, (c) infusion (followed by curing) of polymerizable monomer or pre-polymer low viscosity liquid formulations. During the period 2004 2007 the ACE unit operations and equipment were developed at NJIT/PPI using laboratory scale equipment and inert particulate simulants. From 2006 2009, in close collaboration with ARDEC, the laboratory processes were scaled-up, and pilot-size equipment was designed, purchased, or fabricated at the NJIT Center of Manufacturing Systems (CMS), and the equipment was installed at the newly created ARDEC ACE remotely operated and controlled Pilot Production Facility. During this period the ACE ARDEC pilot processes, equipment, and standard operating procedures (SOP) for the processing of energetic particulates were reviewed by the ARDEC Safety and Hazards Analysis committee, receiving full approval by mid-2010. In 2009 pilot equipment of the novel process of Simultaneous In-situ Milling and Coating of Pre-coated Large Particulates was developed and transferred to BAE Holston Army Ammunitions Plant (HAAP), Holston TN. BAE HAAP are the sole manufacturers of RDX for the DOD triservices. The ACE process was successfully carried out with pre-coated RDX Class-I particulates to produce micron-size coated RDX-V. This Pilot scale result holds the promise of de-bottlenecking a number of manufacturing processes at BAE HAAP, with very large cost savings for the US government. 4
Currently the ACE NJIT/PPI staff is working closely with ARDEC on: (a) refining and applying the ACE net shape manufacturing to energetic Burster Tubes, (b) expanding the simultaneous in-situ milling and coating process of pre-coated energetic particulates to include the LED UV-curing of coating layer of the milled particulates, in a specially designed Tandem FEM, (c) developing an ACE offshoot process of developing celluloid beads suitable for manufacturing lightweight, robust, combustible containers for energetic products, through an Expanded Cellulose Bead process and pilot equipment under development, and (d) developing civilian dual technology coated/clustered particulates applications for pharmaceutical (see section on Hot Melt Extrusion below), smart polymer additives, agricultural, cosmetics, as well as pyrotechnic products. During its seven years of the ACE program: (a) Total NJIT funding has been $12.811M, (b) Every year an average of four PhD RAs have been fully supported by ACE, (c) Four fully supported ACE PhD RAs have received their PhD degrees, with another to defend September 2011, and two more May 2012, (d) Two NJIT patent applications on the ACE Stoichiometric Clustering, and the UV-Fluidized Bed Coat Curing processes, and four patent applications by ARDEC: (i) one on the process of Simultaneous In-situ Milling and Coating of Pre-coated Particulates, and (ii) three on foamed celluloid and foamed celluloid products. Finally, this past September, Dr. Peng Wang, who served in the ACE program, very actively, as a Senior Polymer Research Engineer for three and one-half years, was appointed by the University of Rhode Island Assistant Professor jointly in the Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Pharmacy. Establishment in 2007 of the NJIT/PPI research initiative and activity for fundamental study and engineering development of the nascent science and technology of Pharmaceutical Hot Melt Extrusion (HME), which holds the potential producing oral pharmaceutical dosages, where very poorly water soluble Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) are molecularly dissolved in a water soluble polymer excipient, and thus, are readily bio-available. In HME processes such poorly water soluble APIs (most often in the form of high temperature sensitive crystalline fine particulates) are fed in an extruder together with the water soluble polymer excipient, which when melted by the extruder forms the continuous matrix for the suspended API particulates. While in that state, usually at processing temperatures around 100 C above ambient, and aided by the increased solubility of the API in the excipient, increased diffusivity, and efficient laminar flows, which promote forced convective mass transfer and mixing, the suspended API particulates may dissolve completely in the molten excipient. Upon exiting the extruder and quenching of the produced dosage, if the API remains dissolved, then it forms, in the pharmaceutical parlance, a solid API solution. A pharmaceutical product thus made, when administered orally will have the water soluble excipient dissolve, either in the stomach or the intestinal tract, making the molecularly dissolved API molecules bioavailable. In 2008 Dr. Peng Wang and Prof. Marino Xanthos and I formed the informal but, since its inception, very active and productive Center for the Study and Development of HME. In 2009 a three year NSF GOALI Grant was awarded to NJIT, with Prof. Xanthos as the PI and Dr. Wang and I as the Co-PIs. The pharmaceutical industrial 5
Grant research partner was Wyeth, now Pfizer, which acquired Wyeth in 2010. Total three year NSF funding for the GOALI Grant is $340,000. From 2007 to today the HME Center research effort has accomplished the following: (a) two PhD students with HME-related theses obtained their degrees in 2010, one TA supported by the CBPE department, and the other RA supported by ACE (Dual civilian technology) (b) three PhD RAs, one supported by the NSF GOALI Grant, and two supported by ACE (c) Purchase of the Leistritz Pharmaceutical Nano 16mm Twin Screw Extruder capable of processing very small amounts of formulations, available to the pharmaceutical and excipient industries (d) Organization of two special sessions on HME at the 2010 and 2011 SPE ANTEC meetings (e) Four peer-reviewed journal publications, one in press, and one submitted in the last three years. Twelve conference presentations (f) Collaborative industrial projects with: Merck, Schering Plough and Wyeth, before their respective merges, Evonik, Colorcon, and BASF. Selected and Recent Publications as the Corresponding Author: 1. C. G. Gogos, C. F. Huang and L. T. Schmidt, The Process of Cavity Filling Including the Fountain Flow in Injection Molding, Polym. Eng. Sci., 26, 1457-1466 (1986). 2. C. G. Gogos, J. A. Biesenberger, P. Hold, D. M. Kalyon, and Z. Tadmor, Polymer Processing: An Overview, Chem. Eng. Prog., 33-58, June (1987). 3. A. D. Gotsis, D. M. Kalyon, U. Yilmazer, and C. G. Gogos, Development of Experimental Techniques and Simulation Method to Analyze Mixing in Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruders, Adv. Polym. Tech., 8, (4), 191 (1988). 4. D. M. Kalyon, C. G. Gogos, and U. Yilmazer, Mat Formation and Unstable Flows of Highly Filled Suspensions in Capillaries and Continuous Processors, Polym. Composites, 10, 695 (1989). 5. M. Xanthos, D. W. Yu, and C. G. Gogos, Peroxide Modified Polyolefin Blends - Part I - Effects on LDPE/PP Blends with Components of Initial Viscosities, Adv. Polym. Tech., 10, 163-172 (1990). 6. C. G. Gogos, S. H. Ryu, and M. Xanthos, Melting Behavior of Controlled Rheology Polypropylene, Polymer, 32, 2449 (1991). 7. C. G. Gogos, S. H. Ryu, and M. Xanthos, Parameters Affecting Process Efficiency of Peroxide-Initiated Controlled Degradation of Polypropylene, Adv. Polym. Tech.., 11, 121-131 (1991-1992). 8. C. G. Gogos and S. Bhakuni, An On-Line Slit Rheometer for Measurement of Rheological Properties of Doughs, in Applied Food Extrusion Science, J. Kokini, C. G. Ho, and M. Karwe (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., 255-261 (1992). 9. C. G. Gogos, M. Xanthos, and D. W. Yu, Peroxide Modified Polyolefin Blends - Part II Effects on LDPE/PP Blends with Polymer Components of Dissimilar Initial Viscosities, Adv. Polym. Tech., 12, 295-304 (1992). 6
10. C. G. Gogos, M. Xanthos, and D. W. Yu, LDPE/PP Blends Modified by Peroxide and Radiation-Induced Reactions, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 52, 99 (1994). 11. M. Esseghir, C. Gogos, D-W Yu, D. Todd and B. David, A Comparative Study on the Performance of Three Single-Screw Elements in Melt-melt Mixing of Immiscible Blends, Adv. Polym. Tech., 18, 1-18 (1998). 12. C.G. Gogos, Z.Tadmor and M-H Kim Melting Phenomena and Mechanisms in Polymer Processing Equipment Adv. Polymer Tech. 18 (4), 285-305 (1998). 13. A.A. Adewole, A. Denicola, C.G. Gogos, and L. Mascia Compatibilization of Polypropylene-Polystyrene Blends: Part 2, Crystallization Behavior and Mechanical Properties Adv. Polymer Tech. 19 (3), 180-193 (2000). 14. B. Qian and C.G. Gogos The Importance of Plastic Energy Dissipation (PED) to the Heating and Melting of Polymer Particulates in Intermeshing Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders Adv. Polymer Tech. 19:4, 287-299 (2000). 15. C. Chandavasu, K.K. Sirkar, M. Xanthos and C.G. Gogos Preparation of Microporous Films from Immiscible Blends via Melt Processing SPE ANTEC Preprints, 46 (2000); Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting, 16, 288-300 (2001). 16. M. Yamaguchi and C.G. Gogos Quantitative Relation Between Shear History and Rheological Properties of LDPE, Adv. Polym. Tech., 20, 261 (2001) 17. M. Yamaguchi, D, B. Todd, and C. G. Gogos Strain Hardening Behavior in Elongational Viscosity for Linear and Cross-linked Polymer Blends, Polymeric Materials:Science and Engineering,85 (2001) 18. C. Chandavasu, M. Xanthos, K.K. Sirkar and C.G. Gogos Polypropylene Blends with Potential as Materials for Microporous Membranes Formed by Melt Processing, Polymer, 43, 781 (2002). 19. M. Xanthos, C. Chandavasu, K. K. Sirkar and C.G. Gogos Melt Processed Microporous Films of Compatibilized Immiscible Blends with Potential as Membranes, Polym. Eng. Sci., 42 (4), 810-825 (2002) 20. C. G. Gogos and B. Qian Plastic Energy Dissipation During Compressive Deformation of Individual Polymer Pellets and Polymer particulate Assemblies, Adv. Poly. Tech., 21, 287 (2002) 21. M. Yamaguchi, H. Miyata, V. Tan and C. G. Gogos Relation Between Molecular Structure and Flow Instability for Ethylene/alpha olefin Copolymers, Polymer, 43, 5249 (2002) 22. M. Yamaguchi, D. B. Todd and C. G. Gogos Rheological Properties of LDPE Processed by Conventional Processing Equipment, Adv. Polym. Proc., 22 (3), 1-9 (2003) 23. C. Chandavasu, M. Xanthos, K. K. Sirkar and C. G. Gogos Fabrication of Microporous Polymeric Membranes by Melt Processing of immiscible Blends, J. Membrane Sci., 211, 167-175 (2003) 24. B. Qian, D. B. Todd and C. G. Gogos Plastic Energy Dissipation and its Role on the Heating/Melting of Single Component Polymers and Multi-component Polymer Blends, Adv. Polym. Tech., 22, 85 (2003) 25. R. Potluri, D. B. Todd and C. G. Gogos Mixing Immiscible Polymer Blends in an Intermeshing Counter-rotating Twin Screw Extruder, Adv. Polym. Tech., 25, 81-89 (2006) 26. J. Feng, L. Zhu, C. Lu, V. Tan, Q. Zhang, S. H Patel, M.-W. Young and C. G. Gogos UVcuring of Acrylic Thin Films onto Al2O3 Particles via Free Radical Polymerization, Adv. Polym. Tech., 26, 272 (2007) 7
27. J. Feng, L. Zhu, S. Teng, M.-W. Young and C. G. Gogos A New Fluidized Bed Coating Process via Photo-initiated Cationic Polymerization, Polym. Eng. Sc., 49 (6), 1107-1116 (2009) 28. P. Wang, S. Teng, Q. Zhang, M.-W. Young and C. G. Gogos A Novel Process for the Simultaneous Milling and Coating of Particulates, Powder Technology193 (1) 64-68 (2009) 29. S. Teng, P. Wang, L. Zhu, and C. G. Gogos Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Laboratory Scale Fluid Energy Mill, Powder Technology 195 (1), 33-39 (2009) 30. Q. Zhang, J. Yang, S. Teng, R. N. Dave, L. Zhu, P. Wang, M.- W. Young and C. G. Gogos In-situ, Simultaneous Milling and Coating of Particulates with Nano-particles, Powder Technology 196 (3), 292-297 (2009) 31. S. Teng, P. Wang, L. Zhu, M. Y. Young, and C. G. Gogos Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Energy Milling Based on a Stochastic Approach, Chemical Engineering Science, 65 (15), 4323-4331 (2010) 32. Q. Zhang, P. Wang, S. Teng, Q. Zheng, L. Zhu, and C. G. Gogos Simultaneous Milling and Coating Inorganic Particulates with Polymeric Coating Materials Using a Fluid Energy Mill, Polym. Eng. Sci., 50 (12), 2366-2374 (2010). 33. H. Liu, P. Wang, X. Zhang, F. Shen, and C. G. Gogos. Effects of Extrusion Process Parameters on the Dissolution Behavior of Indomethacin in Eudragit E PO Solid Dispersions, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 383, 161-169 (2010) 34. M. Yang, P. Wang, C. Huang, S. M. Ku, H. Liu, and Gogos, C. G. Solid Dispersion of Acetaminophen and Poly(ethylene oxide) Prepared by Hot-Melt Extrusion, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 395 (1-2), 53-61 (2010). 35. M. Yang, P. Wang, H. Liu, and C. G. Gogos, Determination of Acetaminophen s Solubility in Poly(ethylene oxide) by Rheological, Thermal and Microscopic Methods, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, (2011), 403 (1-2), 83-89(2011 36. S. Teng, P. Wang, Q. Zhang, and C. G. Gogos, Analysis of Fluid Energy Mill by Gas-solid Two Phase Flow Simulation, Powder Technology, 208 (3), 684-693 (2011). 37. H. Liu, Q. Yu, R. Pfeffer, and C. G, Gogos Mixing and Packing of Particulates of Different Sizes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50, 198-206 (2011) 38. H. Liu, P. Wang, M. Xanthos, X. Zhang, F. Shen and C. G. Gogos Effects of Extrusion Process Parameters on the Dissolution Behavior of Indomethacin in Eutragit E PO Solid Dispersions, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 383, 161-169 (2010) 39. H. Suwardie, P. Wang, D. B. Todd, V. Panchal, M. Yang and C. G. Gogos Rheological Study of the Mixture of Acetaminophen and poly(ethylene oxide) for Hot Melt Extrusion Applications, Eur. J. Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceurics, 78, 506-512 (2011). 40. H. Liu, L. Zhu, P. Wang, X. Zhang, and C. G. Gogos Effects of Screw Configuration on the Dissolution Behavior of Indomethacin in Eudragit E PO Solid Dispersions, Advance in Polymer Technology (In press) 41. M. Yang, P. Wang, H. Suwardie, and C. G. Gogos Determination of Acetaminophen s Solubility in PEO by Rheological, Thermal, and Microcopy Methods, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 403, 83-89 (2011) 42. G. Terife, P. Wang, N. Faridi, and C. G. Gogos Hot Melt Extrusion and Foaming in Soluplus and Indomethacin (in on-line preview) 8
Books: 1. Zehev Tadmor and Costas G. Gogos Principles of Polymer Processing Wiley Interscience, New York 1979 2. Zehev Tadmor and Costas G. Gogos Principles of Polymer Processing 2 nd Edition, Wiley Interscience, New York 2006 Book Chapters: 1. K. S. Hyun, Costas G. Gogos and Myung-Ho Kim: Chapter 5 Extrusion Technology for Manufacturing Polymer Blends in Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends Vol. 2, Processing, First Edition, Avraam I. Issayev, Ed., Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011 2. C. G. Gogos, H. Liu and P. Wang, Laminar Dispersive and Distributive Mixing with Dissolution and Applications to Hot Melt Extrusion in Hot Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications, D. Douroumis, Ed., (In press, to be published Summer 2012) Graduate Advisees: Current NJIT PhD students- CBPE: Min Yang, expected to defend September 2011, Qian Zheng, expected to graduate May 2012; Physics: Graciela Terife, expected to graduate May 2012 Graduated (Ph.D.) Stevens 1967-2000. P.N. Britton Jr. 1967, I. Duvdevani 1970, K. Madonia 1971, J. L. Berger 1972, P. C. Wu 1973, C. Y Chang, 1974, C. F. Huang 1974, V. Tan 1975, J. D. Domine 1976, R. S. Prizgintas-Rounds 1982, M. Abbaoui 1987, J. Shen 1989, D.-W. Yu (with M. Xanthos) 1991, S. H. Ryu (with M. Xanthos) 1991, B.Y. Lee (with D. H Sebastian) 1997, J. Grenci (with M. Xanthos) 1998, S.H. Kim 1998, M.-H. Kim 1999, M.-W. Young 2000. NJIT CBPE: Shuli Teng 2009, Qi Zhang 2009, Huiju Liu 2010, Min Yang 2011, and Qian Zheng 2012. Additionally: Advisor to forty three Masters with Thesis students. 9