nx. Dvon o h n wh In h sn o ul sk h n o h x shl u o nnng y h m s s h ol ouon s h num o ssus s h oo nom x s h sonl nom x n s h v x on quy whh s wgh vg o vn n l gns x s. In hs s h o sonl nom xs on h x shl s oos o h o oo nom xs. h sonl x n omlly os y holng onsn n h ng hngs n oh n qul. lnvly w my n sl omnon o unqul mouns o hng n n so h h s omlly os. y ons n h sn o ul sk h n o h x shl o h m usng s S s [ s ] { [ ] G } s h umulv ul oly n G wh 3 [ h ] [ h ] 4 s s s [ q ] [ q ] G h h q n q s n n 7 n s ssg m nsy m s. h unonl oms o n G s s s h s sml o hos n o von o quon s Sk 99 gg 99 n nnng n Sg 997.
Lln n o 996 v Hson 99 n Runsn n Rn 99. mjo n s h sonl x s m n hs ms. Sn s y ony n l gns xs h n unon now ns on oh x s n govnmn x s uon ul. In on o h x shl oh l gns n ony nom x s oh ms n h n quy vlu unons s 8 n 9 low whh ulmly nlun h l suu. o sky on ul my ou ny on wn n. Whn ohs nny q q n us o S 5 Whn h m gos nku h quy hol vs x qul o h l loss ms h l gns loss x. h sn vlu o hs R s s G s R lm 6 wh s s qul o α. hus h ol x n h s R S h 7 h ol m vlu W s hn h W β 8 Sn D W ollows h
3 D β 9. Dvon o Ω Susung n 4 no 6 yls { } G G 3 Ω G G 3 3 wh n G s n l s 5 n 6 n h ms ; ; α ; α ; ρ α ρ α 3 ; G α I n shown h n n n n G G 3
4. h Inv o Dul n Psonl xs In hs son w show h h s n nv o ul n sonl xs on yl ss whh s gnlly osv n nsng wh ul sk. hs nng onss wh oo n Dvynko 3. Dno h o-x vlu o sky s. Un h quvln mngl msu Γ wh s h ouon s h umulv s ssg m ul oly s o m o n h s s sns h nmnl s ssg m ul oly ov m nvl s h nl s m o muy n ρ Γ s h ovy vlu ul. ssumng h ony nom n l gns x s oh qul o w hv h x vlu Γ Γ Γ wh ] [ nos h sum o h soun sh lows on h gh s. Susung no gvs. 3
5 h sul shows h h x-l mum n s om h o-x vlu sonl nom n l gns x s nl. h x s n xss s ln > x y. 4 Unlk oo n Dvynko 3 h x s s no nnn o ul sk. s shown h nomno nvolvs h mullv ms o xs n ul oly nng h xsn o h nv wn sonl xs n ul sk. onvsly h l gns x s only on o h ony nom x.. α wh < < α s sul n h un x os w hv Γ Γ Γ Γ Γ α α α 5 wh Γ α s n onl m nvolvng oh sonl xs n ul sk. I α hn n 5 us o 3 wh h x s n o ou. Howv < < α h nv m s non-o n w n no long omlly s ou h x s s n oo n Dvynko 3. Sml o Lln n o 996 h on s n ou mol. Gvn hs onon h ovy vlu s lss hn h on < Γ whh s ylly h s w hv < Γ α 6
h nquly n 6 suggss h h x-ul non xs ngv osv on on s. h solu mgnu o h nv m [ ] s sly nsng unon o oh sonl x n ul sk. D. lon o h Mol h uos o lon s o nsu h h ul oly n vg loss us n h mol o lul ss l h ul ul. W hoos h gs o lon: ul oly quy sk mum n ovy o. h ou o h lon s s ollows. In h s s w nu h g ovy o no h mol n hoos n nl m vlu n ss volly. s on hs ms h mol gns h oml lvg l o n oh vls nlung h vlus o D quy ouon nl P yl s n h m vlu W. In h son s w us h mol-n oml lvg l o n g quy sk mum o lul ss sk mum. s on h MM mol o quy un w v h ollowng oxmon omul o lnk h ss sk mum o h osv quy sk mum : 3 lo D l lo l o o D wh s h x ss un s h sk s h oo nom x n D s h os o l whh quls / o on. In h h s w us h ss mum h nl ss volly sm gvn n h s s n quon 5 o mn h umulv ul oly. nlly w hk whh hs mol-n ul oly s onssn wh h hsol ul. I no w s h s s wh n nl vlus n hs W hoos n nl vlu o ss volly h mls vlu o quy un volly o ou 3% nnully. 3 o xml s ly n Mys 996. 536. h oxmon oms om ng h x shl s nnn om ul sk. 6
oss unl h mol-ml ul s los o h hsol ul oly. lhough w no s g vlu o ss volly h ss volly ml y h mol l o h sl ul n quy sk mum gs s qu onssn wh vous ml sms. h n o lon ll g ms mh n h suu o h mol s sv. W on h -y on o h o 973-993 om Hung n Hung 3. hs nlu ss on -y nvsmn g ons s on h Lhmn on nx om 973-993 n hsol junk on yl ss o y ou lmn n ynn 998. h ul quns w s on Mooy s os o h o 973-998 n h quy mum ws s on gsson sms y hn 988. 4 n n Kln 998 n om Hlwg n Hung 3 n h h oss o nnl sss lkly n h ng o 5 o n o h gong onn vlus. ho w s h g vlu o h ovy 8 n o h m vlu ul. W lso us ovy o 85 n n oun h h suls no mlly n. In on w oun h h omn o h mol s no snsv o h ho o ns n you ms on h mol s l o mh hsol ul. Ou suls show h h l mol vn whou xs gns vy sonl ss om o vous nngs n os no ou xssvly hgh ss s n om l. 3. 4 s no y Hung n Hung 3 h h m o o hsol yl s shon y v ys o nsu h oh ul quny n yl ss o on h sm s o ons. 7