Practicaluseof standardmeteorolo gicalinstruments indomesticmeteorolo gical observationnetworks Satoshi HAGIYA Meteorolo gicalinst rumentcenter WMO/RegionalInst rumentcentre (RIC) Tsukuba JapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA) 20Mar.2018 Website:http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/ric/RIC_HP.html Email:ric-tsukuba@met.kishou.go.jp
Outlineofpresentation Observation networ kofjma AMeDAS Traceabilit yofmeteorolo gicalinstru mentsinjapan Maint enanceoffieldinstru ments Overhaulandinspection/calibrationo fiel dinst ruments atmeteorologicalinst rumentcenter(mic) Siteinspection/calibrationo fiel dinst ruments
ObservationnetworkofJMA AMeDAS (AutomatedMeteorolo gicaldataacquisitionsystem) MannedMeteorolo gicalobservatory 61 SpecialAutomaticWeatherStation 95 AutomaticWeatherStation 773 AutomaticPrecipitationGaugeStation361 About 1,3 0 Stations Stationsarelocatedataverageintervalsof17km. Sapporo Sendai Fukuoka Tokyo Naha Osaka Minamidaito Jima <Observationelement> -Precipitation(Allstations) -Airtemperature,Winddirection/speed andsunshineduration (about840stations) -Snow Chichi depth(about320stations) Jima Minamitori Shima
ObservationnetworkofJMA AMeDAS MannedObservatory& SpecialAutomaticWeatherStation SurfaceWeatherObservationSystem (JMA-10type) Combined Wind Vane and Propeller Anemometer Pyranometer Sunshine Recorder Snow Depth Gauge Thermometer Hygrometer Precipitation Gauge Rain Sensor Visibility Meter (Only AWS) Barometer Data Converter & Processing Unit
ObservationnetworkofJMA AMeDAS AutomaticWeatherStation/AutomaticPrecipitationGaugeStation Sunshine Recorder Combined Wind Vane and Propeller Anemometer Thermometer AutomaticWeatherStation Precipitation Gauge
Traceabili tyofmeteorologicalinstrumentsinjapan BIPM InternationalStandard (SIunit) NMIJ NationalPrimaryStandard (NationalMetrologyInstit uteof Japan) Nationalmeteorologicalstandard (JMAstandard) JMA Workingstandards (JMAsub-standard) Workinginstruments (Observationsites) JMAisaccreditedtoISO/IEC1702 5 Temperature Humidity Pressure InJapan,theMeteorologicalServiceActrequiresallmeteorologicalinstruments usedforpublictomeetcertaintechnicalandperformancestandards.
Measurement standards traceable to national standards Accredited Laboratory* Traceability of Temperature (JMA) JMA Standard Working Standard Field Instruments (JMA) Observatory (JMA) 20 Mar. 2018 Temperature fixed points Indium point (156.5985 C) Mercury point (-38.8344 C) Water triple point (0.01 C) Platinum resistance thermometer NSR-160 (Netsushin, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-600 (ASL, UK) Water triple-point cell (0.01 C) Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK) Platinum resistance thermometer : at the time of installation Standard resistor (100 Ω) : every year NSR-160 every 2 years Water triple-point cell Standard resistor Standard resistor (100 Ω) Check: every 6 months Using water triple-point cell : every year : every 5 years Check: every 3 months (manned observatory) every year (automatic weather station) Tolerable range: ±0.4 C Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Mercury-in-glass thermometer (psychrometer) Platinum resistance thermometer (psychrometer) *AccordingtotheMeasurementActin Japan,JMAstandard cannotbedirectlycalibratedtothenationalstandard. Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK) Under transition
Traceability of Humidity (JMA) 20 Mar. 2018 National Primary Standard JMA Standard Working Standard Field Instruments National Metrology Institute of Japan (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Standard humidity generator set Chilled-mirror dew point hygrometer Hygrometer (display) DewStar S-1M-0 (Shinyei technology, Japan) Chilled-mirror dew point hygrometer Hygrometer (controller) Hygro M2 (General Eastern, USA) Electronic hygrometer : every year Hygrometer (sensor) DewStar S-2S-0K (Shinyei technology, Japan) Hygrometer (sensor) D2 (General Eastern, USA) Filter change: Every 6 months Check: every 3 months (manned observatory) every year (automatic weather station) : every year Tolerable range: ±4% Aspirated psychrometer Lithium chloride dew-point hygrometer Check: at the time of installation JMA Standard of thermometer Mercury-in-glass thermometer (psychrometer)
Traceability of Pressure (JMA) 20 Mar. 2018 National Primary Standard Working Standard JMA Standard Working Standard Field Instruments (Traveling Standard) National Metrology Institute of Japan (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Mercury U-tube barometer using interferometer Air piston gauge Air piston gauge AV-02 (Futaba Sokki, Japan) Weights (Futaba Sokki, Japan) Digital barometer resonator barometer PTB220 (Vaisala, Finland) RPM4 (DHI, USA) F-452 (Yokogawa, Japan) Digital barometer PTB330, PTB220 (Vaisala, Finland) Digital barometer PTB330, PTB220 (Vaisala, Finland) : every 3 years : every year : every year : every year (surface observatory) : every 2 years (aviation observatory )
Traceability of Precipitation (JMA) 20 Mar. 2018 National Primary Standard Working Standard Working Standard Field Instruments National Metrology Institute of Japan Japan Quality Assurance Organization Meteorological Instrument Center (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Prototype of the kilogram Standard weight Burette 1571ml Burette (Yoshino-keisoku, Japan) Rain gauge (tipping bucket type) : every 10 years Inspection:every 5 years
Traceability of Solar Radiation (JMA) 20 Mar. 2018 National Primary Standard JMA Standard Working Standard Field Instruments Atmospheric Environment Division (JMA) (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Absolute radiometer (WMO RAII Standard) (National Primary Standard) Pyranometer Pyranometer CMP-22 (Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands) Comparison (To check the accuracy routinely out of doors) MS-802F (EKO, Japan) PMO-6 A-HF Pyranometer CMP-22 (Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands) : every year : every year : every 5 years
Traceability of Sunshine Duration (JMA) 20 Mar. 2018 National Primary Standard JMA Standard Working Standard Field Instruments Atmospheric Environment Division (JMA) (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Absolute radiometer (WMO RAII Standard) (National Primary Standard) Pyrheliometer Sunshine recorder Rotating mirror sunshine recorder MS-093A, MS-094 (EKO, Japan) Sunshine recorder Rotating mirror sunshine recorder MS-093A, MS-094 (EKO, Japan) CH-1 (Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands) PMO-6 A-HF : every 3 years : every 3 years : every 5 years
Traceability of Wind Speed (JMA) 20 Mar. 2018 National Primary Standard JMA Standard Working Standard Field Instruments National Metrology Institute of Japan (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Laser Doppler velocimeter calibrated by turning table, wind tunnel, Tow carriage : every 2 years 0-20m/s Ultrasonic anemometer DA-700 (Sonic, Japan) 20-90m/s Pitot tube F-202 (Rika seiki, Japan), Differential pressure gauge MT210 (2sets) (YOKOGAWA, Japan) 0-30m/s Ultrasonic current meter DA-470 (Sonic, Japan) 30-90m/s Differential pressure gauge DPI145 (GEsensingjapan, Japan) Check: every month Propeller anemometer : at the time of installation Relational table between wind speed and rotation frequency of the propeller anemometer Check: every 5 years Meteorological Instrument Center (JMA) Ultrasonic anemometer DA-700 (Sonic, Japan) Ultrasonic current meter DA-470 (Sonic, Japan) Inspection equipment of propeller anemometer Check: every year Pitot tube F-202(Rika seiki, Japan), Differential pressure gauge MT210 (2sets) (YOKOGAWA, Japan) Differential pressure gauge DPI145 (GEsensingj apan, Japan) Traceable to National standard (Time) Digital tachometer : every 2 years
Maintenanceoffiel dinst ruments MannedObservatory SpecialAWS Overhauland Inspection/calibration atmic: Every5years. MICinspectsabout1,600units ofinst rumentperyear. AutomaticWeatherStation AutomaticPrecipitation GaugeStation Inst ruments Anemometers Raingauges Pyranometers Sunsh inerecorders MeteorologicalInstrument Center(Tsukuba) Maintenanceatfieldsite MannedObservatory,SpecialAWS:Every3 months AWS:Onceortwiceinayear
Maintenanceoffiel dinst ruments Overhaulandinspection/calibrationo fiel dinst rumentsatmic Overhaul Replacementofdeterio rated/damagedparts Adjust ment Inspection/calibration: every5years Anemometers Raingauges Pyranometers Sunsh inerecorders Inspection/calibration Checking: whethertheinst rumentalerror concerned iswithinaspecifiedrangeornot incomparisonwithstandardinst ruments. Standardinst rumentsfo raingauges
Maintenanceoffiel dinst ruments Overhaulandinspection/calibrationo fiel dinst rumentsatmic Overhaulandinspectionforaingauge Replacementofdeteriorated/damagedparts Adjust ment Inspection
Maintenanceoffiel dinst ruments Siteinspection/calibrationo fiel dinst ruments Maintenanceandinspectionatfiel dsite Clean? Arethereanyspiderwebs? Isthegaugeinstalledhorizontally? Doesthebuckettipproperly? Doestheheaterworkproperly? Isthereanydamage? PrecipitationGauge Doesthepropellerrespondproperlytowinds? Anemometer Isthefanworkingproperly? Isthereanyrustordirtinsidetheshelter? Isthereanydamagetothesensors? Thermometer,hygrometer&Shelter JMAregularlymaintainsAWSinordertokeepthequalityofobservationdata.
Maintenanceoffiel dinst ruments Siteinspection/calibrationo fiel dinst ruments Siteinspectionforthermometer/hygrometer (Mannedobservatory&SpecialAWS) Platinum resistance thermometer /Electronic hygrometer Check (Every3months ) Aspiratedpsychrometer Assmanntype(JMAuses) Platinum resistance thermometer (psychrometer)
Maintenanceoffiel dinst ruments Siteinspection/calibrationo fiel dinst ruments Sitecalibrationforbarometer(Mannedobservatory&SpecialAWS) bycomparingwithtraveli ngstandardatfiel dsite everyyearorevery2years. <Mannedobservatory&SpecialAWS> <MIC> Working standard Workingstandard (Travelingstandard) Travelingstandard Fieldinst rument Samelevel:Thesensorsofthesetwobarometers. <Mannedobservatory&SpecialAWS>
Summary JMAkeepsthetraceabili tyofmeteorologicalinstruments. ofstandardsatmic. offieldinstrumentsatmic(beforeinstaling). JMAmaintainsthefieldinstruments. Overhaulandcalibration/inspectionatMICevery5years. Siteinspection/calibrationwithtravelingstandard. ItisimportantthatNMHSskeepthetraceabili tyof meteorologicalinstrumentsandmaintainthefield instrumentstoassurethequalityofobservationdata. Thankyouforyourattention!