Chapter 31, 10 th edition Q1.Fungi are organisms. ( Concept 31.1) A) mixotrophic B) chemoautotrophic C) photoheterotrophic D) photoautotrophic E) chemoheterotrophic Q2. fungi absorb nutrients from living organisms.( Concept 31.1) A) Parasitic B) Mutualistic C) Decomposer D) The first and second responses are both correct. E) All of the listed responses are correct. Q3.There is a fungus in Oregon that covers 890,965 hectares! The bulk of this fungus is most likely. ( Concept 31.1) A) haustoria B) reproductive structures C) mycelia D) sporangia E) pathogenic Q4.In fungi, the function of the mycelium is. ( Concept 31.1) The Answer is : A A) obtaining food B) movement C) defense D) dispersal to distant habitats E) surviving a period of food shortage
Q5.Fungi that consist of a continuous mass containing hundreds or thousands of nuclei are known as. ( Concept 31.1) A) imperfect fungi B) septate C) dikaryotic D) chytrids E) coenocytic Q6.Parasitic fungi possess hyphae that are modified to penetrate and absorb nutrients from host tissue. Such modified hyphae are called. ( Concept 31.1) A) basidiocarps B) haustoria C) mycorrhizae D) asci E) septa Q7.You can buy mycorrhizal fungus to add to soil when you plant trees and other plants. Why would you want to do this? ( Concept 31.1) A) Mycorrhizal fungi prevent transposons from accumulating in plant cells. B) Mycorrhizal fungi prey on nematodes in the soil. C) Mycorrhizal fungi live in plant leaves and produce toxins that discourage herbivores. D) Mycorrhizal fungi assist plants in the absorption of essential nutrients. E) Mycorrhizal fungi produce carbohydrates needed by plants. Q8.The cell walls of fungal cells are composed of. ( Concept 31.1) A) peptidoglycan B) pectin C) lignin D) chitin E) cellulose
Q9.Which choice below generally represents the correct order of events in fungal sexual reproduction? ( Concept 31.2) A) germination, meiosis, karyogamy, plasmogamy B) plasmogamy, meiosis, germination, karyogamy C) meiosis, plasmogamy, karyogamy, germination D) karyogamy, meiosis, plasmogamy, germination E) plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis, germination Q10.Which of the following statements about fungi is/are true? ( Concept 31.2) A) Spores germinate and then mitotically divide to form a mycelium. B) The dominant stage of the life cycle is usually haploid. C) Many species obtain their nutrients from decaying organic matter. D) The haploid nuclei of dikaryotic hyphal cells fuse to form a diploid zygote. E) All of the listed responses are correct. Q11.What role do pheromones play in fungal sexual reproduction? ( Concept 31.2) A) Pheromones allow the hyphae of two distinct mycelia to follow each other as they grow. B) Fungi use these chemical signals to determine whether a potential sexual partner is of a suitable mating type. C) After plasmogamy, pheromones cause the haploid nuclei from each parent to exchange genes. D) Pheromones initiate the production of spores in molds. E) Pheromones initiate zygotes to form during karyogamy. Q12.Hyphae with two nuclei per cell are called. ( Concept 31.2) A) heterozygotic B) diploid C) dikaryotic D) multicellular E) prokaryotic
Q13.During what stage of fungal reproduction are diploid cells produced? ( Concept 31.2) A) binary fission B) meiosis C) dikaryotic stage D) karyogamy E) plasmogamy Q14.Fungal species are assigned to particular phyla based on. ( Concept 31.2) A) whether they produce sexually or asexually B) their mode of nutrition C) their type of motility D) whether they are mutualistic or parasitic E) the type of sexual structure they form Q15.Which feature below is unique to chytrids? ( Concept 31.4) A) conidia (asexual spores) B) cell walls made of chitin C) soredia D) zoospores (flagellated spores) E) asci (spore-producing sacs) Q16.Which statement below about zygosporangia is/are true? ( Concept 31.4) A) They are resistant to freezing and drying. B) They are metabolically inactive. C) They are multinucleate formations. D) They are produced through plasmogamy. E) All of the listed responses are correct.
Q17.What is the major feature of glomeromycetes? ( Concept 31.4) A) the containment of millions of photosynthetic microorganisms in their hyphae B) ascocarps C) soredia D) arbuscules E) mycorrhizae Q18.An ascus is. ( Concept 31.4) A) a cup-shaped structure containing many spore-producing cells on the gill of a mushroom B) a club-shaped cell with spores on its outer surface C) an asexual spore-producing structure on a stalk D) a saclike structure containing spores E) the sexual structure of chytrids Q19.The asexual spores produced by members of the phylum Ascomycota are called. ( Concept 31.4) A) asci B) mycorrhizae C) conidia D) lichens E) mushrooms Q20.The mushroom in a basidiomycete life cycle serves the same function as the in the ascomycete life cycle, which is to. ( Concept 31.4) A) dikaryon... store a food reserve B) conidium... supply the rest of the fungus with chitin monomers C) ascocarp... scatter sexually produced spores D) plasmodium... form gametes E) zygosporangium... produce sexual spores
Q21.While hiking through a forest, you discover a fungus growing on the remains of a decaying tree trunk. You hypothesize that it is a basidiomycete fungus because it resembles a mushroom in shape and size. If your logic is correct, microscopic analysis of the tissue found in the stalk of this fungus will reveal the presence of. ( Concept 31.4) A) dikaryotic cells with haploid nuclei B) dikaryotic cells with diploid nuclei C) monokaryotic cells with a haploid nucleus D) monokaryotic cells with diploid nuclei E) more than one of the cell types listed Q22.Fungi in the phylum Basidiomycota are the most important decomposers of wood because of their ability to break down. ( Concept 31.4) A) cellulose B) opisthokonts C) jet fuel D) lignin E) Mycorrhizae Q23.What is the importance of the extended dikaryotic stage in the life cycles of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes? ( Concept 31.4) A) It allows for the formation of more hyphae. B) It increases the surface area for the production of basidiospores. C) It allows for the formation of more conidia. D) It keeps transposons from accumulating in fungal cells. E) It allows for more genetic recombination. Q24.Where and when does fertilization occur in the mushroom life cycle? ( Concept 31.4) A) underground, as a mycelium begins to spread B) in a mushroom, when eggs and sperm meet C) on the surface of the ground, when a basidiospore germinates D) in a mushroom, when the nuclei of a dikaryotic cell fuse E) underground, when the hyphae of different mating types fuse
Q25.Lichens are. ( Concept 31.5) A) used to produce blue cheese B) the sexual stage of deuteromycetes C) predatory fungi D) symbiotic associations of photosynthesizers and fungi E) mutualistic associations of fungi and plant roots Q26.Lichens are important pioneers in areas that have been burned by fires or destroyed by lava flows because. ( Concept 31.5) A) they take up excess nitrogen B) they are important in the initial stages of soil formation C) they thrive on acid rain D) they release chemicals that maintain the surfaces of the underlying substratum E) All of the listed responses are correct. Q27.A dramatic example of the pathogenicity of certain fungi is the dramatic decrease of the American chestnut tree by. ( Concept 31.5) A) a shelf fungus B) a rust C) an ascomycete D) ergots E) truffles Q28.Two of the most common mycoses (fungal infections) in humans are. ( Concept 31.5) The Answer is : A A) athlete's foot and Candida (yeast) infections B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium C) rusts and smuts D) ergots and rusts E) chytrids and coccidiodomycosis
Q29.All fungi are : A) symbiotic. B) heterotrophic. C) flagellated. D) decomposers. Q30.Which of the following cells or structures are associated with asexual reproduction in fungi? A) ascospores B) basidiospores C) zygosporangia D) conidiophores E) ascocarps Q31.The closest relatives of fungi are thought to be the The Answer is : A A) animals. B) vascular plants. C) mosses. D) slime molds. Q32.The most important adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is : A) the ability to form haustoria and parasitize other organisms. B) the potential to inhabit almost all terrestrial habitats. C) the increased chance of contact between mating types. D) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition.