Poceedn of he 6h WSEAS Inenaonal Confeence on Smulaon Modelln and Opmzaon Lbon Poual Sepembe -4 6 48 Roo Powe Feedback Conol of Wnd Tubne Syem wh Doubly-Fed Inducon Geneao J. Smajo Faculy of Eleccal Enneen Mechancal Enneen and Naval Achecue Unvey n Spl Rudjea Bokovca bb Spl CROATIA Abac: The pape deal wh a new yem of wnd ubne acve powe veco conol. The aleady famla cacade eulaon wh nenal veco componen feedback of oo cuen and exenal acve and eacve powe feedback conol of wnd ubne ha been appled. A new upaodnaed oo acve powe feedback conol a he ame deemnn he ao acve powe efeence of he doubly-fed nducon eneao (DFIG) powe ha been noduced. By noducn a oo acve powe feedback conol no he wnd ubne acve powe veco conol he powe n he oo ccu a well a loe n he eneao col ae condeably educed boh n he aonay and dynamc opeaon mode. Wnd ubne acve powe dynamc feaue wh and whou oo acve powe feedback conol n DFIG veco conol yem have alo been exploed and dcued. Key-Wod: Doubly-Fed Inducon Geneao veco conol DFIG oo powe eulao mulaon Inoducon Vaable peed wnd ubne fed wh a DFIG conneced o he elecc d ae nowaday nceanly ann n mpoance due o he oal auomac conol of boh acve and eacve powe oupu. Acve and eacve DFIG conol yem con of wo conol ub-yem [5]: wo emconduco powe convee one on he oo de and one on he d de. Boh convee yem employ he DFIG acve and eacve powe veco conol. The oo cuen veco dvded no wo componen: one conolln he manec flux and he ohe conolln he eneao elecomanec momen. Mechancal powe obaned fom he wnd ubne conveed no elecc powe by he DFIG and mpaed o he d houh he eneao ao and oo. In h neceay o make up fo he loe n ao and oo coppe col (on loe a well a he one caued by fcon and venlaon have no been condeed n h pape). The wnd ubne powe dbuon beween he DFIG ao and oo depend on he wnd ubne conol yem acve powe efeence [3]. The DFIG can opeae n boh he upeynchonou and he ub-ynchonou opeaon mode and he DFIG can mpa powe o he d o ake powe fom wh nceaed loe n he eneao coppe col. The wnd ubne powe conol yem hould enue a conveon of wnd ubne mechancal powe no he wnd ubne elecc powe mpaed o he d wh a mnmum oo powe n boh aonay and dynamc vaable peed wnd ubne opeaon mode. By noducn a oo acve powe feedback conol no he ucue of he DFIG wnd ubne acve powe veco conol yem a mnmum acve powe n he oo ccu and he back-o-back convee enued. The upaodnaed oo acve powe feedback conol a he ame me ac a he DFIG ao acve powe efeence n all aonay and dynamc wnd ubne opeaon mode. The wnd ubne veco conol ucue a peened n h pape povde a elable conveon of he wnd ubne mechancal powe no he DFIG elecc powe wh a mnmum acve powe n he oo ccu a well a mnmum loe n he eneao col. Th confuaon of he DFIG veco conol paculaly ued o a wnd ubne expoed o ponounced wnd peed chane. DFIG Wnd Tubne Conol Syem Bac Confuaon A ypcal DFIG wnd ubne confuaon con of an nducon wound eneao wh he ao col conneced o he hee-phae d and he oo col conneced o he d by mean of a back-o-back em conduco powe convee [6]. A funconal block daam of an acve and eacve powe wnd ubne conol yem fed wh he DFIG and a back-o back convee conneced o he elecc d hown n F..
Poceedn of he 6h WSEAS Inenaonal Confeence on Smulaon Modelln and Opmzaon Lbon Poual Sepembe -4 6 49 The ucue of he wnd ubne acve and eacve powe conol yem ha been eolved by applyn a known nducon machne veco conol baed on a double-ax heoy of elecc moo. The oo-de convee veco conol yem make ue of he alned o ao manec flux veco coodnae yem whle he d-de convee eulaon yem employ he d volae veco. Wnd ubne p Doubly fed Inducon eneao p p a Elecc d 3 Wnd Tubne Dynamc Model A wnd ubne mahemacal model uually conan he follown elemen epeenn bac funconal componen (F.): he wnd ubne aeodynamc model he wnd ubne dve an model he model of he DFIG nducon eneao fed wh a back-o-back convee n he oo ccu elec d model and he wnd ubne conol yem model. Tubne oo model m ω Mechancal haf model ω ω m ω Geneao dve model u abc Wnd ubne conol yem mabc u mabc a î abc Elecc d model m ω Geabox m ω ω mk = ω abc DFIG } u abc abc abc F.. Block daam of he dynamc model of a wnd ubne conneced o he elecc d p a p p an Acve oo powe conol p a p Cuen conol abc d Acve and eacve powe conol u abc q a abc u abc û dc u dc Cuen conol abc d u abc F.. Wnd ubne conol yem wh DFIG The ole of he DFIG o conve he wnd ubne mechancal powe p no he elecc powe p mpaed o he d. The oo acve powe can be mpaed o he d ( > ) o aken fom by he eneao ( equal o zeo ( efeence p a < ) o he DFIG oo powe may be = ). The ao acve powe deemne he dbuon of he wnd ubne powe p o ao p and oo acve powe epecvely [3]. By noducn a oo acve powe feedback no he DFIG veco conol ucue an auomac eneaon of he equed efeence obaned heeby enun a mnmum oo acve powe n boh aonay and dynamc eneao opeaon mode. In aonay opeaon mode he oo powe equal zeo ( = ) and he elecc powe mpaed o he d equal he ao powe ( p = p ) a. a p a Th pape pmaly concened wh explon he effec of oo powe eulaon whn he DFIG wnd ubne veco conol yem. Smulaon have been un fo he fxed elecc d and he known mean value of wnd peed. The complexy of he wnd ubne dynamc model ha been dened n accodance wh he am of h eeach. Wnd ubne dynamc mulaon have been un fo wnd ep chane. The chaacec feaue of he dependence of he wnd ubne powe upon he wnd peed ha been lluaed n F. 3 (he nomnal powe ben MW) []. P [kw] 5 5 5-5 5 5 5 [m/] F. 3. Sac chaacec of wnd ubne mechancal powe a a funcon of mean wnd peed P Fo a ven wnd peed he wnd ubne powe p and he momen m = p / ω ae obaned he lae epeenn an npu value no he mahemacal wo-ma model dve an (F.). Two-ma haf yem model In h pape a known dynamc wnd ubne and eneao wo-ma dve an model have been choen [3]. The dffeenal equaon dynamc model yem coeffcen ae a follow: wnd ubne nea; J
Poceedn of he 6h WSEAS Inenaonal Confeence on Smulaon Modelln and Opmzaon Lbon Poual Sepembe -4 6 5 J nducon eneao nea; haf dampn coeffcen; ffne coeffcen; and ao. mk K v D v Model npu value ae a follow: wnd ubne wnd ubne haf eabox anmon wnd peed by mean of whch baed on he ac chaacec a hown n F. 3 he wnd ubne powe obaned; m wnd ubne oque and m nducon eneao elecomanec momen obaned fom he DFIG dynamc model. Wnd ubne dynamc model au vaable a he ame me epeenn he model oupu value ae a follow: ϑ wnd ubne oo anle; ϑ eneao oo anle: ω wnd ubne oaonal peed; ω eneao oo oaonal peed. The wnd ubne dve an model nclude he nea of he wnd ubne eneao and eabox connecn he wo oan haf. The common equaon of he ubne and eneao haf mechancal moon connec he dve an yem dynamc model o ha of he DFIG. Doubly-fed nducon eneao dynamc model Inducon machne dynamc opeaon mode have been decbed by mean of a yem of volae dffeenal equaon fo he ao and oo col epecvely. The DFIG mahemacal model expeed n un value and αβ coodnae yem ae a follow [34]: α k = ψ α ψ α uα d T T ae: k = ψ ψ β u β d T T () α k α ψ α ωψ β u α d T T β k ωψ α ψ β uβ d T T Roo and ao feed volae veco componen u = u a u = 3 u = u a u = 3 α ( u u ) β b c α ( u u ) β b c. () The ao and oo cuen veco componen expeed by mean of he known manec flux componen ae a follow: k α α ψ α L L k ψ β L L k α = ψ α ψ α L L β k = ψ ψ β. L L (3) The eneao elecomanec momen a he ame me epeenn he npu value of he wnd ubne wo-ma model : m ψ. (4) e α α The follown ae he paamee a occun n he equaon fom () o (3) : L m Lm L = σl L = σl σ = k = L L L Lm L L k = T = and T =. L R R The nducon eneao ao acve and eacve powe momenay value obaned by mulplyn he ao volae veco by conjuaedcomplex value of he ao cuen veco a lluaed below: p = u u (5) p a α α α α = u u. (6) The DFIG oo acve powe momenay value may be calculaed n a mla way: p = u u. (7) a α α β β The momenay value of he oo eacve powe equal zeo. The momenay value of he nducon eneao ao and oo cuen may be obaned fom he αβ coodnae yem componen by mean of he follown equaon: = α =. α β Inpu value of volae equaon yem () epeeen he componen of he ao feed volae veco u αβ and oo feed veco u αβ wheea he au vaable ben a he ame me he yem oupu value ac a ao and oo flux veco. The oupu value ae epeened by he eneao (8) 3
Poceedn of he 6h WSEAS Inenaonal Confeence on Smulaon Modelln and Opmzaon Lbon Poual Sepembe -4 6 5 elecomanec flux ao and oo powe a well a ao and oo cuen veco componen. 4 Wnd Tubne Acve and Reacve Powe Conol Syem The veco eulaon of he wnd ubne acve and eacve powe enued by he eulaon of he DFIG acve and eacve powe. The DFIG acve and eacve powe veco conol yem (F.) employ he follown coodnae yem: - nducon eneao modelled n he αβ coodnae yem whch n elaon o he abc coodnae yem and ll; - he oo-de convee modelled n he dq coodnae yem lnked o he ao manec flux veco. The mulaon a un n h pape efe o he DC-lnk fxed volae ouce heefoe he mahemacal model of he d-de convee ha no been peened. The ucual block daam of he DFIG acve and eacve powe veco conol yem fed wh he oo powe feedback conol ha been lluaed n F. 4. By noducn a oo acve powe feedback conol no he ucue of wnd ubne acve powe DFIG veco conol he powe n he oo ccu condeably educed and alo he loe n he eneao col n boh aonay and dynamc opeaon mode a dffeen wnd peed. By choon he zeo efeence of he oo acve powe eulaon ( = ) h veco conol yem enable he ubne acve powe o be conveed no he DFIG ao acve powe wh a mnmum acve powe n he back-o-back convee oo ccu. 5. Smulaon Reul Smulaon fo wnd ep chane = 9[ m / ] a he momen = 6[ ] and = 4[ m / ] a he momen = 5[ ] have been un whn he eeach a peened n h pape (F.5). Fue 6. 7. and 8. lluae me epone of he eneao oo oaonal peed ω ao acve powe oo acve powe pa loe n he ao and oo col p ao cuen veco value oo cuen veco value a well a he DFIG ao eacve powe. Tme epone mulaon have been un wh epec o he ao acve powe efeence p a =. [ pu] ao eacve powe efeence p =. and he oo acve powe efeence p a =.. The calculaon have been done by mean of he paamee peann o he wnd ubne and nducon eneao of MW powe a qoued n he efeence [3]. p a Cu p ω ψ q ω ψ d DC-lnk u dc p a p p a K p K K pp K p K pp K p d q K p K K p K u d u q e j ϑ ψ ϑ ( ϑ ϑ) ψ u α u β PWM a a î d î q e j ( ϑ ϑ) ψ î α î β αβ abc a b c ϑ ψ n ϑ ψ coϑ ψ ϑ DFIG Emaon flux of ao αβ u αβ αβ abc abc u abc ψˆ d ψˆ q Elecc d F. 4. Acve and eacve powe veco conol yem of DFIG wh oo powe feedback conol 4
Poceedn of he 6h WSEAS Inenaonal Confeence on Smulaon Modelln and Opmzaon Lbon Poual Sepembe -4 6 5 5 ω..8 [m/] 5.6.5 F.5. Wnd peed me dependence ω p a p Cu p..8.6.4.5 -.5 - -.5.8.4 -.4 -.8.. -. -..5.5.5.5 -.5.5.5 -.5 F.6. Tme epone whou he oo acve powe eulaon p a p Cu p -.5 - -.5.. -. -... -. -..5.5.5.5 -.5.5.5 -.5 F.7. Tme epone wh he oo acve powe eulaon; K =. =.. p K Smulaon of he veco conol me epone whou he oo acve powe eulaon ha been hown n F. 6 wheea Fue 7. and 8. lluae he me epone wh he oo acve powe eulaon. The oo acve powe eulaon paamee a hown n F.7. ae equal o he ao powe eulaon n he DFIG cacade eulaon mode ( K = K =. ). All he phycal value peened n h fue dplay a ponounced anonal phenomenon. By choon he oo acve powe eulaon K = and K =. 5 me epone wh p condeably bee ndcao of eulaon qualy ae p 5
Poceedn of he 6h WSEAS Inenaonal Confeence on Smulaon Modelln and Opmzaon Lbon Poual Sepembe -4 6 53 obaned a hown n F.8. Tanonal phenomena of elecc value ae condeably hoe heeby enden he ene DFIG wnd ubne yem moe adjuable o udden wnd ep chane. The DFIG veco conol yem fed wh oo acve powe eulaon follow he powe obaned fom he wnd ubne eadle of he ven ao acve powe efeence. ω p a p Cu p..8.6.5 -.5 - -.5.5.5 -.5 -.5.. -. -..5.5.5.5 -.5.5.5 -.5 F.8. Tme epone wh he oo acve powe eulaon; K =. =. 5. p K 6 Concluon A new confuaon of wnd ubne acve powe veco conolled yem ha been peened and dcued n h pape. A oo acve powe feedback conol ha been ncopoaed no he DFIG wnd ubne veco conol yem heeby enun a mnmum powe n he oo ccu fo boh he aonay and dynamc wnd ubne opeaon mode. The DFIG veco conol yem fed wh oo powe eulaon follow he wnd ubne mechancal powe eadle of he ven ao acve powe efeence and vaable wnd peed. Th confuaon of DFIG veco conol ha poved o be paculaly uable whle opean n condon of wnd ep chane. The oo acve powe feedback conol povde an opon of condeably educed powe of back-o back convee n he oo ccu. Reul of mulaon of DFIG veco conol yem wh and whou oo acve powe feedback conol have been compaed clealy ndcan ha by choon he oo acve powe eulaon paamee me epone wh a condeably hoe anonal phenomenon ae obaned. Fuhemoe he DFIG wnd ubne powe veco conol yem ha poved o be moe adjuable o mode of opeaon nvolvn wnd ep chane. Refeence: [] Anca H. D. Iov F. Soenon P. Blaabje F. : Oveall conol aey of vaable peed doubly fed nducon eneao wnd ubne Nodc Wnd Powe Confeence Chalme Unvey of Technoloy Mach 4. [] Akhmaov V. : Analy od dnamc behavo of elecc powe yem wh lae amoun of wnd powe PhD The Elecc Powe Enneen Øed-DTU Techncal Unvey of Denmak K. Lynby Denmak Apl 3. [3] Smajo J. Smajo M. Vukadnovc D.: Impac of Refeence Value of Wnd Tubne Acve Powe o he Dbuon of Doubly-Fed Inducon Geneao Powe WSEAS Tanacon on Syem 5. Januay 6. [4] Kaue P.C.: Analy of Elecc Machney New Yok McGaw-Hll 994. [5] Poe F. Machmoum M. Le Doeuff R. Zam M.E.: Conol of a doubly-fed nducon eneao fo wnd eney conveon yem hp://www.ee.uq.edu.au/~aupec/aupec/6_% POITIERS%_AUPEC%pape% eved.pdf [6] Tou S. Zhe C. Blaabje F.: Tanen Sably of DFIG Wnd Tubne a an Exenal Sho-ccu Faul WIND ENERGY Auu 5. 6