Emission Limb sounders (MIPAS) Bruno Carli ENVISAT ATMOSPHERIC PACKAGE MIPAS Michelson Interferometric Passive Atmospheric Sounder GOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars SCIAMACHY Scanning Imaging Absorption spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography ENVISAT Data Assimilation Summer school SCIAMACHY - ESRIN, 18-29 August 2003 MIPAS GOMOS 1
MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. FT 2
MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. Spectral range: 685-2410 cm -1, λ = 14.6 4.15 µm Spectral resolution 0,025 cm -1 unapodized Spectral resolution FWHM 0.035 cm -1 Vibrational spectra of molecules MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. Spontaneous thermal emission (blackbody) of the atmosphere Continuous (day and night) measurements are possible 3
MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. In a limb view the line of sight (LOS) penetrate the atmosphere down to a minimum altitude (tangent altitude) and exits again to space. A typical limb sequence is made of a set of measurements made with different tangent altitudes (typically 3 km increments). MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. Limb measurements are selectively sensitive to the atmospheric composition at tangent altitude. The vertical distribution of atmospheric constituents can be retrieved from a limb sequence of measured spectra. 4
MIPAS Functional Description Front End Optics (FEO) Telescope Elevation Scan Unit Azimuth Scan Unit Baseplate 5
Interferometer (INT) Beamsplitter Corner Cube Interferometer characteristics Cooled instrument Optical compensation of alignment errors Double sided interferograms Double input and double output 6
Spectral Performance: Instrument Line Shape (ILS) 1,2 1 0,8 measured ILS simulated ILS 0,6 Relative Units 0,4 0,2 0 2090,10048 2090,22548 2090,35048 2090,47548 2090,60048 2090,72548 2090,85048 2090,97548-0,2-0,4 Wavenumber [cm-1] Detector characteristics HgCdTe detectors Four detectors for each output of the interferometer The full band coverage is attained with five channels 7
Radiometric Performance: NESR 0 (Noise Equivalent Spectral radiance) 1,00E-07 A AB Requirement Simulation Hot B Measurement Hot Simulation Cold Measurement Cold NESR 1,00E-08 C D 1,00E-09 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 Wavenumber 8
O MIPAS on ENVISAT 9
MIPAS Observation Principle MIPAS measurement scenario (nominal mode) Characteristics: sweep duration: 4.45 s (full resolution) sweeps per limb seq.: 17 (68km, 60km, 52km, 47km, (42 6) km in 3 km steps # limb seq. per orbit: ~ 75 (deep space cal. every 5 sequences) azimuth scan range: ~ +/-15 0 rearward geometries: global coverage, poles visible 10
MIPAS measurement scenario MIPAS coverage in one orbit 11
MIPAS coverage in one day MIPAS coverage in three days 12
ESA-ESRIN, Frascati, Rome, Italy Ozone vertical distribution as a function of latitude and longitude 10 5 0 ppm 12 h -135-110 -160 116 141 166 measurements -85-60 -35 66 91 16 41-9 long long long 3D global ozone distribution 10 88- km 53 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 44 47 50 53 kmkm 5 0 ppm 13 18th 29th August 2003
MIPAS objectives Studies Atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric dynamics Climatology Applications Climate change Ozone losses MIPAS possible products MIPAS can simultaneously observe most molecular constituents of the Earth s atmosphere 14
MIPAS Near Real Time products Target species 120 110 O 3 H 2 O N O 2 NOO 2 CH 4 HNO 3 p,t 100 Thermosphere 90 Altitude [km] 80 70 60 50 40 30 O 3 layer Mesosphere Stratosphere 20 10 0 Troposphere Complementary ENVISAT measurements Species GOMOS MIPAS SCIA Species GOMOS MIPAS SCIA Aerosol Air density Clouds Pressure Temperature BrO CCl 4 CFC 11 CFC 12 CFC 22 CF4 CH4 ClO CLONO2 CO CO 2 C 2H 2 Clear colours: operational C 2H 6 HCHO HNO 3 HNO 4 HOCl H 2O H2O2 NO Shaded colours: further scientific targets GOMOS: Stratosph. MIPAS: upper Troposph. - lower Mesosphere SCIA:Troposph. - lower Mesosph. NO2 NO3 N2O N2O5 O2,O2*,(O2)2 O3 OCS OClO SO 2 15
MIPAS ESA products Level 0: Level 1B: raw data transmitted from the satellite fully calibrated, geo-located radiance spectra, annotation data (calibration data, algorithm settings, PCDs, ) Level 2: vertical profiles of p, T, O 3, H 2 O, CH 4, N 2 O, NO 2 & HNO 3, profile variance/covariance data, annotation data 16
Preliminary L2 Performances Results of orbit #504 retrievals Temperature [K] Altitude [km] Orbital coordinate [deg] 17
Preliminary L2 Performances VMR (ppmv) Results of orbit #504 retrievals Water vapour Ozone N 2 O Altitude [km] CH 4 HNO 3 NO 2 Orbital coordinate [deg] Annual variations 5 April 2002 24 July 2002 23 September 2002 12 December 2002 14 March 2003 27 March 2003 18
# 504 5 April 2002 Temperature #2081 24 July 2002 #2953 23 Sept.2002 # 4098 12 December 2002 #5415 14 March 2003 #5601 27 March 2003 H2O # 504 5 April 2002 #2081 24 July 2002 #2953 23 Sept.2002 # 4098 12 December 2002 #5415 14 March 2003 #5601 27 March 2003 19
O3 #504 5 April 2002 #2081 24 July 2002 #2953 23 Sept.2002 # 4098 12 December 2002 #5415 14 March 2003 #5601 27 March 2003 HNO3 #504 5 April 2002 #2081 24 July 2002 #2953 23 Sept.2002 # 4098 12 December 2002 #5415 14 March 2003 #5601 27 March 2003 20
CH4 #504 5 April 2002 #2081 24 July 2002 #2953 23 Sept.2002 # 4098 12 December 2002 #5415 14 March 2003 #5601 27 March 2003 N2O #504 5 April 2002 #2081 24 July 2002 #2953 23 Sept.2002 # 4098 12 December 2002 #5415 14 March 2003 #5601 27 March 2003 21
NO2 # 504 5 April 2002 #2081 24 July 2002 #2953 23 Sept.2002 # 4098 12 December 2002 #5415 14 March 2003 #5601 27 March 2003 22