Oxford Cambridge and RSA GCSE (9 1) Combined Science (Physics) A (Gateway Science) Paper 12, P4 P6 and CS7 (PAGs P1 P6) (Higher Tier) Year 11 Test Time allowed: 1 hour 10 minutes H You must have: a ruler (cm/mm) the Data Sheet for GCSE Combined Science A (Physics) You may use: a scientific or graphical calculator an HB pencil First name Last name Centre number Candidate number INSTRUCTIONS Use black ink. You may use an HB pencil for graphs and diagrams. Complete the boxes above with your name, centre number and candidate number. Answer all the questions. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be used if required but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s). INFORMATION The total mark for this paper is 60. The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ]. Quality of extended responses will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*). This document consists of 24 pages. DC (LEG/CB) 162438/3 OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over
2 SECTION A You should spend a maximum of 20 minutes on this section. Answer all the questions. 1 Look at the sentences about electromagnetic waves. Which sentence is correct? A B C D Gamma-rays have a lower frequency than X-rays. Gamma-rays have a longer wavelength than X-rays. Light waves are electromagnetic waves. Radio waves only cause oscillations in radio aerials. Your answer [1] 2 The table gives some information about energy resources. Renewable Non-renewable A Bio-fuel Gas B Gas Solar C Oil Nuclear D Solar Bio-fuel Which row of the table is correct? Your answer [1]
3 An isotope of oxygen has a mass number of 16 and an atomic number of 8. Which symbol is a different isotope of oxygen? 3 A 16 8 O B 8 16 O C 17 8 O D 8 17 O Your answer [1] 4 Some radioactive elements give out alpha particles. This changes the mass of the nucleus and the charge on the nucleus. Mass of the nucleus Charge on the nucleus A Decreases by 2 Increases by 4 B Decreases by 4 Decreases by 2 C Increases by 2 Increases by 4 D Increases by 4 Decreases by 2 Which row of the table is the correct change when an alpha particle is given out? Your answer [1] 5 Why are some atoms radioactive? A B C D They have a stable nucleus. They have a stable set of electron energy levels. They have an unstable nucleus. They have an unstable set of electron energy levels. Your answer [1] Turn over
6 A tumble dryer is connected incorrectly. The diagram shows how this tumble dryer is connected. 4 Metal case Switch Fuse (L) To neutral (N) M (N) To live (L) The neutral and live wires are connected in the wrong places. The earth wire is connected to the metal case. Tumble dryer works Tumble dryer is safe A No No B No Yes C Yes Yes D Yes No Which row of the table is correct? Your answer [1] 7 A 900 W microwave oven takes 10 minutes to cook a meal. Use the formula: energy transferred = power time Calculate the energy transferred by the microwave oven in kwh. A B C D 0.09 kwh 0.15 kwh 9 kwh 540 kwh Your answer [1]
8 The diagram shows a ray of light entering a glass block. 5 Normal Glass block What happens Reason A The ray bends away from the normal Light slows down in the glass block B The ray bends away from the normal Light speeds up in the glass block C The ray bends towards the normal Light slows down in the glass block D The ray bends towards the normal Light speeds up in the glass block Which row of the table is correct? Your answer [1] 9 A sample of rock contains uranium. The uranium decays to form lead. The pie chart shows the amount of uranium and lead in the rock after two half-lives. There was no lead in the rock initially. Key Uranium Lead A B C D Which pie chart is correct? Your answer [1] Turn over
10 The graph shows how a spring stretches when a force is applied. 5 6 4 Force (n) 3 2 1 0 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 Extension (m) Use the formula: energy transferred in stretching = 0.5 spring constant (extension) 2 Calculate the energy transferred when the spring stretches by 0.03 m. A B C D 0.0017 J 0.057 J 0.11 J 127 J Your answer [1]
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8 SECTION B Answer all the questions. 11 In 1911, Rutherford proposed a new theory about the structure of the atom. His theory was developed from experimental work by Geiger and Marsden. (a) They directed high speed alpha particles towards a very thin piece of gold foil. Alpha source Path of alpha particles Thin gold foil Detector for alpha particles (i) Suggest why the gold foil must be very thin.... [1] (ii) The path of some of the alpha particles is changed by the nuclei of the gold atoms in the gold foil. Results from the experiment showed that the nuclei of the gold atoms are positively charged and not negatively charged. The arrow on each diagram shows the direction an alpha particle moves as it comes near to a gold nucleus. One nucleus is shown positive, the other is shown negative. Complete each diagram to show the path an alpha particle would take as it gets closer to each gold nucleus. If nucleus is positive (+) If nucleus is negative ( ) Alpha particle Alpha particle Gold nucleus Gold nucleus [2]
9 (b) A teacher says an alpha particle is a fully ionised helium atom. Explain what the term ionised means....... [1] (c) A student thinks the gold foil is contaminated by the alpha particles. Is the student correct? Explain your answer.......... [1] Turn over
10 12 This question is about waves. (a) Two boys are looking at a leaf floating on a pond. Boy A drops stones in the water to make water waves. Boy B makes sound waves by shouting across the pond. Boy A Boy B (i) Describe the types of waves that boy A and boy B make. Use ideas about transverse and longitudinal waves.... [2] (ii) Boy A says the wave travels, not the water. Describe some evidence to show that boy A is correct.... [1] (b) Gamma rays can be used to treat brain tumours. Care is taken to focus the X-ray beams on the tumour and make the exposure time short. Explain why.......... [2]
(c) The graph shows how the frequency of X-ray waves changes with wavelength. 11 8.0 7.0 6.0 Frequency (10 18 Hz) 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Wavelength (10 10 m) (i) What trend does the graph show?... [1] (ii) Use the graph and the formula: wave speed = frequency wavelength Calculate the speed of X-rays with a wavelength of 0.60 10 10 m. Answer =...m/s [3] Turn over
12 13 This question is about energy resources in the UK in the years 2012 and 2016. (a) In 2012, approximately 12% of electricity was generated using renewable sources. In 2016, approximately 25% of electricity was generated using renewable sources. The use of renewable energy sources has increased. Suggest two reasons why. 1...... 2...... [2] (b) The reserve to production ratio (or RPR) for an energy resource is given by the formula RPR = amount of resource remaining amount used per year (i) RPR is used for non-renewable energy resources. What information does RPR give scientists about an energy resource?... [2] (ii) A website states the RPR for coal in the world is over 110 years. Suggest why this value may be inaccurate.... [2]
13 14 This question is about work, energy transfer and efficiency. A catapult is used to throw a ball vertically upwards into the air. The ball moves in the direction shown by the arrow. Catapult Rubber band Ball The catapult uses a stretched rubber band to transfer energy to the ball. Complete the boxes below to show the type of energy store for the catapult and the ball. Just before catapult releases the ball Type of energy store When ball reaches greatest height Type of energy store............ [2] Turn over
15* Energy from waves and tides can be used to produce electricity. The information below is from a magazine. 14 The magazine refers to two types of power plant: The HS1000 Tidal Power turbine (Fig. 2.1) The Oyster800 Wave Energy Converter (Fig. 2.2). HS1000 Tidal Power turbine Rotor blades made from composite air sea Generator Iron rotorhub Steel supports Fig. 2.1 Oyster800 Wave Energy Converter Hinged flap made from steel and composite material Power conversion plant houses turbine and generator Water piston pumps water to shore High pressure flow line Composite pipe lined with stainless steel Fig. 2.2
The magazine article includes some additional information on power generation. 15 Comparison of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electricity production using different energy resources Greenhouse gas emissions in g CO 2 / kwh of electricity 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 HS1000 Oyster800 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 Greenhouse 0.8 gas 0.7 emissions 0.6 in kg CO 2 / kwh 0.5 of electricity 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Coal power station Gas power station Fig. 2.3 Fig. 2.4 Key direct emissions, i.e. from burning indirect emissions Graph to show the production of particulate matter (particle size up to 10 μm in diameter) by power generation systems Transport Construction End of life Key HS100 Oyster800 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 Particulate matter in g / kwh of electricity produced Fig. 2.5 Turn over
16 The magazine s headline says: Wave and tidal energy technologies are greener methods of generating electricity that will reduce climate change and global warming, but there may be other unknown environmental effects. Use your own knowledge and the information provided on pages 14 and 15 to discuss the magazine headline..................................... [6]
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16 A science teacher carries out two different experiments, A and B, using her car. (a) In experiment A the teacher drives her car along a road outside a school. 18 The teacher records the velocity of the car at two points along the road using the speedometer. The students measure the distance between these two points. 45 m 13 m / s 2 m / s Use the formula: (final velocity) 2 (initial velocity) 2 = 2 acceleration distance Calculate the deceleration of the car. Answer =... m / s 2 [2] (b) In experiment B the teacher drives her car along the same road outside the school. The teacher records the velocity of the car at the same two points along the road. The students measure the time taken between these two points using stopwatches. Time taken = 6.9 s 14 m / s 2 m / s Use the formula: acceleration = change in velocity / time Calculate the deceleration of the car. Answer =... m / s 2 [2]
19 (c) (i) A student suggests that the distance measurement in experiment A can be made more accurately than the time measurements in experiment B. Give reasons to support the student s suggestion.... [2] (ii) Describe how the time measurement in experiment B can be made more accurately.... [2] (d) At the end of the road, the teacher applies the brakes to stop the car. The car has 11 000 J of kinetic energy before she applies the brakes. The car stops in 2.1 m. Calculate the braking force acting on the car. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. Answer =... N [3] Turn over
17 An electric shower contains a pump and heater unit to produce a fast flow of hot water. (a) This electric shower head has a flow rate of 8 litres of water in 1 minute. There are 1000 cm 3 in 1 litre. 20 (i) Calculate the flow rate of water in cm 3 / s. (ii) The density of water is 0.997 g / cm 3. Answer =... cm 3 / s [2] Show the mass of water flowing through the shower in 1 second is 0.133 kg. (iii) The water leaves the shower head at a speed of 4.2 m / s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the water. [3] Answer =... J [3]
(b) The house owner decides to replace the shower head with a new model. 21 The new model has 6 light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs switch on to produce light when water flows through a generator in the shower head. Shower head LED The diagram shows the inside of the new shower head. Holes to let water through Axle connected to generator Wheel Water in The water turns the wheel when it flows through the shower head. The house owner says the shower head is like a hydroelectric power station. Explain whether the shower head is a good comparison to a hydroelectric power station................ [3] END OF QUESTION PAPER
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