Passwords ScienceVocabulary Life Science
To the Student Mitochondria. Xylem. Chromosome. Sometimes it seems that scientists speak a language all their own. Passwords: Science Vocabulary will help you learn the words you need to do well in science. The lessons in this book are about science topics you will be studying. Those topics come from three main areas of science: Life Science, Earth Science, and Physical Science. Every lesson focuses on ten words that will help you understand the science topic. The lessons include a reading selection that uses all ten vocabulary words. Four practice activities follow the reading selection. Using each vocabulary word many times will help you remember the word and its meaning. A writing activity ends the lesson. You will use the vocabulary words you have learned to write an eyewitness account, a narrative, an informational article, a descriptive essay. If you need help with a vocabulary word as you do the activities, use the Glossary at the back of the book. The Glossary defines each word and shows you the correct way to pronounce the word. It also has pictures to help you understand the meaning of difficult words. As you work on the lessons, you may learn other science words besides the vocabulary words. Keep track of those other words in My Science Vocabulary on pages 94 98. Turn to pages 99 and 100 to learn about roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Find out how they can help you understand science words. Soon you ll be talking and writing just like a scientist! Developers: Joan Krensky and Maureen Devine Sotoohi Product Development and Design: Chameleon Publishing Services Written by Barbara Klemetti Mindell Illustrated by Leslie Alfred McGrath Photo Credits: Getty Images: Front Cover Shutterstock.com: p. 4 Milos Luzanin; p. 11 (top) Andrew Kerr, (middle) EcoPrint, (bottom) Klaus Rainer Krieger; p. 16 (left) Ilya D. Gridnev, (right) Daniel Guajardo; p. 23 Ilya D. Gridnev; p. 29 Karen Struthers; p. 35 Scott Kapich; p. 41 (left) Adrian T. Jones, (middle) Yanik Chauvin, (right) David Mee; p. 46 (middle) Roger Devenish Jones, (bottom) Ron Kacmarcik; p. 70 (left) Pam Burley, (middle) Denis Pepin, (right) Wei Chen; p. 83 Pétur Ásgeirsson; p. 89 (top) Nick Rowntree, (bottom) Andre Gascoigne; p. 101 Fernando Rodrigues; p. 105 (left) Taolmor, (right) Ivaschenko Roman; p. 106 (left) Adam Borkowski, (right) Alex James Bramwell; p. 109 Xavier Marchant; p. 111 Robert Hoehne; p. 112 Jeffrey Van Daele NBII Digital Image Library: p. 46 John J. Mosesso Art Credit: Peter Bull Art Studio: p. 17 (top) Susan Hawk: pp. 82, 83 ISBN 978-0-7609-4303-8 2007 Curriculum Associates, Inc. North Billerica, MA 01862 No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Table of Contents Lesson 1: Cells.................................. 4 Lesson 2: Organizing Living Things................... 10 Lesson 3: Photosynthesis and Respiration................ 16 Lesson 4: How Living Things Reproduce................. 22 Lesson 5: Genetics............................... 28 Lesson 6: Adaptations............................ 34 Lesson 7: Ecosystems............................. 40 Lesson 8: Food Chains and Food Webs.................. 46 Lesson 9: The Structure of Living Things................ 52 Lesson 10: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems............. 58 Lesson 11: The Circulatory System..................... 64 Lesson 12: The Digestive and Excretory Systems............ 70 Lesson 13: The Nervous System....................... 76 Lesson 14: The Ear............................... 82 Lesson 15: The Eye............................... 88 My Science Vocabulary.............................. 94 Root Words..................................... 99 Prefixes and Suffixes.............................. 100 Glossary...................................... 101
LESSON 7 biotic factor Ecology is a big topic in the news. What exactly is? Why is it important? Read this selection to find out more about. Ecosystems Ecology Everything that surrounds a living thing is its environment. The environment has both living and nonliving things. Each living thing is a biotic factor. For example, all the animals and plants are biotic factors. Each nonliving thing is an. Light, air, and landforms are examples of s. Ecology is the study of how living things and non-living things in an environment act upon one another. Scientists study to learn how to protect living things and the environment as a whole. Biomes A is a large region with specific plants and animals and the same climate. Among the six main land s are rain forests, grasslands, and deserts. Water s include salt water and fresh water. The Main Land Biomes Tundra Coniferous forest Deciduous forest Grassland Desert Rain forest 40 Ecosystems
Ecosystems Within s are smaller areas called s. In an, the living and nonliving things act upon one another by exchanging energy and materials. Ecosystems can be as large as a forest or as small as a seed. In an, living things depend on the s. They also depend on and compete with one another. Habitat Each organism in an has a that provides what the organism needs to live. The is the place where an organism lives. For example, a squirrel s is a tree. Each organism in a also has a. The is what the organism does in its. For example, part of the of a squirrel is to gather and bury acorns. In a, two species may need the same resources, such as water, food, or space. The struggle between living things for limited resources is called. The for resources may put one or both of the species at risk. One species may become, or close to being in danger of dying out. For example, in an, too many foxes and wolves hunting squirrels may upset the, or state of balance, among the animals. If too many squirrels are eaten, they become. Then the foxes and wolves would also become because they have lost their source of food. Wolf Fox Squirrel My Science Vocabulary Go to page 96 to list other words you have learned about s. Ecosystems 41
biotic factor A. Fill in the blanks with the correct vocabulary word. 1. a nonliving thing, such as air, in the environment 2. a state of balance 3. an area smaller than a in which the living and nonliving things act upon one another 4. a large type of region with specific plants and animals and the same climate 5. a living thing in an environment 6. the struggle between living things for limited resources 7. close to being in danger of dying out 8. the place an organism lives 9. what an organism does in its 10. the study of how living and nonliving things in an environment act upon one another 42 Ecosystems
biotic factor B. Choose and write the two words that best complete each sentence. biotic factor 1. In an environment, an is a nonliving thing, and a is a living thing. biotic factor 2. If the balance, or, in an is upset for a long time, species may be. 3. The study of helps scientists learn how to protect an animal in its own. 4. In a large such as the desert, each has specific living and nonliving things that act upon one another. 5. When there is for the same in a, the is upset. WORD ROOT The word comes from nidus, which is a Latin word that means nest. Ecosystems 43
biotic factor C. Write the vocabulary word that best completes each pair of sentences. 1. A large type of region makes up a. A rainforest, desert, or grassland is a. 2. Within a is a smaller area, or. In an, living and nonliving things exchange energy and materials. 3. If a whole species is at risk of dying out, the species is. Competition can result in a species. 4. Each organism in a has a. What an organism does in its is its. 5. The struggle with another living thing for food is. Species can become because of. 6. Each living thing in an environment is a. A plant or an animal is a. 7. The study of the living and nonliving things in an environment is. Scientists study to help protect organisms. 8. A nonliving thing is called an. Light, air, or a landform is an. 9. A balanced state within a is called. Too many foxes hunting squirrels can upset the. 10. The place where an animal lives is its. An animal s provides what it needs to live. 44 Ecosystems
biotic factor D. Use each word in a sentence that shows you understand the meaning of the word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. biotic factor 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Write! Write your response to the prompt on a separate sheet of paper. Use as many vocabulary words as you can in your writing. Imagine a pair of glasses that lets you see Earth from afar and then move closer in. What interactions would you see among living and nonliving things? Ecosystems 45