Entomology Review or What s that Bug? Lady Beetle larvae
pillbugs (crustaceans) spiders, ticks, and Not all bugs are insects. snails (molluscs) spiders (arachnids) centipedes (chilopods) mites (arachnids) millipedes (diplopods)
Remember this? Phylum: Arthropoda Arthropoda Class: Insecta Arachnida Order: Diptera Araneae Family: Muscidae Theridiidae Genus: Musca Latrodectus Species: domestica hesperus Common name: house fly black widow
Arachnids: spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites two main body regions - cephalothorax (head and thorax fused together) abdomen four pairs of jointed legs simple eyes no antennae no wings
Arachnids Spiders and their Kin Spiders Ticks Scorpions Mites Spiders are mostly beneficial
Insect Characteristics Three Distinct Body Regions: Head, Thorax, Abdomen Antennae - One Pair Jointed Legs - Three Pairs Wings - None, One or Two Pairs Undergoes Metamorphosis
piercing-sucking mouthparts chewing mouthparts siphoning
Common Insect Orders Orthoptera - crickets, grasshoppers Hemiptera - true bugs Homoptera - aphids, scale, hoppers Lepidoptera - butterflies, moths Coleoptera - beetles, weevils Diptera - flies, mosquitoes Hymenoptera - bees, ants Characterized by: Mouthparts Type of legs, wings, antenna Metamorphosis
ORTHOPTERA - grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, mantids, cockroaches Gradual metamorphosis, chewing mouth parts Moderate to large, hard-bodied adults with two pairs of wings. Front wings are hard, leathery Nymphs resemble adults, except for being wingless. Both adults & nymphs cause damage.
HEMIPTERA - true bugs Recognized by triangle on back Gradual metamorphosis, Piercing-sucking mouthparts in nymphs (immatures) and adults Harlequin Bug
HOMOPTERA -aphids, scales, leafhoppers, cicadas, whiteflies, mealybugs Gradual metamorphosis, piercingsucking mouthparts in nymphs (immatures) and adults Small, soft-bodied insects, except for cicadas Aphids
HOMOPTERA Mealybugs are considered a type of scale. They are oval, segmented, and covered with wax. Scales may be small, round or footballshaped, and armored (California red scale) or soft-bodied (cottony cushion scale).
HOMOPTERA -aphids, scales, leafhoppers, cicadas, whiteflies, mealybugs Whitefles are tiny sap-suckers found in vegetables, ornamentals, and citrus trees. Leafhoppers feed on undersides of leaves, transmit virus diseases. Hosts are: beans, cucurbits, potatoes, eggplants, grapes, and apples
Butterflies & Moths: Lepidoptera Complete metamorphosis Larva are caterpillars 4 wings, often showy Adults are nectar feeders
Moth Moth vs. Butterfly Antennae are feathery or wiry Wings at rest out-stretched, folded or angled Day & night Butterfly Antennae end in a club Wings at rest out-stretched or held vertically Day-time only
LEPIDOPTERA - butterflies, moths Complete metamorphosis Mouthparts Larvae - chewing Adults - siphoning Adults are soft-bodied with two pairs of membranous wings covered with small scales. Larvae are worm-like, voracious feeders with prolegs on abdomen and thorax.
LEPIDOPTERA - butterflies, moths Leaf-eating caterpillars (tomato hornworm, armyworms, loopers) chew irregular holes. Many small caterpillars roll leaves to form shelters.
Beetles = Coleoptera More Beetle species than all other animals Hard shelled forewing Vegetarians, predators, scavengers & parasites
COLEOPTERA - beetles, weevils Complete metamorphosis Chewing Mouthparts (adults and larva) Larvae (grubs, wireworms, borers) have head capsule
COLEOPTERA - beetles, weevils Adults have two pairs of wings. Horny, leathery front wings (elytra) cover membranous hind wings underneath, used for flying.
COLEOPTERA - beetles, weevils Lady beetles (ladybugs) are beneficials Flea beetles, wireworms (click beetle larvae), cucumber beetles, vegetable weevils, and green fruit beetles are common pests in California home vegetable gardens
Flies & Mosquitoes - Diptera Only 2 wings (1 pair) Mouth parts adapted for sucking or piercing & sucking Complete metamorphsis
DIPTERA - flies, mosquitoes, gnats, midges Important garden and agricultural pests include the cabbage maggot, onion maggot, apple maggot, walnut husk fly, fruit flies, and leafminers apple maggot onion maggot walnut husk fly cabbage maggot
Hymenoptera: Ants, Wasps, Bees, Sawflies Narrow waists Chewing mouthparts Complete metamorphosis Can have up to 2 pairs of membranous wings
HYMENOPTERA - bees, wasps, ants, sawflies Many species are beneficial, are parasites, natural enemies or biological control agents of many pest insects
HYMENOPTERA - bees, wasps, ants, sawflies Pear sawfly larvae Leafcutter wasp Rose sawfly damage Raspberry horntail
WHAT IF YOU DON T SEE A BUG?
Symptoms or signs of insect attack: Chewed foliage or fruit
Symptoms or signs of insect attack: bleached, stippled or mined leaves Grape leafhopper
Symptoms or signs of insect attack: distortion (swelling, twisting, cupping) of plant parts
Symptoms or signs of insect attack: Dieback of twigs, stems or plant Peach tree borer
Symptoms or signs of insect attack: presence of insect-related debris frass sooty mold
So What s that Bug?
Red-humped caterpillar
Bark Beetle
Spider mites not visible to the naked eye, look for webbing, suck juices from plants
Stink bugs attack stone fruits, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes. They give off an offensive odor when disturbed.
Centipede: not an insect, but a general predator of insects
Curled, distorted leaves and sticky honeydew exudates on leaves are strong signs of aphid infestation.
Tomato Hornworm: voracious muncher of leaves
Lygus bugs attack beans, strawberries and orchard crops.
Assassin Bug: eats beetles, caterpillars, hornworms & other insects
Syrphid fly larvae are important predators of aphids & scales
Earwig, chews flowers & fruit, can also be beneficial predator by eating insects & larvae
Walnut Husk Fly: 2 wings, compound eyes
Codling Moth: larvae are worm in the center of apples & pears, look for stings, remove overwintering pupae
Lacewing: good bug, preys on aphids and whiteflies
Cucumber beetle: bad bug, eats crops & foliage
Scales: suck plant juices under their covering