Energy and Electromagnetism

4 th Science Notebook Energy and Electromagnetism Investigation 3: The Force of Magnetism Name: Big Question: What are the properties of magnets? 1

Alignment with New York State Science Standards & Performance Indicators Standard 1: Mathematical Analysis M1.1 Extend mathematical notation and symbolism to include variables and algebraic expressions in order to describe and compare quantities M2.1 Use inductive reasoning to construct, evaluate, and validate conjectures and arguments, recognizing patterns can assist in explaining and extending math phenomena M3.1 Apply math knowledge to solve real-world problems Standard 1: Scientific Inquiry S1.1 Formulate questions independently with the aid of references appropriate for guiding the search for explanations of observations S1.2 Construct explanations independently for natural phenomena S1.3 Represent, present, and defend proposed explanations S2.1 Use conventional techniques and those of their own design to make further observations and refine explanations S2.2 Develop, present, and defend formal research proposals S2.3 Carry out research proposals, recording observations and measurements S3.1 Design charts, tables, graphs and other visual representations of observations in conventional and creative ways S3.2 Interpret organized data to answer the research question and to gain insight into the problem S3.3 Modify their personal understanding of phenomena based on evaluation of their hypothesis Standard 1: Engineering Design T1.1 Identify needs and opportunities for technical solutions from an investigation of situations of general or social interest T1.2 Locate and utilize a range of printed, electronic, and human information sources to obtain ideas T1.3 Consider constraints and generate several ideas for alternative solutions, using group and individual ideation techniques, defer judgment, evaluate ideas, explain optimal choice T1.4 Develop plans and construct a model of the solution T1.5 In a group setting, test their solution against design specs, present and evaluate results, describe how solution might be modified, and discuss tradeoffs 2

Alignment with New York State Science Standards & Performance Indicators Standard 2: Information Systems 3: Information technology can have a positive and negative impact on society, depending on its use Standard 4: Physical Environment 4.1c Most activities in everyday life involve one form of energy being transformed into another 4.1d Different forms of energy include heat, light, electrical, mechanical, sound, nuclear, and chemical 4.1e Energy can be considered to be either kinetic energy or potential energy Standard 6: Interconnectedness 1: Through systems thinking, they recognize commonalities that exist and how parts of a system interrelate and combine to perform special functions 2: Models are simplified representations 5: Identifying patterns for change is necessary for making predictions about future behavior and conditions 6: In order to arrive at the best solution to meet criteria and constraints, trade-offs are often necessary Standard 7: Interdisciplinary Problem Solving 1: The knowledge and skills of mathematics, science, and technology are used together to make informed decisions and solve problems 2: Solving interdisciplinary problems involves a variety of skills and strategies such as effective work habits, gathering information, generating ideas, making connections, and presenting ideas 3

Table of Contents Part Title Page 1 What materials stick to magnets? 6 2 What happens when two or more magnets interact? 13 3 What happens when a piece of iron comes close to 20 or touches a permanent magnet? 4 What happens to the force of attraction between two 27 magnets as the distance between them changes? 5 What do magnets interact with in the outdoor 35 environment? 4

What do you know about magnets? I Think Now I Know 5

Part 1: Magnets and Materials FOCUS QUESTION What materials stick to magnets? CLAIM EVIDENCE 6

Part 1: Magnets and Materials Test Objects Inventory 2 Aluminum foil 2 Aluminum nails 2 Black rocks 2 Brass rings 2 Cardboard 2 Copper foil 2 Paper fasteners 2 Plastic chips 2 Plastic straws 2 River rocks 2 Rubber bands 2 Sponges 2 Steel nails 2 Steel paper clips 2 Steel screens 2 Steel screws 2 Steel washers 2 Wood sticks 2 Wool yarn 7

What can you conclude about magnets? 8

Part 1: Magnets and Materials Directions: Test objects in your classroom to determine if they are made of iron or steel. Record your findings in the table below. 9

Part 1: Magnets and Materials Read: Some materials stick to magnets. Some materials conduct electricity. Challenge Question: How are magnetic materials and conductors alike and how are they different? Answer the question below. 10

Part 1: Magnets and Materials Word Bank 11

Part 1: Magnets and Materials Science Content/Inquiry 12

Part 2: Magnets Interact FOCUS QUESTION What happens when two or more magnets interact? CLAIM EVIDENCE 13

Part 2: Magnets Interact Challenge: Find out if magnets attract when side A on one magnet comes close to side A on a second magnet? Or do magnets attract when side A on one magnet comes close to side B on a second magnet? Illustrate and respond to demonstrate what you discover. 14

Part 2: Magnets Interact BAR MAGNET Follow the directions below to confirm your magnet s poles are labeled correctly using a bar magnet. 1. Orient your magnet so that it will attract the north pole of a bar magnet. 2. Slowly bring your magnet in that orientation up to a bar magnet. 3. Show that it sticks when you let go. Note: The side you labeled S should be the one that sticks to the north pole of the bar magnet. Remember, opposites attract. COMPASS If your magnet is labeled correctly you will see the following. 1. The south pole on your magnet should attract the colored north end of the compass needle. 2. The pole labeled N should repel the colored end of the compass needle. 15

Part 2: Magnets Interact 16

Part 2: Magnets Interact Word Bank 17

Part 2: Magnets Interact Science Content/Inquiry 18

Part 2: Magnets Interact Directions: Read, When Magnet Meets Magnet and use evidence from the text to answer the questions below. 1. Why does magnetite stick to a magnet? 2. What causes magnets to attract each other at some times and repel each other at other times? 3. The magnets shown on page 42 of your text have one pole labeled. Which pairs of magnets will attract, and which will repel? 19

Part 3: Magnetic Fields FOCUS QUESTION What happens when a piece of iron comes close to or touches a permanent magnet? CLAIM EVIDENCE 20

Part 3: Magnetic Fields INVESTIGATE: Can magnetism work through materials? OBSERVATIONS & DISCOVERIES 21

Part 3: Magnetic Fields INVESTIGATE: What happens when a piece of iron comes close to or touches a permanent magnet? OBSERVATIONS & DISCOVERIES 22

Part 3: Magnetic Fields How Magnets Work 1. Can a magnet attract a paperclip through materials? If yes, what kinds of materials? 2. How can a magnet make a paperclip float in the air? 3. What happens to a steel nail when a magnet touches it? 23

Response Sheet- Investigation 3 1. You probably noticed that an iron object doesn t have to touch a magnet before it begins to move toward the magnet. Why do you think that happens? 2. If you put something like a piece of cardboard between a magnet and an iron nail, the magnet still holds the nail in place. How can that happen? 3. When you make a chain of iron objects, you start with a magnet, stick an iron object to the magnet, then stick other iron objects to more iron objects. Why do you think the iron objects stick to each other even when they are not touching the magnet? 24

Part 3: Magnetic Fields Word Bank 25

Part 3: Magnetic Fields Science Content/Inquiry 26

Part 4: Magnetic Force FOCUS QUESTION What happens to the force of attraction between two magnets as the distance between them changes? CLAIM EVIDENCE 27

Part 4: Magnetic Force How many washers did it take your group to break the force of attraction between two magnets? washers 28

Part 4: Magnetic Force What do you think will happen to the force of attraction between the two magnets if you put a plastic spacer between them? Do you think the force will get strong, weaker, or stay the same? Why? PREDICT When I put a plastic spacer between the magnets, the force will RESULTS When I put a plastic spacer between the magnets, the force I think this will happen because DATA 29

Part 4: Magnetic Force Directions: Graph the data from your T- chart on the prior page. 30

Part 4: Magnetic Force How many washers will it take to break the force of attraction when two spacers are placed between the magnets? Why? PREDICT It will take washers to break the force of attraction when two spacers are placed between the magnets. RESULTS It took washers to break the force of attraction when two spacers are placed between the magnets. RATIONALE 31

Part 4: Magnetic Force Directions: Answer the questions below. 1. How much distance in spacers was used when it took a force of four washers to break the force? 2. How can you use a graph to predict? 3. What is the relationship between the distance separating two magnets and the force of attraction between them? 32

Part 4: Magnetic Force Word Bank 33

Part 4: Magnetic Force Science Content/Inquiry 34

Part 5: Magnets Outdoors FOCUS QUESTION What do magnets interact with in the outdoor environment? CLAIM EVIDENCE 35

Part 5: Magnets Outdoors Directions: Test objects outdoors to see how they interact with magnets. Record your findings below in a data table you create. 36

Part 5: Magnets Outdoors Word Bank 37

Part 5: Magnets Outdoors Science Content/Inquiry 38

Investigation 3: The Force of Magnetism BIG QUESTION What are the properties of magnets? Explain. Use evidence from the investigations to support your answer. 39