Year 11 GCSE PHYSICS REVISION QUESTIONS PAPER 1 Higher Level Waves Atoms & Space Moulsham High School 1
1. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown below. gamma rays X-rays A visible light infra-red waves microwaves radio waves (a) Name part A of the electromagnetic spectrum. Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength? (c) All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum. If the frequency decreases, what happens to the wavelength? (d) Microwaves can be used to cook food. Which other part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be used to cook food? (e) Radar uses pulses of microwaves to detect aeroplanes. Moulsham High School 2
Explain how microwaves can be used to find the position of an aeroplane in the sky......................... (Total 7 marks) 2. (a) Animals have different hearing ranges. The lowest and highest frequencies that some animals can hear are shown below. Animal Lowest frequency in hertz Highest frequency in hertz elephant 5 10 000 human 20 20 000 dog 20 50 000 dolphin 40 110 000 bat 1000 120 000 Use only the information in the table to answer part (a). (i) Which animal has the widest range of hearing?... Which range of frequencies can be heard by both humans and dolphins?... (iii) Which animals cannot detect ultrasound?... Moulsham High School 3
Ultrasound is used to produce an image of an unborn baby. State another medical use of ultrasound. (c) The diagram shows the oscilloscope trace of a sound wave. (i) It took 0.001 seconds to produce this trace. Calculate how many waves were produced each second............. On the diagram, draw the trace produced by a louder sound with the same frequency. (Total 7 marks) 3. In 1609, Galileo was one of the first scientists to use a telescope. He used it to look at the planet Jupiter. The diagrams show what he observed one night. Moulsham High School 4
The small object close to Jupiter had not been seen before. It was later named Io. Ideas (a) Suggest a conclusion that Galileo could draw from his observations. Explain how Galileo s observations went against the belief that all heavenly bodies revolve around the Earth. (c) Galileo published his findings in a book called The Starry Messenger. Why did Galileo publish his findings? (Total 5 marks) Moulsham High School 5
4. (a) Blood is sometimes treated with ionising radiation before it is given to a patient in hospital. ionising radiation thick plastic bag (i) Suggest why blood is treated with ionising radiation. Which type of ionising radiation is the most suitable to use? (iii) Explain why the other types are not suitable. (iv) Explain why blood treated in this way does not expose the patient to ionising radiation. Moulsham High School 6
Radioactive materials are sometimes used for medical purposes. The chart shows the sources of all background radioactivity in the United Kingdom. medical space air ground food (i) Explain whether using radioactive materials for medical purposes causes a health hazard to the population of the United Kingdom. Some scientists are concerned about the dangers of radioactivity from the ground. How do they share their concerns with other scientists? (Total 7 marks) 5. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Is there life on another planet? Many scientists believe that life exists on other planets. There is a vast number of stars in the Universe and many of these stars must have planets in orbit around them. The chances are that the right conditions for life exist on some of these planets. In what form might this life exist? Is it as simple microbes or are there other animals, similar to humans, out there? Could other life forms communicate with the Earth? The distances involved mean that it would take millions of years for signals to reach the Earth from another solar system. Is it possible that life forms from another solar system could be watching the Earth and even be on their way to visit us? Moulsham High School 7
(a) Complete the sentences. A planet orbits a... An object that orbits a planet is called a... The right conditions for life to exist on a planet include a suitable composition of any atmosphere, a suitable temperature and the presence of water. (i) These conditions have been measured on some planets in our solar system, for example on Mars. Describe how scientists were able to do this............. Explain why scientists cannot measure these conditions on planets in another galaxy............. (iii) How can scientists tell whether other life forms are trying to communicate with the rest of the Universe?...... (Total 9 marks) Moulsham High School 8
6. Some periscopes use prisms to change the direction of the rays of light from objects. This is shown in the diagram. A ray of light from distant object B 45º 45º C (a) Explain why the ray of light takes this path through the prism. A prism can also be used to invert an image. The diagram shows two light rays from an object. Use a ruler to complete the path of the two rays shown, as they travel through and out of the prism. (Total 5 marks) Moulsham High School 9
7. Radioactive materials emit three types of radiation. These are alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays. All these affect photographic film. Workers who may be exposed to radiation wear a film badge. This indicates the levels and types of radiation the worker has been exposed to. plastic case lead shield aluminium shield paper shield film A (a) What will area A of the film detect? Explain your answer. Why is it important to check exposure to ionising radiations? (c) Sodium-24 is a radioactive isotope which is used in medicine. The graph shows how the radiation emitted from a sample of sodium-24 changes with time. 200 Count rate in counts per minute 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time in hours Moulsham High School 10
(i) Why does the radiation emitted decrease?.............. Use the graph to estimate the half-life of sodium-24........ (iii) Use your answer to to show on the graph how the count rate changes up to 60 hours. (Total 6 marks) 8. A pest control device emits sound at frequencies between 50 khz and 70 khz. The device is shown in the diagram. Pest Control TM HARMLESS TO CATS, DOGS & PEOPLE BUT RATS - MICE AND ANTS CAN'T STAND IT GUARANTEED to rid any building of Rats, Mice, Ants and Spiders (a) What name is given to sound with a frequency greater than 20 khz? The frequency of a transmitted wave is 1800 Hz. Sound travels at 340 m/s in air. Calculate the wavelength of this sound wave in air. (Total 4 marks) 9. The diagram shows the wave fronts of a beam of light as it passes from air into glass. Moulsham High School 11
air glass glass air (a) When the beam enters the block, it is refracted. Use a ruler to complete the diagram. Show the wave fronts passing through and out of the glass block. The diagram shows light rays from a diver s waterproof torch hitting the surface of a lake. air water waterproof torch Explain why some of the rays do not leave the surface. (Total 5 marks) Moulsham High School 12
10. Light from distant galaxies always shows a red shift. Explain what is meant by red shift. What information does red shift give us about distant galaxies?.................................... (Total 3 marks) 11. (a) When an earthquake occurs, seismic waves are produced. In 1999, the epicentre of an earthquake in Turkey was the town Duzce. This caused 700 buildings to collapse. Damage caused by the Turkish earthquake on August 25, 1999. (a) Explain why this earthquake also damaged buildings in towns as far as 100 km away. Moulsham High School 13
Two types of seismic waves are: P, which are longitudinal S, which are transverse. Describe how each moves the foundations of the buildings. (Total 4 marks) 12. (a) A light ray travels through air and strikes a glass block. ray of light normal glass block Use a ruler to draw the paths of the refracted ray as it passes through and out of the block. This is part of a newspaper article Ditch those glasses - in 15 minutes Using computer technology and a thin invisible beam of ultraviolet radiation, microscopic amounts of eye tissue can be removed to correct visual impairment. (i) Suggest another use for ultraviolet radiation. Moulsham High School 14
Visible light and ultraviolet light are parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Two features of an electromagnetic wave are its wavelength and frequency. Use these features to compare ultraviolet radiation and visible radiation. (c) Nicola has a suspected broken arm. She is taken to hospital for an arm X-ray. (i) Explain how the properties of X-rays make them suitable for making an X-ray photograph of the suspected broken arm. Why can exposure to X-rays be harmful to the body? (Total 9 marks) Moulsham High School 15
13. Phosphorus is an important element needed by plants. The uptake of this element in plants can be studied using the radioactive tracer, phosphorus-32. 32 (a) The symbol of the isotope phosphorus-32 is 15 P. It decays by emitting beta particles. (i) What is a beta particle? Use the periodic table to help you write the symbol of the isotope formed when phosphorus-32 decays. Suggest why an isotope that emitted alpha particles would be unsuitable to use as the tracer. (c) During an experiment, a solution containing 24 mg of phosphorus-32 was prepared. How much of the isotope will remain after 28 days if its half-life is 14 days? (d) Phosphorus-30 has a half-life of 2.5 minutes. Explain why phosphorus-32 is more suitable than phosphorus-30 as a radioactive tracer in this experiment. (Total 8 marks) Moulsham High School 16
14. (a) Four sound waves were displayed on an oscilloscope screen. The same oscilloscope settings were used each time. A B C D (i) Which sound was the loudest?.. Give a reason for your choice.... Describe how sound waves are transmitted through air.......... Sound with a frequency greater than 20 000 Hz is known as ultrasound. State two different medical uses of ultrasound. 1....... 2....... Moulsham High School 17
(c) Sound travels at 340 m/s in air. Calculate the wavelength of ultrasound with a frequency of 20 000 Hz.... (Total 8 marks) 15. (a) 14 Carbon-14 ( 6 C ) is a radioactive isotope of carbon. Describe the difference between an atom of carbon-14 and an atom of carbon-12 ( terms of the particles involved. 6 C ) in 12 Radon gas is emitted from granite and can collect in buildings. It decays by emitting alpha particles. Explain whether the presence of radon gas in buildings is a health hazard. (Total 5 marks) Moulsham High School 18
16. (a) Infra-red and radio waves are two of the waves that make up the electromagnetic spectrum. Describe one similarity and one difference between infra-red and radio waves. Similarity... Difference... The diagram shows how a satellite is used in the transmission of radio waves to different parts of the world. (i) Explain why a satellite is needed to transmit the waves from T to R............. Moulsham High School 19
Modern satellite transmissions use digital signals rather than analogue signals. Describe the difference between a digital signal and an analogue signal. A diagram could help to make your answer clear............. (Total 6 marks) 17. (a) When it is hot, helium emits light that has a wavelength of 5.88 10 7 m. The outer layers of stars contain helium. The light detected at the Earth from helium present in a distant star has a wavelength of 6.12 10 7 m. Explain what this shows about the star......... The future of the Universe depends on the amount of mass present. If this is greater than the critical mass, the Universe will eventually contract. If this is less than the critical mass, the Universe will continue to expand. Moulsham High School 20
Complete the diagrams to show what will happen to the size of the Universe if its mass is: (i) (iii) less than the critical mass equal to the critical mass greater than the critical mass (i) (iii) size of Universe size of Universe size of Universe time time time (c) Suggest why astronomers cannot be certain about the future of the Universe................. (Total 7 marks) 18. Some optical fibres use total internal reflection. (a) The diagram shows how light passes through an optical fibre. What is the condition necessary for light to be totally internally reflected at the inner faces of the fibre?...... Moulsham High School 21
Compare the transmission of light in an optical fibre with the transmission of light in a vacuum....... (c) Optical fibres are used to transmit information. Digital signals are used in preference to analogue signals. Describe the difference between a digital signal and an analogue signal. You may use a diagram to help to make your answer clear....... (d) To transmit information, infra-red waves with a frequency of 3.85 10 14 Hz are used. The speed of the waves along the fibre is 2.20 10 8 m/s. Calculate the wavelength of the waves in the fibre.......... (Total 8 marks) 19. (a) 24 Sodium-24, 11 Na, is a radioactive isotope. It decays by emitting beta and gamma radiation. (i) What does the number 24 represent?... What is beta radiation?...... Sodium-24 can be used to detect leaks from underground sewage pipes. Moulsham High School 22
A salt containing sodium-24 is dissolved in water and passes through the pipe. radiation detector liquid leaking from pipe (i) The operator moves a radiation detector along the ground, above the pipe. How can the operator tell where the leak is?... Explain why sodium-24 is a suitable isotope to use to detect underground leaks.......... (Total 6 marks) Moulsham High School 23