Name Date Study Guide Matter and Elements District Unit Test **Please study ALL vocabulary words!** **Study all Study Guides!** IN ADDITION, please answer the following questions: 1) What are the 5 states of matter? Provide an example of each state. 2) What are the 4 main properties of matter? 1. Solid Example: Book 2. Liquid Example: Water 3. Gas Example: Helium 4. Plasma Example: Florescent lights 5. Bose Einstein Condensate 1. Density 2. Weight 3. Mass 4. Volume 3) What are properties? Definition: Characteristics of Matter a) Size Provide 2 examples of a property. 4) What is density? 5) What is volume? How do you find volume? b) Shape Definition: The amount of matter packed into a given volume (amount/ size) of space 1. Floating Egg (egg in water and salt water) 2. Red, White, Blue 3. Floating Soda diet and regular Coke Definition: the amount of space matter takes up (the size of something)
Formula: Length x Width x Height = Volume 6) What is mass? Definition: the amount of matter contained in an object Mass is constant and never changes. 7) What is weight? Definition: the measurement of the force of gravity on an object 8) What is the main difference between mass and weight? Mass is constant; weight can change a. Solids to liquids? Melting Point 9) At what point do substances change from: b. Liquids to solids? Freezing Point c. Liquids to gas? Boiling Point 10) What does the atomic weight represent? How do you find the atomic weight? 11) What does the atomic number represent? How can you find the atomic number if you aren t given it? 12) What is a compound? Atomic weight= # of protons and # of neutrons How do you find it? The number at the bottom of each element in the periodic table Atomic number= is the # of protons How do you find it? The number in the upper left corner of each element on the periodic table (most of the time, number is less than atomic weight) Definition:2 or more different atoms joined together Give an example of a compound. Example: NaCl (Sodium and Chlorine = salt)
13) What is a molecule? Definition: 2 or more atoms joined together (same or different) Give an example of a molecule. What happens to molecules when they are heated or cooled? Example: 02 Heated: the molecules move quicker Cooled: the molecules slow down 14) Give an example of water in each of the 3 main states of matter found on Earth. 15) What is plasma? Solid: Ice Liquid: Water Gas: Water Vapor Definition: Gases that have taken on high energy electrical charges Describe properties of plasma. Properties: extremely high temperatures, glows different colors Stars 16) Name 3 examples of plasma. Comet tails Northern Lights 17) Where is plasma mainly found? How much of the universe is made up of plasma? Mostly in space 99% 18) What is a physical change? Name 3 examples of physical changes. Definition: a change in which the shape or form of a substance becomes different but the nature of the substance stays the same (tearing paper) Ice melting Mixing cake batter Tearing Paper
19) What is a chemical change? Name 3 examples of chemical changes. 20) What is the main difference between a physical and a chemical change? Definition: a change in which the nature of a substance is made different from what it originally was (burning wood) Metal rusting Fireworks Wood burning Leaves changing color In a chemical change, the nature of the substance changes and in a physical change the nature of the substance stays the same 21) Illustrate the molecule formation for a solid, liquid, and gas. Describe how the molecules move for each state. Name an example of each. State: solid liquid gas Molecule movement: vibrate moves freely within moves freely a certain size Example: book milk oxygen 22) Label the charges for each part of an atom: Protons: Positive Electrons: Negative Neutrons: Neutral
23) Fill in the table below. Element Name Carbon Chlorine Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Sodium Calcium Helium Element Symbol C Cl H N O Na Ca He 24) Draw an example of what happens when two or more liquids are mixed together with different densities. Label the densest and the least dense liquids. Milk Dish soap Corn syrup 25) Draw an example of what happens when a solid is placed in a liquid with a different density. (ex: egg in salt water & egg in fresh water) salt water fresh water 26) What compound is formed when: a. 2 hydrogen atoms are combined with 1 oxygen atom? H20 water b. 1 sodium atom combines with 1 chlorine atom? NaCl table salt sodium chloride c. 1 carbon atom combines with 2 oxygen atoms? _CO2 carbon dioxide d. 1 hydrogen atom combines with 1 chlorine atom? HCl hydrochloric acid
27) Label the parts of the element diagram below. 9 2 7 F Fluorine Word Bank Element Name Element Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Weight Electrons Shell Names 19