TP: How do the spheres of the earth make up its systems? Do now: Describe what occurred in Vermont & upstate NY following Hurricane Irene? Homework: Sep 3 1:20 PM Oct 14 1:12 PM Oct 14 1:17 PM Oct 14 1:22 PM 1
TP: What is geography? Do Now: Can you name 3 different formations of land? How are they different? Homework Rd pp. 34 39 P. 39 #1 Draw a poster illustrating these landforms. Name an example of where you would find it What is Geography? Geography study of Earth's phenomena, including people and their environment. Geographers seek to understand: why one place is different from another why people live where they do why volcanoes are found where they are, etc. Geographers ask the questions; where and why? Where things are located and why they are found where they are. Geography is a spatial science. Geographers examine the distribution of people, diseases, rock types, climate types, etc. This is what we call the geographical approach to scientific inquiry. Oct 17 11:44 AM Sep 3 1:28 PM Five Key Themes in Geography Location: Absolute and relative location on Earth. Location answers the question...where? Region: Portions of Earth's surface that have uniform characteristics Teaching Point (TP): How do the biospheres of the earth work together? Do Now: List the 4 spheres of the earth? Movement: Movement, circulation, and communication across Earth's surface. Examples would be wind and ocean currents. Human Earth Relationships: Humans and the environment. Oldest theme. Place: Tangible and intangible living and nonliving characteristics that make each place unique Sep 3 1:44 PM Oct 17 11:49 AM 2
EarthsSpheres.notebook What is a System? A system is a group of interrelated, interdependent parts that form a complex whole. Actions that affect one component (part) will ultimately influence everything else. Example of a system Heavy rainfall increases stream velocity which in turn increases channel erosion. More erosion increases channel width. This increase in surface area increases external friction and friction decreases the stream's velocity. See, one change (rainfall) causes all of these changes within the stream system. Sep 3 1:48 PM http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/cont ent/investigations/es0103/es0103page02.cfm Oct 17 1:29 PM TP: To examine the details of the spheres of earth Do Now: Describe at least 2 interaction between the lithosphere and hydrosphere in picture below + Lithosphere rocks, earth materials + Hydrosphere water + Atmosphere air + Biosphere plants and animals What powers this system? What are the "spheres" of this system? Where is this system? Sep 3 10:50 PM Homework List an interaction for each pair of spheres Oct 18 11:49 AM 3
The diagram shows the main components of the earth: Oct 18 11:55 AM Sep 3 11:08 PM Hydrosphere liquid H2O (water) Oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, underground water, frozen water( ) known as cryosphere Atmosphere gaseous layer that surrounds earth Troposphere bottom 10 km or so, (from a Greek word for "turning.") The sun warms the surface, but warm air rises, and as it rises, it expands and cools. Then the co sinks. This constant churning creates the weather. Stratosphere Above 10 km or so, air is too thin for warm air from the surface to continue risin stable and stratified, with cold air at the base and warm air above. Because it is so stable, Airplanes fly at the lower boundary of the stratosphere. Ozone Layer Near the top of the stratosphere, solar ultraviolet causes oxygen to form ozone (O3). Ozone absorbs solar ultraviolet and helps protect the surface. Oct 18 11:43 AM Oct 18 11:45 AM 4
Biosphere The domain of life, from several kilometers deep in the lithosphere to 10 km or so above the surface. On land, the life layer is the zone of interactions among the biosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere. Lithosphere about 25% 0f earth's surface Earth is slightly wider at the equator than from North Pole to South Pole. This is called: oblate spheroid", "oblate ellipsoid", or "geoidal". There are differences in the terrain all over the earth. Relief refers to the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in an area. Oct 18 11:43 AM Sep 3 10:56 PM Other measurements of Earth you should be familiar with... Radius: distance from center to the surface = 3,950 miles Diameter: 2 x radius (distance from one point on the surface to the other side, passing through the center of the earth) = 7,900 miles (without the bulge) Circumference: greatest distance around the Earth's surface = 24,900 miles. Interesting Fact: First accurate estimate of circumference was by Eratosthenes (276-195 BC) = 26,700 miles. Whether or not Eratosthenes or his contemporaries made errors in their calculations, it is evident that even at this early time, much was known about the shape and size of the Earth. Sep 3 11:11 PM Sep 3 11:03 PM 5
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