This material is contributed by David Giblin. It is a great introduction about the UW herbarium research, but contents of this presentation will be on the lecture exam.
Floristics Research at the University of Washington Herbarium David Giblin University of Washington Herbarium
Ongoing field projects Lecture Overview Ongoing herbarium-based informatics projects
2002-2007 National Parks Botanical Surveys
Project Goals NOCA (2002-2007) MORA (2004-2007) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future
Increase documentation of vascular plants in NOCA, MORA, EBLA
Increase documentation of vascular plants in NOCA, MORA, EBLA Collect from species-rich or uncollected areas
Project Goals NOCA (2002-2007) MORA (2004-2007) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future
NOCA 2002-2007 Results Summary ~1,900 specimens added to NOCA herbarium 137 previously undocumented species for Park New localities for 7 state-listed species 60+ volunteers contributed 2,000+ hours
Talk Outline Project Goals NOCA (2002-2006) MORA (2004-2007) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future
MORA 2004-2007 Results Summary 1,000+ specimens added to MORA herbarium 66 previously undocumented species for Park 20 volunteers contributed 300+ hours
Combined Results for NOCA/MORA Unvisited areas yield new records Expect new species to as area covered
Talk Outline Project Goals NOCA (2002-2007) MORA (2004-2007) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future
EBLA Results Summary 305 collections made 126 previously undocumented species for Reserve Documentation for 93% of Reserve flora 23 volunteers contributed 230 hours
Talk Outline UW Herbarium Project Goals NOCA (2002-2006) MORA (2004-2006) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future
Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation
Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation Expand knowledge base
Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation Expand knowledge base Conservation
Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation Expand knowledge base Conservation Invasive species management
Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation Expand knowledge base Conservation Invasive species management Baseline data
Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation Expand knowledge base Conservation Invasive species management Baseline data Citizen science
Talk Outline UW Herbarium Project Goals NOCA (2002-2006) MORA (2004-2006) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future
Future 2008-2009: 1 trip to NOCA each year Beyond 2009?
FLORISTICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE SAN JUANS
Project Background Floristic Results Biogeography Results Conservation Implications
473 islands San Juan Archipelago Last glaciated ~ 12,000 years ago ~ 850 vascular plant species Lowland western WA forest and grassland habitat
Project Goals Comprehensive botanical survey of small (< 30 ha) islands in San Juan Archipelago Quantify species distribution patterns Test general island biogeography hypotheses
Methods Collect 1-2 specimens of all flowering/fruiting species on each island; deposit at UW Herbarium List all species on each island that are not collected Database all collections - make available online through UW Herbarium Web site
Surveys Completed 76 Islands visited in 30 days 40+ participants 4,000+ specimens
Project Background Floristic Results Biogeography Results Conservation Implications
Floristics Summary 350 taxa collected 20+ new localities for state-listed taxa 1 previously undescribed species in genus Castilleja
Castilleja victoriae
Project Background Floristic Results Biogeography Results Conservation Implications
Species Richness by Origin Total Taxa 350 # Native 234 # Introduced 116 % Native 67 %Introduced 33
Species Richness as a Function of Island Size Number of Species y = 12.46Ln(x) + 48.251 R 2 = 0.7019-40 y = 5.17Ln(x) + 21.89 R 2 = 0.5709 0.00 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00-20 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Island Area (hectares) 0 Native Introduced Log. (Native) Log. (Introduced)
Species Richness as a Function of Island Distance 140 120 Number of species 100 80 60 40 y = 6.9588Ln(x) + 3.9752 R 2 = 0.0621 Native Introduced Log. (Native) Log. (Introduced) 20 0 y = 2.6907Ln(x) + 4.4951 R 2 = 0.0439 1 10 100 1000 10000 Distance from Nearest Large Island (m)
Frequency Distribution of Native and Introduced Species Across 54 Islands in the San Juans Number of Species 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Native Introduced 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 Number of Island Occurrences
Widely Distributed Species Natives Festuca rubra (50) Grindelia hirsutula (46) Rosa nutkana (39) Plantago maritima (36) Cerastium arvense (36) Camassia leichtlinii (36) Introduced Geranium molle (38) Bromus hordeaceus (36) Bromus diandrus (35) Aira praecox (35) Vulpia bromoides (34) Hypochaeris radicata (31)
Biogeography Summary Richness of native and introduced taxa affected by island size but not distance from mainland Richness of introduced taxa more comparable to native taxa on small islands Land use history strong determinant of floristic composition
Project Background Presentation Outline Floristic Results Biogeography Results Conservation Implications
Priority Concerns Small islands are important habitat for several rare taxa Introduced taxa have spread quickly over the last 200 years Development on larger islands could dampen rescue effect of native species on small islands
Ongoing field projects Lecture Overview Ongoing herbarium-based informatics projects
Informatics Infrastructure PHP, Javascript, and MySQL allow for databasedriven, dynamic Web pages XML and information retrieval protocols allow for distributed database networks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nllgopyxt_g
Web-based Floristics Work Statewide WA Flora Checklist Regional Pacific Northwest Herbaria portal Global Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Mapping Noxious Weeds/Invasive Plant Species Google Maps-based application Will incorporate legacy observation data from external sources Will allow users to upload data from field Provides land managers/owners comprehensive, contextual view of weed threats
Acknowledgements National Science Foundation U.S. Fish and Wildlife National Park Service WA Native Plant Society U.S. Bureau of Land Management UW Herbarium Endowment The Nature Conservancy San Juan County Land Bank WA State Parks and Recreation Padilla Bay Research Reserve Washington Department of Natural Resources Society for Ecological Restoration U.S. Forest Service
Herbarium Collections and Invasive Species Biology: Understanding the Past, Present, and Future David Giblin, Ph.D. Ben Legler Richard G. Olmstead, Ph.D. University of Washington Herbarium - Burke Museum
Talk Outline Herbaria and Invasive Plant Research Inadequate Invasive Plant Collections Recent Invasives Data from WTU Digital Resources at WTU Conclusions and Future Needs
Specimen-based Research Marion Ownbey - Tragopogon
Specimen-based Research Marion Ownbey - Tragopogon Richard Mack - Bromus tectorum
Specimen-based Research Marion Ownbey - Tragopogon Richard Mack - Bromus tectorum Sarah Reichard - Invasive Ornamentals
Specimen-based Research Marion Ownbey - Tragopogon Richard Mack - Bromus tectorum Sarah Reichard - Invasive Ornamentals Peter Zika - Native/Exotic congeneric hybridization
Talk Outline Herbaria and Invasive Plant Research Inadequate Invasive Plant Collections Recent Invasives Data from WTU Digital Resources at WTU Conclusions and Future Needs
# of Specimens (x 1000)
Collections Growth by Year at WTU 1937-2004 4500 4000 3500 Number of specimens 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1937 1940 1943 1946 1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 Year 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003
Collections Growth by Year at WTU 1937-2004 4500 4000 Number of specimens 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 700 600 0 1937 1940 1943 1946 1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 Year Specimens of Introduced Species added to WTU 1937-2004 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 Number of specimens 500 400 300 200 100 0 1937 1940 1943 1946 1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 Year
Spartina alterniflora - smooth cordgrass
Polygonum cuspidatum - Japanese knotweed
Buddleja davidii - butterfly bush
Talk Outline Herbaria and Invasive Plant Research Inadequate Invasive Plant Collections Recent Invasives Data from WTU Digital Resources at WTU Conclusions and Future Needs
Recent Findings Impatiens x pacifica (I. ecalcarata x I. capensis) in Western Washington Murdannia kiesak along Columbia River Geranium lucidum in Clark and Skagit counties
Murdannia keisak - wartremoving herb
Impatiens x pacifica (I. ecalcarata x I. capensis) - jewelweed
Geranium lucidum - shining geranium
Talk Outline Herbaria and Invasive Plant Research Inadequate Invasive Plant Collections Recent Invasives Data from WTU Digital Resources at WTU Conclusions and Future Needs
Talk Outline Herbaria and Invasive Plant Research Inadequate Invasive Plant Collections Recent Invasives Data from WTU Digital Resources at WTU Conclusions and Future Needs
Conclusions and Future Needs Herbarium records invaluable Increase effort to collect invasives Deposit duplicates at regionally significant herbaria Increase funding for databasing invasives specimen Exploit emerging technologies for data sharing
Photo Acknowledgements Ben Legler Fred Weinmann Arne Andenberg
Lecture Overview National Park Service project Invasive species collections San Juan Islands project
Priority Concerns Small islands are important habitat for several statelisted taxa Introduced taxa have spread quickly over the last 200 years Limit human impacts on small islands Development on larger islands could dampen rescue effect of native species on small islands
2007 Trips to Date Taneum Creek Canyon Padilla Bay Columbia River Coastal Washington