Intro & Metric Rev, Microscope, and Scientific Method Evaluate the data collected during an investigation, critique the data-collection procedures and results, and suggest ways to make any needed improvements Metric system and conversions. Steps of the scientific method. Biological Themes o Cell structure and function o Homeostasis o Reproduction and Inheritance o Evolution o Interdependency of organisms o Matter, energy, and organization Characteristics of life o Cells o Organization o Energy use o Homeostasis o Growth o Reproduction Microscope usage Relate steps of scientific method to real life situations. Convert metric to metric, English to metric. Using a compound light microscope. Experiments. Analyze data. Concept mapping Understand the themes of biology and characteristics of life. Analyze data. Understand there is a relationship between English and metric.
Science is the attempt to understand and explain the natural world. Techniques and methods used for understanding science via the scientific method. The compound light microscope is one of the most important tools in biology. What is the relationship between English and metric units? How can data be analyzed, interpreted and represented? What are the 6 themes of biology? What are the characteristics for life? How do you properly use a microscope?
Biochemistry-Macromolecules, Water and Carbon Explain how molecules, both simple and complex, interact with one another to produce new substances. Describe the structure of a water molecule. Properties of water. Carbon compounds. Functional groups. Condensation and hydrolysis reactions. Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic Acid Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Relate the properties of water to its structure. Explain why carbon forms so many different compounds. Relate the structure of ATP, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids to their function. Interpret condensation and hydrolysis reactions. Interpret diagrams Water has many unique properties due to its molecular structure. Carbon forms many compounds due to its molecular structure. Macromolecules comprise all living things. ATP is the most important energy storing compound in all cells. What is the structure and properties of water? How does carbon form the macromolecules of life? What are the functions of the macromolecules?
Cells Know the structures and functions of the cell and its parts. Cell theory Prokaryotes/eukaryotes Major organelles Structure and function of the nucleus. Plant vs animal cell Describe the cell theory. Differentiate prokaryotes and eukaryotes Explain the functions of the organelles. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus. Differentiate plant and animal cells. Cell City Project Research Cells are the basic unit of life. Cells are comprised of subunits called organelles. Structure and function of organelles. How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different? How is the cell organized? How are plant and animal cells different?
Homeostasis, Photosynthesis and Respiration Understands the processes of homeostasis, photosynthesis, and respiration in plants and animals. Diffusion Osmosis Active transport Facilitated diffusion Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic Light/Dark Reaction Aerobic/Anaerobic respiration Relationship between photosynthesis and respiration Interpreting diagrams to understand diffusion, osmosis, active transport, facilitated diffusion, hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. Explain the light and dark reaction via diagrams. Distinguish between aerobic/anaerobic respiration. Demonstrate the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration via a balanced equation. Diagrams Organisms need to maintain homeostasis via diffusion and active transport. Photosynthesis is comprised of the light and dark reaction. The sun is the energy source for all living things. Energy produced in photosynthesis is used in respiration. Essential Question How do organisms maintain homeostasis? What are the processes of photosynthesis? What is the relationship between energy, photosynthesis and respiration?
Cell Reproduction Understands the processes of cell division and differentiation. Structure of a chromosome. Sex chromosomes and autosomes. Haploid and diploid cells. Mitosis Meiosis Cell cycle Describe the structure of a chromosome. Differentiate sex chromosomes and autosomes. Distinguish between haploid and diploid cells. Describe the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Explain the cell cycle. Mitosis lab Interpret diagrams Chromosomes determine the type and complexity of the organism. The sex of an organism is determined by chromosomes. Mitosis results in identical cells. Meiosis results in a reduction of chromosomes in cells. All cells divide via the cell cycle. How do chromosomes influence the trait of organisms? What are the processes of mitosis and meiosis? What are the steps of the cell cycle?
Genetics State the relationships between functions of the cell and functions of the organism as related to genetics and heredity. Knows ways in which genes may be altered and combined to create genetic variation within a species. Knows features of human genetics. Knows the structures of proteins and the role of proteins in cell function. 3 laws of heredity alleles and genes genotype and phenotype law of probability homozygous/heterozygous Punnett squares DNA/RNA DNA replication Protein synthesis-transcription/translation Genetic diseases Purebred/hybrid Explain the 3 laws of heredity Distinguish o Alleles/genes o Genotype/phenotype o DNA/RNA o Homozygous/heterozygous o Purebred/hybrid o Transcription/translation/replication Predict outcomes of genetic crosses. Research and explain some common genetic diseases. Research and Presentation Design and draw Punnett squares
Genetics is the basis of heredity. Genes are expressed via proteins. Proteins determine our traits. How is heredity determined? How are genes expressed? How are proteins produced and what do they do?
Evolution & Classification Understands the theory of evolution, natural selection, and biological classification. Knows the history of the origin and evolution of life on Earth. Big Bang Theory Fossils Radioactive & relative dating Geologic time scale Natural Selection Common Descent Convergent/Divergent Evolution/Coevolution Taxonomy Explain the leading theory of the formation of the universe. Interpret the evidence that has been used to generate the geologic time scale. Explain the theories of natural selection and common descent. Differentiate convergent, divergent and coevolution. Use and construct dichotomous keys. Distinguish among different levels of classification. Interpret geologic time scale Natural selection lab (birdseed) Change has been occurring in the universe since the beginning of time. Through various methods, the Earth has been determined to be billions of years old. Organisms have evolved and become extinct since the beginning of life on Earth. Genetic mutations and hybridization are the basis for evolutionary change. Scientist use taxonomy to classify and organize life. What are the leading theories on the origin of the universe? How has life changed over time?
What are evidences of evolutionary change? How are organisms classified?
Ecology Knows how the interrelationships and interdependencies among organisms generate stable ecosystems. Knows ways in which humans can alter the equilibrium of ecosystems, causing potentially irreversible effects. Ecology Levels of organization (organism, population, etc) Abiotic/Biotic factors Tolerance curve Niche Population density Dispersion Birth rate/death rate/life expectancy Age structure Developed/developing countries Predation Mimicry Parasitism Competition Species Richness/Species Diversity Community stability Succession (primary/secondary) Producers/consumers Food chains/food webs Trophic levels Ecosystem recycling Biomes (grasslands, tropical rainforest, desert, etc) Human population growth Human effects on environment Biodiversity Sequence levels of organization.(organism, population, etc) Differentiate biotic and abiotic factors. Explain population dynamics based on birth rate, death rate, life expectancy, developed and developing countries, age structure and dispersion. Distinguish different types of interactions of organisms (predation, mimicry, parasitism, competition, producers and consumers.)
Relate food webs, food chains, trophic levels and ecosystem recycling to community stability. Evaluate the human impact on the environment. Identify different biodiversity in the biomes.(grasslands, tropical rainforest, desert, etc) Jigsaw ecology units with student groups. Analyzing data regarding population etc. Human impact on the environment. Interconnectedness of all organisms. How do humans impact the environment? How are organisms interconnected?
Microorganisms Knows how organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities that reflect their evolutionary relationships. Understands that the basic idea that present day life forms have evolved from earlier organisms, going from simple to complex. Eubacteria/Arcahebacteria Shape and structure of bacteria, viruses, protists, algae and fungus. Reproduction of microorganisms. Effects of microorganisms on humans. Antibiotic usage due to microorganisms. Distinguish between structure, reproduction and human impacts for each group of microorganisms. Bacteriology lab and report Fungal growth lab Microscope lab with protists Microorganisms have structures and reproductive methods important to the function of the organism. Microorganisms have both a positive and negative impact on humans. How does the structure of microorganisms relate to its function? How do microorganisms impact humans both positively and negatively?
Plants Knows how organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities that reflect their evolutionary relationships. Understands that the basic idea that present day life forms have evolved from earlier organisms, going from simple to complex. Botany Describe plant structure (root, stem, leaves, flowers) and how it relates to function. Classification of plants (gymnosperm, angiosperm, monocot, dicot, vascular, and nonvascular). Primary/secondary growth Plant reproduction Plant responses (hormones, tropisms) Importance of plants to humans. Identify parts of root, stem, leaves, and flowers and why they are important to the functioning of the plant. Categorize plants as (gymnosperm, angiosperm, monocot, dicot, vascular, and nonvascular). Explain plant growth as related to environmental responses. Describe the importance of plants to humans. Flower dissection Pea plant experiment Seed lab Plant structures relate to function. The majority of life on earth could not survive without plants. How does plant structure relate to function? Why are plants so vital to the survival of so many organisms?
Invertebrates Knows how organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities that reflect their evolutionary relationships. Understands that the basic idea that present day life forms have evolved from earlier organisms, going from simple to complex. Invertebrate/vertebrate Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Mollusks Annelids Arthropods Insects Echinoderms Distinguish invertebrates from vertebrates. Identify specific examples of different types of invertebrates. Structure and function of invertebrates (ie, sponges, cnidarian, flatworms, mollusks, insects) Earthworm dissection Crayfish dissection Grasshopper dissection Squid dissection Organisms are categorized in terms of complexity. Invertebrates are an important of the ecosystem and comprise 3/4ths of all animal species. How are invertebrates categorized in terms of complexity? Why are invertebrates important to an ecosystem?
Vertebrates Knows how organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities that reflect their evolutionary relationships. Understands that the basic idea that present day life forms have evolved from earlier organisms, going from simple to complex. Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Anatomy of vertebrates, both external and internal. Characteristics of each category of vertebrates. Perch dissection Frog dissection Organisms are categorized in terms of complexity. Invertebrates are an important of the ecosystem and comprise 3/4ths of all animal species. Identify specific examples of different types of vertebrates. How are vertebrates categorized in terms of complexity? Why are vertebrates important to an ecosystem?
Human Anatomy Knows how organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities that reflect their evolutionary relationships. Understands that the basic idea that present day life forms have evolved from earlier organisms, going from simple to complex. Skeletal system Muscular system Circulatory system Respiratory system Digestive system Nervous system Endocrine system Immune system Integumentary system Structures and function of parts of a system. The interconnectedness of systems. The effect of life style or choices on the various systems. Group research and presentations Each system is comprised of various structures to support its function. The human body is dependent on multiple systems working together. Life style or choices can influence the overall functioning of the body systems. How does life style or choices influence the functioning of the body systems? What structures comprise each system? How are systems affected by one another?