INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NUCLEONS IN THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS By Nesho Kolev Neshev It is known tht between the nucleons in the tomic nucleus there re forces with fr greter mgnitude in comprison to the electrosttic nd grvittionl interctions between them. These nucler forces, lso clled strong interction, determine the strong connection between the nucler prticles the nucleons. The empiric equtions, which re employed in clculting the nucler forces, don t give us ny informtion bout the chrcter nd nture of the physicl processes ssocited with the interction between the nucleons in the tomic nucleus. The purpose of this work is to mke n ttempt t clrifying the resons behind nd the chrcter of the interctions between the nucleons in the tomic nucleus, while specultions bout the structure of the nucleons nd the tomic nucleus re being considered. The uthor considers tht such clrifictions will gretly contribute to the enhncement of our knowledge of the tomic nucleus on one hnd, nd will serve s bsis for the future development of the nucler physics nd its prcticl pplictions, on the other hnd.. Bsic ssumptions.. We ssume tht the strong interction is tking plce between every two neighbor nucleons in the tomic nucleus nd is quntum of energy, EE = h νν tht is being emitted from the first nd bsorbed by the second nucleon. If we succeed in finding ν, we will determine the vlue of the nucler forces... Further we use the Huygens-Fresnel principle bout diffrction of the wves, which pplied in this cse t certin boundry conditions, leds us to the eqution rr νν = cc xx () where: r - rdil size (rdius) of the nucleons t the moment of interction. x - distnce between the two nucleons t the moment of interction. The boundry conditions for the mentioned cse re: - becuse of the indivisibility of quntum of energy, the number of the zones of Fresnel equls. - quntum of energy with frequency νν is considered flt wve, diffrcted by the emitting nucleon onto the bsorbing nucleon. From this time forth we will be looking t the bsic stte of the tomic nucleus, not t its excited stte, i.e. quntum number n =..3. Using dt from experiments for the energy E, we determine ν nd from () we scertin tht t the moment of interction rr xx. This conclusion leds to very importnt ssumptions, nmely:.4. In the moment of interction we cn look t the nucleons s flt prticles, nd if we go into detil, s composed from positively chrged nucleus (further referred to s micronucleus) nd the prticles revolving round it. K -meson in cse of the neutron nd Kº
-meson in cse of the proton. The revolving motion of the chrged prticles will be used s circulr current. After such ssumption we immeditely find out the following bout the mgnetic momentum of the neutron: e.ћ µ n = =,95µ. cm. K The stble levels of the K -meson regrding the micronucleus re r n = () e². mk In which n is the quntum number. As we lredy pointed out, n =. For the free neutron we get r = 5, 44 cm..5. The strong interction is being cused by resonnce phenomen between the intercting nucleons circulr currents.. Atomic resonnce equtions.. The emitting of quntum of energy tkes plce, when the nturl frequency of the emitting nucleon becomes equl to the nturl frequency of the whole system of two nucleons, while the two nucleons move towrds one nother or wy from ech other. The frequency of the quntum of energy is equl to this frequency, which we cll resonnce. Similrly, we cll the distnce between the two nucleons t the moment of interction resonnce distnce. Under the influence of the emitted quntum of energy, the nucleons come closer to ech other, until this is stopped by the force of electrosttic repulsion, fter which begins the seprtion of the nucleons from ech other. They go through the resonnce distnce gin, where quntum of energy is being emitted once more, et ceter. We hve n infinitely pulsing nucleus... Let us go bck to determining the nturl frequency of the nucleon nd the system of two nucleons, in this cse neutron nd proton ( D ). From the theoreticl electricl engineering is known, tht the nturl frequency of the system of two circulr currents is ω = C. c M where: M mutul inductnce of the system. C c cpcity of the system. M= µ.. rf( k) f( k) = k. K. E k k 4r k = x + 4r π dβ K = ; C c k sin ( β ) 4πεr = k K kk π E = k sin ( β). d β
After trnsformtions we get: kk for 4rr KK llll r π νr εµ where: ε - electric permittivity of the vcuum. µ - Mgnetic permebility of the vcuum.... - rdius of the section of the circulr current ( K -meson) x = (3) x The nturl frequency of the circulr current is clculted nlogiclly. We get: π.. νr εµ. = (4) In cse of the two nucleons r = (') e². mk After the pproprite clcultions from equtions, ', 3 nd 4, we get for D : r =, 75 cm; νν =, 65 Hz 3 x = 3, 8 cm; E =, 69 MeV energy of the strong (resonnce) 4 =,36 cm; interction In the nucleus, s known, there re electrosttic forces between the chrged prticles t work, therefore the full interction energy between the proton nd the neutron in D is P = E + U where: U - energy of the electrosttic interction. As we use our knowledge of the theoreticl electricl engineering, we find U nd fter clcultion we get: P =, 6 MeV.3. The equtions ', 3 nd 4 ssume the corresponding ppernce for the bigger nuclei: r = ('') SNe². mk where S N gives n ccount bout the influence of the positively chrged micronuclei. In this cse we hve ccepted tht the micronuclei (respectively the nucleons) re rrnged in line. N is the number of nucleons in the given nucleus. ν. Ar.. x = (3') x
ν. Ar.. = (4') where: N A = 4π εµ N N - number of neutrons in the nucleus As we lredy mentioned, besides the resonnce interction, in the nucleus there re constnt electrosttic forces t work, which cn be esily determined. Then the full energy of the interction between every two neighbor nucleons in the nucleus is esn es. N x P= hν + (5) where S N nd N x r S re sums, depending upon the position of the two nucleons in the nucleus..3.exmples - For the nucleus of 9 Be 4 3 r = 8, 6 cm; 4 x = 8, 64 cm ν =, 99 Hz; E =, 67 MeV 5 = 5, 4 cm; - For the nucleons in the nucleus of 35 U 9 3 r =, 67 cm; 4 x =, 6 cm ν =, 545 Hz; E =, 53 MeV.4. So fr we hve ccepted, tht the quntum of energy emitting nucleon is the neutron, s in the tomic nucleus occurs а continuous conversion of neutrons into protons nd constnt cycle of coming nerer nd seprting of the neutrons; it ppers tht the nucleus is pulsing. Moreover the number of protons nd neutrons t every moment is constnt. 3. Possible pplictions The here presented ides give us less nswers thn they pose questions, pointing us in the direction of deeper study of the tomic nucleus nd the elementry prticles. Along with the theoreticl significnce, I d like to point out some more concrete pplictions: 3.. Exption of the formtion of the tomic nucleus fter the Big Bng: t definite stge of the expnding mtter the nucleons re formed. As the nucleons continue to expnd, they go through the resonnce distnce nd form the tomic nuclei. 3.. An lterntive method to chieve nucler fusion: for this purpose we need to ensure the reching of resonnce distnce between the nucleons. In other words we use protons nd neutrons to strt the rection, for exmple by reching the required high pressure (other externl influences cn be pplied), therefter light nuclei re being inserted to increse the power.
3.3. It sounds quite lchemicl, nevertheless it cn be expected, tht we cn destroy given nucleus in preliminrily chosen point by externlly influencing it with certin frequency, in which cse we will get the desired new nucleus. 3.4. It cn be shown, tht there is such mximl number of nucleons nd such proportion between protons nd neutrons, fter which the nucleus, in nturl conditions, cnnot exist. 3.5. Exption of the nturl rdioctivity nd mny other phenomen relted to the tomic nucleus. Bibliogrphy:. A.V. Beklemishev, Mesures nd Units of Physicl Quntities. Moscow: Fizmtgiz, 963 (in Russin).. Y.G. Dorfmn, The Mgnetic Properties of the Atomic Nucleus. Moscow: Gostekhizdt, 948 (in Russin). 3. N.I. Krykin, K.N. Bystrov, nd P.S. Kireev, Concise Hndbook of Physics. Moscow: Vysshy Shkol, 96 (in Russin). 4. H. Kopfermnn, Nucler Moments, 96 (in Russin). 5. M.I. Korsunsky, Optics, tomic structure, tomic nucleus. Moscow: Fizmtgiz, 967 (in Russin). 6. L.R. Neimn nd K.S. Demirchyn, Theoreticl Foundtions of Electricl Engineering, Vol. I. Energiy, Leningrd, 98 (in Russin). 7. L.R. Neimn, P. Ktrov, Theoreticl Foundtions of Electricl Engineering, prt 3. Moskw-Leningrd: Gosenergoizdt, 959 (in Russin).