Periodic tablenotebook Periodic Table 1) Become familiar with the different regions of the periodic table/types of elements 2) Become familiar with the information available in each element box of the periodic table Lesson objectives Teachers' notes One of the most important and versatile tools you will use in chemistry is The Periodic Table 1
Periodic tablenotebook Individual Elements Each box contains information about an individual element: Element Name Atomic Number Element Symbol Click on the labels with this symbol for more information Atomic Mass Back Atomic Number This represents the number of protons each atom of this element contains This defines the element Anything else about an atom can be changed without making it a different element (electrons, mass, neutrons) 2
Periodic tablenotebook Back Atomic Mass This represents the average atomic mass of the element It is equal to the number of protons + the number of neutrons In the 1860s, Dmitiri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, was the first person to organize the known elements into a chart He arranged them by atomic mass, and noticed common characteristics within the groups (Now, we organize them by atomic number) Remember, Groups (or Families) are columns Periods are rows 3
Periodic tablenotebook Organization of the Periodic Table 3 main categories: Metals Nonmetals Metalloids (Semi metals) Physical Properties Metals are shiny, malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets) ductile (can be stretched into a wire), a solid at room temperature, and conduct electricity or heat Nonmetals are dull, brittle, a solid or gas at room temperature, and do not conduct electricity or heat Metalloids have the characteristics of both metals and non metals They are typically solids, and are semi conductors (they conduct electricity under special conditions) Ex silicon 4
Periodic tablenotebook Organization of the Periodic Table The 3 large categories (metal, nonmetal, metalloid) can be broken down into smaller subcategories Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Halogens Noble Gases Families on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table Elements in each family react differently with other elements 5
Periodic tablenotebook ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a nonmetal Brainiac video All are metals and solid at room temp 1 Valence Electron Soft and silvery, shiny Very reactive, esp with water Conduct electricity Image: http://wwwlearnerorg/interactives/periodic/groups2html ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 Metals Solids at room temp 2 electrons in the outer shell White, silvery, and malleable Reactive, but less than Alkali metals Conduct electricity 6
Periodic tablenotebook TRANSITION METALS Group 3 12 Metals Almost all are solids at room temp (Hg) Good conductors of heat and electricity 1 or 2 Valence Electrons Less Reactive than Alkali and Alkaline Earth Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes BORON FAMILY Group 13 3 electrons in the outer shell Most are metals Boron is a metalloid Reactive Solid at room temp 7
Periodic tablenotebook CARBON FAMILY Group 14 4 electrons in the outer shell Contains 3 metals, 2 metalloids, and 1 nonmetal Carbon (C) Reactivity varies Solids at room temp NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15 5 electrons in the outer shell Can share electrons to form compounds Contains 2 metals, 2 metalloids, and 2 nonmetals Reactivity Varies Nitrogen is the only gas at room temp, rest are solids 8
Periodic tablenotebook OXYGEN FAMILY Group 16 6 electrons in the outer shell Contains 1 metal, 2 metalloids, and 3 nonmetals Reactive Oxygen is a gas, the rest are solids at room temp Halogens Group 17 7 electrons in the outer shell Non metals, Uus is unknown Very reactive (most reactive non metals) are often bonded with Group 1 Alkali Metals Most reactive are at the top of the periodic table Has 2 gases, 1 liquid (Br), and 2 solids 9
Periodic tablenotebook Noble Gases Group 18 Exist as gases Non metals 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full Not reactive with other elements, are considered stable or inert Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive The rare earths are silver, silvery white, or gray metals Conduct electricity Are considered part of periods 6 & 7 10
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