Fun with Botany 2009

Fun with Botany 2009

Fun with Botany April, 2002

Plant Uses and Types Gymnosperms Angiosperms Monocots Dicots

Gymnosperms Keep leaves which are either needles or flat scales Seeds are not enclosed Give off sticky substance (resin)

Angiosperms Monocots Seeds One (1) cotyledon Flowers Flower parts in mutiples of three (3) Leaves Linear, parallel veination Vascular System Scattered bundles Growth Habit Herbaceous to wood-like, no true wood

Angiosperms Dicot Seeds Two (2) cotyledons Flowers Flowers parts in mutiples of four (4) or five (5) Leaves Broad, petiole present, net veination Vascular System Ring of vascular bundles Growth Habit Herbaceous or woody

Plant Classifications Annuals Biennials Perennials

Annuals Complete cycle from seed germination to seed production in one growing season, and then die

Biennials Produce vegetative structures and food storage organs in the first season. During the second season, flowers, fruit and seed develop to complete the life cycle.

Perennials Plants live for many years and typically produce flowers and seeds each year after reaching maturity. If top dies back considered herbaceous. If top persists it is classified as woody.

Parts of a Plant Vegetative Reproductive

Roots Function Anchor the plant Absorb water and nutrients Storage organ

Roots Types Types Taproot Fibrous

Roots Cross Section Cross Section Xylem and Phloem Root Hair Epidermis Cortex

Roots How they grow Root Tip Zone of Elongation Zone of Maturation

Fun with Botany 2007

Stem Functions Support leaves and buds Carries water, nutrients, and food

Stem External Parts Node Internode Buds Types Leaf Flower Location Terminal Lateral/Axillary Adventitious

Stem Internal Parts Vascular Bundles Xylem Phloem Cambium Epidermis Cortex Pith Bark

Modifications of Stems Crown Spurs Rhizomes/Stolons

More Modifications of Stems Tuber Bulb Corm

Fun with Botany 2007

Leaves Functions Primarily responsible for absorbing sunlight for manufacturing plant sugars

Leaves External Parts Blade Veins Lobe Midrib Petiole

Leaves Internal Parts Waxy layer Upper/Lower epidermis Stomata Guard cells Vein Palisade layer Spongy layer

Leaves Types Simple Compound

Leaves Arrangement Alternate Opposite Whorled

Leaves Shapes Leaf blade Apex & bases Margins

Leaves - Veination Pinnate veination Feather-like, net veination with lateral veins extending from a central midrib

Leaves Veination (con t) Palmate Finger-like, net veination with several major veins diverging from the petioleleaf blade union

Leaves Veination (con t) Parallel Principle veins parallel to the axis of the leaf

Fun with Botany 2007

In the Garden

Flowers Parts Petals Sepals Pistils Stamens Photos from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy

Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy

Flowers Types Complete contains all floral parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils Incomplete Lacks one one more of floral parts

Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy

Flowers Reproductive Perfect Contains both pistils and stamens Differences Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy

Flowers Reproductive Differences (con t) Imperfect lacks either pistils or stamens Pistillate contains only pistils Staminate contains only stamens

Imperfect Flower Types Monoecious Both staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant Dioecious Staminate and pistillate flowers occur on separate plants Graphics from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy

Attracting Pollinators Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy

Advertising with Color Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy

Advertising with Scents

Advertising with Shapes

Fruit Types Simple Multiple Aggregate

Seeds Parts Seedcoat Endosperm Embryo

Seed Germination Factors Affecting Water Light Oxygen Heat

Seed Dispersal Wind Water Animals, etc.

Seeds Dormancy Scarification Stratification

Plant Naming Binomial Nomenclature K kingdom P phylum C class O order F family G genus S species Pyrus calleryana Bradford Rosaceae

Plant Processes Photosynthesis Produces food Stores energy Occurs in cells that contain chloroplasts Releases oxygen Uses water

Plant Processes (con t) Respiration Uses food for plant energy Releases energy Occurs in all cells Uses oxygen Produces water

Factors Affecting Growth Light Quality red and blue best, green is reflected Daylength short day (SD) vs. long day (LD) plants Temperature Affects flowering Affects plant growth Protects plants from blooming at wrong time Increases respiration, transpiration

Fun with Botany 2007