AP Biology - Problem Drill 17: Plant Structure Question No. 1 of 10 1. What are hair-like outgrowths that protect and absorb nutrients? Question #01 (A) Buds (B) Lateral meristem (C) Apical meristem (D) Stem (E) Trichomes A bud is an undeveloped shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of the stem. The lateral meristem tissues are found in stems or roots for growing laterally (thicker). A type of embryonic tissue in plants consisting of unspecialized meristematic cells and found in tips of roots and shoots. A stem is the part of a plant from which shoots and buds arise. E. Correct! Trichomes are hair-like outgrowths with protective and absorptive functions. Epidermal tissue is made of epidermal cells, guard cells and trichomes. Epidermal cells are a single layer of cells that cover plants and secrete a layer of cuticular wax for protection. Guard cells are specialized cells on the undersurface of leaves. There is a hole that exists between a pair of guard cells. They are important for controlling gas exchange and water loss. Trichomes/Roothairs are a hair-like outgrowth on the surface of a plant. They help to protect and absorb nutrients. The correct answer is (E).
Question No. 2 of 10 2. Xylem is the tissue in a vascular plant that is used to transport? Question #02 (A) Water and minerals (B) Sugar and other nutrients (C) Carbon dioxide (D) Cellulose (E) Oxygen A. Correct! Xylem is used to transport water. Phloem is used to transport sugar. Carbon dioxide is moved in and out of the leaf through the stoma. Cellulose is the structural polysaccharide found in the plant. Oxygen is moved into and out of the leaf through the stoma. Vascular Bundle Tissue is made of the xylem and phloem. Xylem is the main water-conducting tissue. It contains vessel elements and tracheids. Both cell types have a rigid, lignin-containing secondary cell wall and both are dead when mature. Phloem is the principal food-conducting tissue in vascular plants. It contains sieve cells and sieve-tube members. These cells form tubes to conduct food. The correct answer is (A).
Question No. 3 of 10 3. A root system with an enlarged primary root is called a? Question #03 (A) Tap root (B) Fibrous root (C) Prop root (D) Aerial root (E) Storage root A. Correct! Tap root is the main primary root growing downward. Fibrous roots are roots branching and re-branching. Most grass species have this type of roots. Prop roots come out from the lower part of stems. Aerial roots anchor climbing stems to vertical surfaces. Storage roots are used for food storage. There are many different types of roots: Fibrous roots are roots branching and re-branching; most grass species have this type of roots. Tap root is the main root growing downward. The primary root grows much larger than the secondary roots. Most of the trees have this type of root. Prop roots come out from the lower part of stems. Aerial roots anchor climbing stems to vertical surfaces. Storage roots are used for food storage e.g., horseradish. The correct answer is (A).
Question No. 4 of 10 4. The pores in the epidermis of leaves that control water evaporation are called? Question #04 (A) Plasmodesmata (B) Bud (C) Stomata (D) Stem (E) Leave Plasmodesmata are structures connecting two neighboring cells for cell-cell communication. A bud is an undeveloped shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of the stem. C. Correct! Stomata are the pores that are flanked by the guard cells. A stem is the part of a plant from which shoots and buds arise. Leaves function in photosynthesis. Guard Cells: Located on lower epidermis Control gas exchange and water loss. Occur in pairs and are shaped so that a stomata (a pore) exists between them. They can change shape, which results in the pore disappearing. The correct answer is (C).
Question No. 5 of 10 5. Which of the following characteristics is shared by a monocot and a dicot? Question #05 (A) Arrangement of vascular bundle. (B) Leave veins. (C) Flower pedal numbers. (D) Cotyledon numbers. (E) Root caps. Monocots and dicots have different arrangement of vascular bundles. Monocots and dicots have different leaf veins. Monocots and dicots have different numbers of flower petals. Monocots and dicots have different numbers of cotyledons. E. Correct! Both have root caps. Both monocot and dicot are flowering plants and fall into the category of angiosperms. Monocots have one cotyledon, parallel leaf veins, flower number in 3 and scattered vascular bundles. Dicots have two cotyledons, net-like leaf veins flowers in 4 or 5, and vascular bundles arranged in a ring. The correct answer is (E).
Question No. 6 of 10 6. A plant that has one seed leaf, parallel leaf veins, and flowers in multiple of three, and scattered vascular bundles is called what? Question #06 (A) Moss (B) Monocot (C) Dicot (D) Gymnosperm (E) None of the above A moss is not an angiosperm. It is more of a primitive plant. B. Correct! These are characteristics of a moncot. These are not characteristics of a dicot. A gymnosperm is a different type of plant that does not have flowers. The answer is listed here in the choices, so this cannot be the right answer. Both monocot and dicot are flowering plants and fall into the category of angiosperms. Monocots have one cotyledon, parallel leaf veins, flower number in 3, and scattered vascular bundles. Dicots have two cotyledons, net-like leaf veins, flowers in 4 or 5, and vascular bundles arranged in a ring. The correct answer is (B).
Question No. 7 of 10 7. Which cells in the leaf are important for photosynthesis? Question #07 (A) Guard cells (B) Epidermal cells (C) Mesophyll cells (D) Cuticle cells (E) None of the above Guard cells are specialized cells on the undersurface of leaves. There is a hole that exists between a pair of guard cells. The guard cells control gas exchange and water loss. Epidermal cells are needed for protection and interaction with environment. C. Correct! Mesophyll cells are needed for photosynthesis. A cuticle wax layer is secreted by upper epidermal cells for protection. The correct answer is listed in the choices above, so it cannot be none of the above. The following is found in the leaf: Cuticle Wax Layer is secreted by upper epidermal cells for protection. Vascular Bundle is used for transportation. Mesophyll Cells are used for photosynthesis. Epidermal Cells are used for protection and interaction with environment. The correct answer is (C).
Question No. 8 of 10 8. Which part of the plant contributes to the growth that thickens the stems and roots? Question #08 (A) Lateral meristem (B) Apical meristem (C) Terminal bud (D) Roots (E) Stem A. Correct! The lateral meristem tissues are found in stems or roots and are used for growing laterally (thicker). The apical meristem is a type of embryonic tissue in plants consisting of unspecialized meristematic cells and is found in tips of roots and shoots. A terminal bud is an undeveloped shoot and normally occurs at the tip of the stem. The root is usually under the ground and it anchors plants to soil, absorb and transducts nutrients. A stem is the part of a plant from which shoots and buds arise. Meristem is a kind of embryonic tissue in plants made up of unspecialized meristematic cells located at roots and shoots meristems. There are root and shoot apical meristems at the tips of stems and roots. This is where growth causes an increase in length of stems and roots. Lateral meristems (axillary meristems) control the growth that thickens stems and roots. The correct answer is (A).
Question No. 9 of 10 9. What is composed of living cells and transports organic food, like carbohydrates, from the leaves to other parts of the plants? Question #09 (A) Stem (B) Xylem (C) Roots (D) Epidermal cells (E) None of the above A stem is the part of a plant from which shoots and buds arise. It functions in support and transport. Xylem is the main water-conducting tissue. The root is usually under the ground and anchors plants to soil. Epidermal cells secrete a layer of cuticular wax for protection. E. Correct! The correct choice is phloem and it is not listed here. Therefore, this is the right answer. Vascular Bundle Tissue is made of the xylem and phloem. Xylem is the main water-conducting tissue. It contains vessel elements and tracheids. Both cell types have a rigid, lignin-containing secondary cell wall and both are dead when mature. Phloem is the principal food-conducting tissue in vascular plants. It contains sieve cells and sieve-tube members. These cells form tubes to conduct food. The correct answer is (E).
Question No. 10 of 10 10. Which of the following is/are modified stem(s)? Question #10 (A) Tuber (B) Stolons (C) Bulbs (D) Corms (E) All of the above A tuber is a modified stem. It is not the only one listed here. A stolon is a modified stem. It is not the only one listed here. A bulb is a modified stem. It is not the only one listed here. A corm is a modified stem. It is not the only one listed here. E. Correct! All of the following are examples of modified stems. A stem is the part of a plant from which shoots and buds arise. The functions of stems include: support for leaves and increasing in diameter (girth), as well as elongation and transport of fluids between the roots and leaves. Modified Stems have various functions: Tubers for storage of food, for example, potato Stolons for generating new plants, for example, strawberry Bulbs for storage of food, for example, tulips and onions Corms for food storage, for example, Taros The correct answer is (E).