Lecture 4 Root Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions 1. The perception of gravity by a root is thought to take place in a) root hairs b) the region of elongation c) the region of cell division (apical meristem) d) the region of maturation e) the root cap 2. Which of the following is / are absent in dicot roots? a) xylem b) phloem c) epidermis d) cortex e) exodermis 3. Cells of the apical meristem a) have large vacuoles b) divide at a fairly steady rate c) have little to do with the root cap d) are generally cuboidal in shape e) have no nuclei 4. The tissue adjacent to the endodermis toward the center of a root is the a) cortex b) pith c) pericycle d) xylem e) phloem 5. Which of the following cells is relatively thin-walled? a) stone cell b) fiber c) tracheid d) vessel element e) passage cell 6. Which of the following tissues is common in roots but not in stems? a) endodermis b) parenchyma
c) cortex d) epidermis e) pith 7. Parts of the pericycle and parenchyma between the arms of xylem and patches of phloem in young roots of many dicots and conifers becomes a) cork cambium b) endodermis c) cortex d) vascular cambium e) Casparian strips 8. The most abundant type of cells in periderm is a) parenchyma b) collenchyma c) cork d) vessel element e) ray initials 9. In addition to anchoring a plant, roots usually function directly in which of the following processes? a) photosynthesis b) production of new leaves c) production of bud scales d) absorption of minerals in solution e) all of these answers are correct 10. Root hairs first appear in the a) root cap b) apical meristem c) region of elongation d) root axils e) region of maturation 11. It is believed that the perception of gravity by roots is aided by a) amyloplasts b) chloroplasts c) chromoplasts d) leucoplasts e) gravoplasts
12. Where do vacuoles, which occupy 90% or more of a cell, develop? a) the apical meristem b) the region of maturation c) the region of elongation d) fiber cells e) None of these answers are correct 13. Cells of an endodermis that do not have Casparian strips are a) sieve-tube elements b) tracheids c) fibers d) collenchyma e) passage cell 14. The tissue in which a cork cambium first develops in woody dicot roots is the a) pericycle b) endodermis c) primary xylem d) primary phloem e) cortex ********************************************************* Put (True) or (False) with each following sentences. 15. A root hair consists of a short row of cells ( ). 16. Pith tissue is absent in many dicot roots ( ). 17. The protective suberin bands called Casparian strips are confined to the cells of the epidermis ( ). 18. Outer cells of the root cap secrete mucilage ( ). 19. The perception of gravity by a root is aided by amyloplasts ( ). 20. Casparian strips are composed primarily of suberin ( ). 21. Passage cell are found in the pericycle ( ). 22. In dicot roots the xylem usually is first formed in discrete patches ( ). *********************************************************** Lecture 4 Stem Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions
1. An annual ring a) consists primarily of cell produced by an apical meristem b) consists of one year's growth of xylem and phloem c) consists one year's growth of xylem d) includes cortex and pith tissue e) conducts food 2. Which of the following statements pertaining to monocots is true? a) they have no cambium b) their vascular bundles are arranged in a ring c) most of them are woody d) they have a definite cortex and pith e) their stems generally have conspicuous cork 3. In a mature, woody dicot stem, the living tissue sandwiched between the xylem and the phloem is the a) vascular cambium b) cortex c) apical meristem d) cork cambium e) pith 4. Which of the following gives rise to primary tissues? a) procambium b) phelloderm c) cork cambium d) vascular cambium e) phloem rays 5. The tyloses that prevent conduction of any kind in wood are most frequently found in a) laticifers b) sieve-tube elements c) resin canals d) cork cells e) xylem cells 6. The ground tissue or fundamental tissue of monocots is composed of a) collenchyma b) sclerenchyma
c) parenchyma d) cork cells e) meristematic cells 7. The procambium produces a) secondary xylem and phloem b) cortex c) pith d) epidermis e) primary xylem and phloem 8. In woody dicots, which of the following may eventually be crushed as growth occurs? a) secondary xylem b) cork c) cork cambium d) pith e) vascular cambium 9. Which of the following are leaf gaps and bud gaps? a) gaps in the cylinders of xylem and phloem where traces branch off from them b) air space in leaves c) spaces on internodes between leaves d) spaces between bud scales e) None of these answers are correct 10. Cells produced by the vascular cambium do not include a) tracheids b) vessel elements c) phelloderm d) sieve-tube elements e) companion cells 11. Increase in girth of a tree is due to the activity of a) procambium b) ground meristem c) protoderm d) vascular cambium e) periderm 12. As woody stems age, lenticels develop directly beneath a) outer xylem b) stomata
c) axillary buds d) terminal buds e) outer phloem 13. Which of the following would not be part of a stele? a) cortex b) primary xylem c) primary phloem d) pith e) all of these answers are correct 14. Discrete patches of xylem and phloem found in herbaceous dicot stems are called a) lenticels b) steles c) vascular bundles d) annual rings e) tyloses 15. Older, nonfunctioning xylem is called a) sapwood b) summer wood c) spring wood d) winter wood e) heartwood 16. Rays consist primarily of a) dead cells b) long-lived parenchyma c) tracheids d) vessel element e) sieve tubes 17. In monocot stems the parenchyma cells are referred to collectively as a) cortex b) pith c) phelloderm d) vascular bundles e) ground or fundamental tissue 18. Wood is composed primarily of cellulose and a) lignin b) pectin
c) starch d) glucose e) suberin *********************************************************** Put (True) or (False) with each following sentences. 19. The cortex and the pith consist primarily of parenchyma cells ( ). 20. Lenticels and stomata function in gas exchange ( ). 21. The tissue of vascular bundles of herbaceous stems are not found in woody stems ( ). 22. Phloem rays appear to be continuous with xylem rays ( ). 23. Lignin, which is found in the walls of xylem cells, makes the cells tough and hard ( ). Lecture 4 Leaf Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions 1. Which of the following do guard cells and palisade mesophyll cells have in common? a) cuticle wax b) thick walls c) chloroplasts d) vascular bundles e) fibers 2. Leaf veins are located in which of the following? a) upper epidermis b) enations c) lower epidermis d) endodermis e) mesophyll 3. When an abscission layer forms at the base of a leaf petiole in the fall, which of the following tissues is the first to become blocked? a) xylem b) phloem c) cambium d) cork cambium e) pith
4. Which of the following leaf pigments is / are red if the cell sap is slightly acid and blue if the cell sap is slightly alkaline? a) carotenes b) xanthophylls c) chlorophyll a d) anthocyanins e) chlorophyll b 5. A bundle sheath is a jacket of fibers surrounding a) a vein b) the cortex c) the mesophyll d) stomata e) a petiole 6. The epidermis of leaves normally is coated with a) suberin b) lignin c) resin d) latex e) cutin 7. Which of the following is primarily responsible for forcing water out of hydathodes? a) root pressures b) transpiration c) osmosis d) photosynthesis e) None of these answers are correct 8. Another name for mesophyll cells is a) collenchyma b) chlorenchyma c) sclerenchyma d) cortex e) pith 9. Which of the following is a function of a stoma? a) admission of oxygen to the interior of a leaf b) permitting carbon dioxide to diffuse out c) allowing light to reach the interior of a leaf
d) facilitating transpiration e) all of these answers are correct 10. The jacket of cells surrounding a leaf vein is usually termed a / an a) bundle sheath b) protective parenchyma layer c) fiber-tracheid layer d) ray e) myelin sheath 11. The large cells of certain grass leaves that permit the leaves to roll up under dry conditions are a) pulvinar cells b) collenchyma c) bulliform cells d) aerenchyma cells e) aridophile cells 12. In most leaves the number of stomata per square centimeter of surface is a) 25-50 b) 100-200 c) 250-500 d) 500-750 e) over 1,000 13. All leaves originate as a) bud scales b) primordia c) axillary buds d) terminal buds e) stipules 14. In spines most of the normal leaf tissue is replaced with a) collenchyma b) chlorenchyma c) sclerenchyma d) rays cells e) cortex 15. The leaf pigments mostly responsible for gold to orange leaf colors in the fall are
a) xanthophylls b) anthocyanins c) betacyanins d) carotenes e) chlorophylls 16. In the abscission zone of the leaf, which of the following is closest to the stem? a) separation layer b) gelatinous layer c) protective layer d) hormonal layer e) None of these answers are correct ***************************************************** Put (True) or (False) with each following sentences. 17. Leaf mesophyll consists primarily of chlorenchyma tissue ( ). 18. If you were looking for bundle sheath cells in a leaf, you would usually find them forming a layer next to the upper epidermis ( ). 19. Stomata open when the water content of the guard cells increases ( ). 20. The protective layer of an abscission zone forms on the stem side of a leaf petiole ( ). 21. Anthocyanins are the principal pigments responsible for yellow and orange colors in fall leaves ( ). 22. Most photosynthesis in a leaf takes place in the spongy mesophyll ( ). 23. All leaves originate as primordia ( ). ****************************************************** Matching: Write in meddle column the number for the best answer. 1. Root cap 6 its inner boundary the cortex has Casparian strips. 2. Protoderm 5 greatly increase the absorptive surface of the root. 3. Ground meristem 4 produces primary xylem, phloem, and pith. 4. Procambium 3 produces the cortex in root. 5. The root hairs 2 produces the epidermis. 6. Endodermis 1 aids in the perception of gravity. 7. In dicots stem 14 some endodermal cells remain thin-walled. 8. Leaf primordia 13 arise of the pericycle. 9. Grass roots 12 in young roots arise of parts of the pericycle and
parenchyma between xylem and phloem. 10. Cork cambium 11 on the radial and transverse walls of endodermis. 11. Casparian strips 10 usually arises in the pericycle. 12. Vascular cambium 9 do have pith tissue. 13. Branch roots 8 develop into mature leaves when growth begins. 14. Passage cells 7 ground meristem produces pith and cortex. 15. Summer wood 20 the primary xylem and phloem are in discrete. 16. Spring wood 19 develop from primordia. 17. Herbaceous dicots 18 traces of xylem and phloem branch off from the 18. leaf or bud gaps 19. leaves and buds main cylinder. 17 have vascular bundles arranged in a ring in stem. 16 usually has relatively large vessel members. 20. Vascular bundles 15 has smaller vessels and/or a predominance of 21. Laticifers tracheids. 24 is 1 year s growth of xylem. 22. Sapwood 23 older wood toward the center ceases to function when its cells become plugged with tyloses. 23. Heartwood 22 younger wood, functioning wood is closer to the surface. 24. An annual ring 21 are latex-secreting cells or ducts. 25. Monocot stems 27 surrounded by a sheath of sclerenchyma cells. 26. Fundamental tissue 26 of monocots is not divided into pith and cortex. 27. Vascular bundle is 25 have scattered vascular bundles and no cambia. 28. The mesophyll 31 under dry conditions, causing the leaf blade to fold; the folding reduces transpiration. 29. Guttation 30 usually do not have the mesophyll differentiated into palisade and spongy layers. 30. Monocot leaves 29 the loss of water through hydathodes 31. The bulliform cells 28 may be divided into an upper palisade layer, and a lower spongy layer. 32. Casparian strip 33 sap flow through hydathodes driven by root pressure. 33. Guttation 32 layer of suberin wax embedded in root cells.