Iow Trining Systems Tril Snus Hill Winery Mdrid, IA Din R. Cohrn nd Gil R. Nonneke Deprtment of Hortiulture, Iow Stte University Bkground nd Rtionle: Over the lst severl yers, five sttes hve een evluting trining systems for old limte grpe ultivrs s prt of the Northern Grpes Projet. With this multi-stte ollortive effort, we hve inresed prodution of old hrdy grpes (Vitis vinifer-sed hyrids) nd onsumer eptne, nd we ontinue to mke strides to understnding old hrdy grpe ultivr performne. Tretments: In 2012, vines originlly trined to single urtin ilterl ordon system were either left lone or onverted to single or split nopy system. The vines lso were trined to following systems in 2013 nd 2014. Top wire ordon (TWC): High wire ordon Genev doule urtin (GDC): TWC with divided nopy Mid-wire ordon with split nopy nd vertil shoot position (SH): Sott Henry or Smrt-Dyson Mid-wire ordon/vertil shoot position (VSP): Single nopy Methods: Vines were shoot-thinned to retin no more thn five shoots per foot of ordon. Tretments were pplied to three-vine pnels nd replited four times in rndomied omplete lok design. Time to perform eh prtie per vine ws reorded. Fruit were hrvested, weighed nd 300-erry su-smple ws olleted to nlye fruit qulity hrteristis (Brix, ph, TA, nd mli nd trtri ids) of those ultivrs with fruit in 2013. Due to ird nd roon predtion to the Mrquette nd Fronten vines, hrvestle rop ws not produed in 2014 nd 2015, ut lor time ws reorded for pplying tretments. Dt of lor nd yield vriles were nlyed using Tukey s djustment for multiple omprisons. Results: 2013: In Fronten nd L Cresent vines trining systems tht inluded vertil shoot trining (VSP nd SH) required more lor thn without (TWC nd GDC), (Figure 1). The vines of Fronten nd L Cresent were older nd more vigorous thn the Mrquette vines use in this experiment, nd their shoots were muh lrger nd more diffiult to hndle nd ontrol in the vertil systems therey inresing lor time. In Fronten the GDC nd SH trining systems, tht mximied the ordon length utilied per vine, were more produtive thn TWC nd VSP (Figure 2). The opposite trend ws noted in the L Cresent vines, with higher yield otined y TWC.
2014. Fruit qulity vriles of Mrquette erry smples tken in Septemer 2014 from Snus Hill Winery s vineyrds showed no differenes mong trining system tretments for verge erry weight, Brix nd ph. TA ws higher in fruit from vines trined to mid-wire ordon with th wires (VSP) system. Results 2015: Mrquette trined to GDC required more time to prune vines ompred with TWC, SH, nd VSP (Tle 1). However, more growth (pruning weights) ws removed during spring pruning of Mrquette trined to VSP nd SH ompred with GDC nd TWC. Similr to Mrquette, Fronten trined to GDC took longer to prune ompred with TWC nd VSP systems. Growth removed during spring pruning ws greter for Fronten trined to VSP ompred with TWC nd GDC. Fruit qulity vriles were similr mong trining systems for oth ultivrs with the exeption of Mrquette trined to SH nd ompred with GDC. Grpes trined to SH hd higher ph thn grpes trined to GDC. Wht the results men: No pttern emerged tht onneted lor nd yield ross ll ultivrs in 2013 nd 2014. o In Fronten, higher lor requirements were needed for the Sott Henry trining system, resulting in the highest yield. o In L Cresent, higher lor requirements of Sott Henry were not offset y inresed yields. o Fronten my not e suited for the Vertil Shoot positioning trining system euse it requires higher lor without orresponding high yield. In 2015, dt for oth ultivrs indites growth ws greter in old-hrdy ultivrs trined to VSP s indited y pruning weights during erly spring pruning. The inresed time in pruning grpevines trined to GDC ws result of the trining system nd not result of the trining system promoting more growth. Overll, the trining system did not ffet fruit qulity vriles of juie ph, Brix nd titrtle idity.
40 35 Lor required (minutes/vine) 30 25 20 15 10 d TWC GDC VSP SH 5 0 'Fronten' 'L Cresent' 'Mrquette' Tretment mens followed y the sme letter within olumn re not signifintly different t the α=0.05 level. Figure 1. Totl lor required per vine for eh of the different trining systems on Fronten, L Cresent, nd Mrquette, Adel nd Mdrid, IA, 2013. 7 6 Yield (kg/vine) 5 4 3 2 1 d TWC GDC VSP SH 0 'Fronten' 'L Cresent' Tretment mens followed y the sme letter within olumn re not signifintly different t the α=0.05 level.. Figure 2. Yield t hrvest (kg/vine) for eh of the different trining systems on Fronten, nd L Cresent, Adel nd Mdrid, IA, 2013.
Tle 1. Fruit qulity of Mrquette vines trined to top wire ordon (TWC), Genev doule urtin (GDC), mid-wire ordon with th wires (VSP), or mid-wire ordon with split nopy nd VSP (Sott Henry -SH) system, Septemer 2014. Trining System Avg. Berry Wt. (g) Brix ph TA TWC 150.0 y 19.7 3.5 8.8 GDC 102.5 20.5 3.6 7.8 VSP 114.5 20.5 3.5 10.1 SH x - - - - P vlue w 0.103 0.17 0.32 0.009 TWC lso lled single urtin; VSP refers to vertil shoot positioning within th wires of mid-wire ordon y Mens of four replitions x Fruit not ville due to ird nd roon predtion w Mens within olumns followed y the sme letter re not signifintly different (LSD, lph = 0.05) Tle 2. Effet of trining system on pruning time nd vigor of 'Mrquette' nd 'Fronten', 2015. 'Mrquette' 'Fronten' Averge time Averge time Trining system to prune vine (min per person) Averge weight of nes removed (g) to prune vine (min per person) Averge weight of nes removed (g) Top wire ordon 2.1 301.6 2.5 271.7 Genev doule urtin 3.3 317.5 3.1 231.5 Sott Henry 2.3 503.2 2.9 558.4 VSP 2.3 528.7 2.3 775.8 HSD 0.5 199.8 0.4 315.2 Mens within olumn re signifintly different ording to Tukey's Honestly Signifint Differene Test, lph = 0.05. Tle 3. Effet of trining system on 'Mrquette' nd 'Fronten' fruit qulity, 2015. 'Mrquette' 'Fronten' Trining system ph Brix TA ph Brix TA Top wire ordon 3.5 y 20.4 6.0 3.5 20.3 8.0 Genev doule urtin 3.3 19.9 6.4 3.5 23.8 8.2 Sott Henry 3.7 21.6 5.1 3.5 22.4 8.5 VSP - - - 3.6 21.6 8.3 HSD 0.3 4.8 3.3 0.3 4.5 1.8 TA = titrtle idity. y Mens within olumn re signifintly different ording to Tukey's Honestly Signifint Differene Test, lph = 0.05.
Aknowledgements: We grtefully thnk John nd Dine Lrson, Snus Hill Winery, for their oopertion in providing reserh nd demonstrtion vineyrd site.