L.O: SLOWING STREAMS DEPOSIT (SORT) SEDIMENT HORIZONTALLY BY SIZE. 1. Base your answer to the following question on the profile shown below, which shows the pattern of horizontal sorting produced at a particular time when a sediment-laden stream enters the ocean. Why is this pattern of horizontal sorting produced? A) Sediments with a flatter shape settle faster. B) Lower density particles settle faster. C) Dissolved minerals are deposited first. D) Larger particles are deposited first. 2. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section and data table shown below. The cross section shows a sediment-laden river flowing into the ocean. The arrows show the direction of river flow. Different zones of sorted sediments, A, B, C, and D, have been labeled. Sediments have been taken from these zones and measured. The data table shows the range of sediment sizes in each zone. How is this pattern of horizontal sorting produced? A) High-density materials generally settle more slowly. B) Rounded sediments generally settle more slowly. C) Dissolved minerals are generally deposited first. D) Bigger particles are generally deposited first.
Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the diagrams and descriptions of the two laboratory activities below. The particles used in these activities are described below.
3. In Activity 2, when the tube is turned upside down, the aluminum particles, labeled "Combination A," are allowed to settle. Which diagram represents the sorting that is most likely to occur? A) B) C) D) 4. In Activity 2, when the tube is turned upside down, the particles of three different metals, labeled "Combination B," are allowed to settle. Which diagram represents the sorting that is most likely to occur? A) B) C) D)
5. The cross section below illustrates the general sorting of sediment by a river as it flows from a mountain to a plain. Which factor most likely caused the sediment to be sorted in the pattern shown? A) velocity of the river water B) hardness of the surface bedrock C) mineral composition of the sediment D) temperature of the water 6. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand. The sediments that have been deposited by streams flowing into the lagoon are most likely A) sorted and layered B) sorted and not layered C) unsorted and layered D) unsorted and not layered
7. The diagram below shows three beds of sediment deposited at different times in a quiet body of water. 9. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below, which represent four different mineral samples with different shapes and masses. Diagrams are not drawn to scale. Which sample would most likely be the slowest to settle in a quiet body of water? A) A B) B C) C D) D The sediment deposited in each bed is best described as A) sorted mainly according to particle size B) sorted mainly according to particle shape C) a mixture of sorted and unsorted particles D) showing no evidence of sorting 8. In a soil sample, the particles have the same shape but different sizes. Which graph best represents the relationship between particle size and settling time when these particles are deposited in a quiet body of water? A) B) C) D)
Base your answers to questions 10 through 13 on the maps and cross section below. The maps show the stages in the growth of a stream delta. Point X represents a location in the stream channel. The side view of a stream shows rock particles transported in the stream at a point close to its source. 10. The rock materials transported in the stream are most likely transported by which methods? A) in solution, only B) in suspension, only C) in solution and in suspension, only D) in solution, in suspension, and by rolling 11. The velocity of the stream at location X is controlled primarily by the A) amount of sediment carried at location X B) distance from location X to the stream source C) slope of the stream at location X D) temperature of the stream at location X 12. Which graph best illustrates the effect that changes in stream discharge have on stream velocity at location X? A) B) C) D)
13. Which characteristics are most likely shown by the sediments in the delta? A) jagged fragments deposited in elongated hills B) unsorted mixed sizes deposited in scattered piles C) large cobbles deposited in parallel lines D) round grains deposited in layers 14. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the drainage basin of the Mississippi River system. Several rivers that flow into the Mississippi River are labeled. The arrow at location X shows where the Mississippi River enters the Gulf of Mexico. The structure formed by the deposition of sediments at location X is best described as a A) moraine B) tributary C) delta D) drumlin
Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the three diagrams below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagrams represent stages in the formation of a large depositional feature formed as a river deposited sediment over time in the ocean. Letter A represents a location in the ocean. 15. Describe the arrangement of the sediments deposited where the river enters the ocean. 16. State the name of this large depositional feature forming in the ocean. 17. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a meandering stream flowing into the ocean. Points A and B represent locations along the streambanks. Letter C indicates a triangular-shaped depositional feature where the stream enters the ocean. Identify the triangular-shaped depositional feature indicated by letter C. 18. Most New York State sandstone bedrock was formed A) in Earth s interior where temperatures exceeded the melting point of quartz B) on Earth s surface from the cooling of molten lava C) in a delta from sand grains deposited, buried, and cemented together by minerals D) in a desert when heat and metamorphic pressure caused quartz crystals to fuse together
19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows a coastal region in which the land slopes toward the ocean. Point X is near the top of the hill, point Y is at the base of the hill, and point Z is a location at sea level. The same type of surface bedrock underlies this entire region. A stream flows from point X through point Y to point Z. This stream is not shown in the diagram. Compared to the stream velocity between point X and point Y, the stream velocity between point Y and point Z is most likely A) greater, since the slope of the land decreases B) greater, since the slope of the land increases C) less, since the slope of the land decreases D) less, since the slope of the land increases 20. What is the approximate minimum stream velocity needed to move a particle with a diameter of 25.6 centimeters? A) 100 cm/sec B) 150 cm/sec C) 200 cm/sec D) 300 cm/sec Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the diagrams below which represent four samples of equal-density sediments being carried by a stream. 23. Which stream velocity would transport cobbles, but would not transport boulders? A) 50 cm/sec B) 100 cm/sec C) 200 cm/sec D) 400 cm/sec 24. What is the lowest stream velocity that would keep a cobble-sized particle moving downstream? A) 100 cm/sec B) 180 cm/sec C) 220 cm/sec D) 290 cm/sec 21. Which sample would be deposited first as the stream velocity decreases? A) A B) B C) C D) D 22. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, which is the slowest stream velocity needed to maintain all the particles moving downstream? A) 50 cm/sec B) 75 cm/sec C) 100 cm/sec D) 125 cm/sec
25. Base your answer to the following question on the Earth Science Reference Tables and the diagrams below. Diagram I represents a stream's profile before an earthquake. Diagram II represents the same stream's profile after an earthquake elevated a portion of the land and produced a waterfall. 29. Which graph best shows the general relationship between stream velocity and the diameter of particles transported by a stream? A) B) C) D) After the earthquake, the maximum stream velocity was 250 centimeters per second. The largest particles that could be transported by this stream are A) sand B) pebbles C) cobbles D) boulders 26. What is the minimum stream velocity needed to maintain transport of a pebble that is 1 centimeter in diameter? A) 23 cm/sec B) 50 cm/sec C) 75 cm/sec D) 100 cm/sec 27. What is the minimum stream velocity that would maintain movement of a quartz cobble with a diameter of 10.0 centimeters? A) 80 cm/sec B) 120 cm/sec C) 210 cm/sec D) 280 cm/sec 28. A stream is carrying sediment particles ranging from 0.0004 to 25.6 centimeters. When the stream velocity decreases from 300 to 100 centimeters per second, the stream will most probably deposit A) silt and clay B) sand and silt C) pebbles and sand D) cobbles and pebbles 30. A stream is carrying sediment particles ranging from 0.0004 to 25.6 centimeters. When the stream's velocity decreases from 300 to 100 centimeters per second, the stream will most probably deposit A) silt and clay B) sand and silt C) pebbles and sand D) cobbles and pebbles