Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles: Number 146 Advances in shape memory polymers Jinlian Hu TheTextile Institute WP WOODHEAD PUBLISHING Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi
Contents Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles ix Acknowledgements xvii Preface xix 1 Introduction to shape memory polymers 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Defining shape memory polymers 1 1.3 Types of shape memory polymers 4 1.4 A typical shape memory polymer: shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) 11 1.5 Conclusions 13 1.6 References 14 2 Tm-type shape memory polymers 23 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Structure and properties of Tm-type shape memory polymers 24 2.3 Shape memory properties of Tm-type shape memory polymers 32 2.4 Thermo-mechanical conditions affecting Tm-type shape memory properties 37 2.5 References 44 3 Tg-type shape memory polymers 47 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Structure and properties of Tg-type shape memory polymers 48 3.3 Segmented polyurethanes with similar Tg 62 3.4 Thermo-mechanical conditions affecting Tg-type shape memory polymers 63 3.5 Conclusions 68 3.6 References 69
vi Contents 4 High performance type shape memory polymers prepared by modified two-step polymerization 71 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 High performance shape memory polymers 72 4.3 High performance isophorone diisocyanate (IDPI) Tm-type shape memory polymers 83 4.4 High performance Tg-type shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) prepared by modified two-step polymerization 93 4.5 Conclusions 106 4.6 References 108 5 Supramolecular shape memory polymers 111 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Synthesis of polymers containing pyridine moieties 114 5.3 Supramolecular polymers containing functional pyridine 117 5.4 Supramolecular liquid crystalline polymers containing pyridine moieties 118 5.5 Supramolecular polymers and shape memory polymers 120 5.6 Conclusions 124 5.7 References 124 6 Supramolecular shape memory polymers containing pyridine 128 6.1 Introduction 128 6.2 Synthesis of shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) containing pyridine moieties 130 6.3 The molecular structure of BINA-based SMPUs (BIN-SMPUs) 134 6.4 Theoretical calculations of BIN-SMPU properties and performance 134 6.5 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of BIN-SMPUs 137 6.6 Thermal properties ofbin-smpus 143 6.7 Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies of BIN-SMPUs 149 6.8 Dynamic mechanical properties of BIN-SMPUs 151 6.9 Molecular model and morphology ofbin-smpus 158 6.10 Summary 160 6.11 References 161 7 Thermally-induced properties of supramolecular shape memory polymers containing pyridine 164 7.1 Introduction 164
Contents vii 7.2 Comparison of BINA-based shape memory polyurethane (BIN-SMPU) with other SMPUs 166 7.3 Influence of different factors on shape memory effects (SMEs) of BIN-SMPUs 170 7.4 Thermally-induced SME mechanism of BIN-SMPUs 184 7.5 Conclusions 193 7.6 References 194 8 Moisture-induced properties of supramolecular shape memory polymers containing pyridine 196 8.1 Introduction 196 8.2 Moisture absorption of BIN-SMPUs 197 8.3 Effect of moisture absorption on the thermal properties of polyurethane 206 8.4 Effect of moisture absorption on the dynamic mechanical properties of polyurethane 209 8.5 Moisture-induced and water-influenced shape memory effects (SMEs) 215 8.6 Effect of immersion time on strain recovery 218 8.7 Mechanism of the moisture-induced shape memory effect in BIN-SMPUs 225 8.8 Summary 228 8.9 References 229 9 Shape memory polymers with novel functions: electro-active, magnetically-active, light-adaptive and phase change materials 231 9.1 Introduction 231 9.2 Electro-active shape memory polymers 232 9.3 Magnetically-active shape memory polymers 238 9.4 Moisture-active shape memory polymers 239 9.5 Light-adaptive composites from thermally-adaptive shape memory polymers 241 9.6 Introduction to phase change materials 241 9.7 Phase change materials for textiles applications 242 9.8 Solid-liquid phase change materials 243 9.9 Shape memory polymers with phase change properties 244 9.10 Fabrication strategies for phase change materials 246 9.11 Summary 251 9.12 References 252 10 Shape memory finishing treatments for smart textiles 259 10.1 Introduction 259 10.2 Reaction of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU),
viii Contents dimethyloldihydroxylethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and liquid ammonia (LA) as finishing agents with cellulosic materials 260 10.3 Shape memory finishing treatments for cotton 261 10.4 Surface morphology of cotton fabrics treated with shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) 263 10.5 Fabric tensile properties and surface appearance 266 10.6 Fabric structure 270 10.7 Effects of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) on LA/DMDHEU treated cotton 272 10.8 Internal stresses in cotton fabrics 272 10.9 The role of shape memory polyurethane as a finishing agent for cotton fabrics 278 10.10 Summary 278 10.11 References 279 11 Manufacture of Tg andtm shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) polymer fibers 281 11.1 Introduction 281 11.2 Tm-type shape memory fibers prepared by melt spinning 282 11.3 Tg-type shape memory fibers prepared by wet spinning 290 11.4 Summary 316 11.5 References 317 12 Future developments in shape memory polymers 320 12.1 Introduction 320 12.2 Tm-shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) with varying Tm 321 12.3 Tg-SMPUs with thermally reversible chemical cross-links 321 12.4 Two-way shape memory fibers 322 12.5 Gas-sensitive shape memory BINA-HDI copolymers (PUPys) 322 12.6 Chemically cross-linked PUPys 323 12.7 Multi-stimuli responsive shape memory fibers 323 12.8 PUPys polymer blends with other polymers 324 12.9 Supramolecular liquid crystalline shape memory polymers 325 12.10 Main-chain pyridine-containing SMPUs 326 12.11 Applications 326 12.12 References 332 Index 335