Dense Ocean floor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis DONET

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Dense Ocean floor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis DONET Yoshiyuki Kaneda Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) ION 1

Earthquakes in the Nankai Trough Tokai Nankai Hyuga nada 5-6cm/y Seismogenic Zone Tonankai 2-3cm/y 4-5cm/y Philippine Sea Plate DONET target area 2 M8+ class earthquakes every 100-200 years. 2

The historical EQs. around the Nankai trough 1707 CD(TONANKAI) + E(TOKAI) + AB(NANKAI) 1854 CD(TONANKAI) + E(TOKAI) 32hours AB(NANKAI) 1944 CD(TONANKAI) 2years AB(NANKAI) 1946 M8 class EQs. are occurring with a interval of 100 200 years 3

Earthquake Slip vs. Crustal Structures Subducting Oceanic Ridges Subducting Seamount Splay Fault High density, High velocity Domed Body Baba and Cummins (2005) Rupture Zone of Oceanic Crust 4

Concept of DONET Number of Science Node : 5 Node Number of User Interface : 8 port / Node Power Distribution : 30 W / Port Data Transmission : 50 Mbit / s / Port Precise Timing Control : < 1μsec 5

Concept of DONET Redundancy: Equipping redundant configuration on backbone cable and node Expandability: Branching unit enables wide-spread distribution of observation points. Node plays the role of hub that connects underwater instruments to the backbone cable system. Replaceable function: Replacing observation unit at the seafloor by using underwater removable connector Maintainability: Operation on the seafloor by using Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) 6

Landing Station Node Branching Unit Backbone Cable Ground Motion Sensing System Pressure Sensing System and Peripherals Extension Cable Remotely operated vehicle 7

Installation of Science Node Japanese research ROV Hyper Dolphin Installed Termination Equipment 33-43.344N,136-33.209E,Depth:2009m Construction of Installation hole for seismometer Installation hole Installation of sensors 33-38.911N,136-36.210E Installed Science Node(A010) 33-43.349N,136-33.215E,Depth:2009m

Installation of DONET(2010 Oct.) 9

2010/11/29 15:52 South of WAKAYAMA(M=4.1) OWASE- City Strong motion accelerometer A2 A4 A3 E17 Location:33.9N 135.4E Depth about 60km M = 4.1 (JMA) Pressure gauge Broadband seismometer T-phase? 10

2010/11/30 12:25(JST) Off OGASAWARA Islands (M=6.9) OWASE- City A2 A4 A3 E17 Strong motion accelerometer Location:28.4N 139.7E Depth about 480km M = 6.9 (JMA) Pressure gauge Broadband seismometer 11

Recorded data by DONET 17:14(GMT) May 27th 13.7S 166.6E 36km M7.4 Broadband seismometer Horizontal motion 1 Broadband seismometer Horizontal motion 2 Broadband seismometer Vertical motion 17:20:00 GMT 3,500sec

Example of recorded data 2010/8/13 21:19 (GMT) Mariana 12.5N 141.5E M6.9 Broadband seismometer DONET Strong motion acceler ometer Wave Pressure gauge Data of TUNAMI 100-2000sec Pressure gauge 13 13

2010/10/25 14:42(UTC) Sumatra (Mw=7.7) At least 340 people killed and 330 missing from the earthquake and tsunami with maximum height of 7meters. Felt (III) at Bukittinggi and Padang, Sumatra. Also felt at Bengkulu. Felt (II) in Singapore. Felt at Bangkok, Thailand. (USGS) Owase -city A2 DONET Broadband seismometer HHX (KMA02 low pass at 20 s) Location:3.5S, 100.1E Depth:20.6 km (USGS) HHY HHZ P S Rayleigh 0 5min 14

DONET 2 Concept A similar seafloor network system (DONET2) is needed for region off Kii Peninsula and Shikoku to decrease disasters caused by the subduction zone earthquakes in the Nankai Trough. Achievement of early detection of earthquake and tsunami in a wider area Advancement of earthquake occurrence simulation Development of Most Advanced and Leading Technologies DONET2 15

DONET2 High Voltage System After DONET 1 completion, move on to DONET2 with High Voltage System, then observational area expand to 2 Middle voltage system 3000V High voltage system 10KV Cable length 300km + DONET type NODE 5 (40 ocean floor sites) Cable length1000km + DONET type NODE over 10 (100 ocean floor sites) DONET1 DONET2 16

Integration of scientific projects Evaluate of Seismic Linkage around the Nankai trough Ocean floor network system Seismogenic zone drilling Simulation Precise survey DONET CHIKYU Super Computer R/V KAIREI Advanced of Seismic Linkage Model Contribute to the disaster prevention and mitigation of Earthquakes and Tsunamis 17

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