ESTIMATION OF GERMINATION POSSIBILITIES OF SOME PEAS STORAGES ACCESSIONS AND THE EVALUATION OF SOME QUALITATIVE INDICATORS ON ALBANIAN PLANT GENE BANK Conference on Biotechnological Developments 21 November 2011
ESTIMATION OF GERMINATION POSSIBILITIES OF SOME PEAS STORAGES ACCESSIONS AND THE EVALUATION OF SOME QUALITATIVE INDICATORS ON ALBANIAN PLANT GENE BANK Valbona HOBDARI 1 Belul GIXHARI 1 Adrian DOKO 2 1 Gene Bank, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania 2 Center for Agricultural Technology Transfer, Fushe Kruje, Albania Contac Person: Phone: 0682737287 e-mail: bona_hobdari@hotmail.com 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 2
Introduction: Peas Genetic resources Plant genetic resources play a key role in contributing to the sustainable development of agriculture, helping to increase agricultural food productions. Genetic resources of forage legumes have a major contribution to the growth of agricultural food products and livestock nutritional base. Today, preservation of genetic resources is regarded as an important need for human society. Genebanks offer the main means to store genetic plant materials, and they protect genetic materials, providing the raw material for the improvement of crops. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 3
The seeds of pea accessions contained in genebank are a vital and irreplaceable resource, a heritage which must be conserved to provide future needed genetic pool and usefull plant materials to be used by farmers and plant breeders. The collection of pea genetic resources in the Genetic Bank of Albania, meets partially the needs and objectives of of an improvement pea program. Therefore, exploring, collecting, identification and viability testing of pea seeds, are the first steps to be realized before the acquisition of genetic materials in gene-bank. Agro-bio- morphological evaluation in the field is also essential not only for the preliminary evaluation of germplasm but also for the future usage value of genetic materials stored in gene-bank. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 4
Pea Genetic resources database Besides collecting of local forms and new varieties maintenance of a collection lain in assessing of life skills of seeds stored in gene-bank and in recording of the information into a usable database. A good database of information on genetic materials in longterm preservation, also leads to increased use of pea germplasm by farmers and plant breeders. The purpose of this study was viability testing of pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) and analysis of genetic diversity of Pisum genus. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 5
Methodology: materials and methods 12 Pea genotypes from AGB Pisum collection were evaluated for viability of seeds and some qualitative characters. The study was carried out at AGB seed testing Laboratory. Viability testing is realized on 100 seeds x 4 replications for each pea genotype, during two years (2010-2011). Viability testing of pea seeds is realized according to ISTA-s standards. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 6
Methodology: Plant materials Pea accessions used for viability testing of seeds and the evaluation of some bio-morphological characters. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 7
Characters measured: germination energy, the power of germination, plant hue - anthocyanin (presence or not) and colorful floral sheets were analyzed. Processing of data for all test environments (locations x years) was made by calculating the average statistics (MSTAT), the analysis of variance with ANOVA, evaluating the distance between genotypes with hierarchical technique Cluster, Ward method (Milligan 1980). o Statistical means, standard deviations, variances, o Comparisons of means for all pairs using Student test, o Distances between genotypes using hierarchical clustering method, o Correlations coefficients between characters = were calculated for all traits analyzed in this study. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 8
Results and discussion ANOVA analysis shows the presence of an important variability in the study materials. This is proved by F ratio values that were significant at the P 0.05 and P 0.01 levels of the probability. Source Traits Sum of Squares (df=11) Error (df= 12) C. Total (df = 23) Mean Square Genotyp es Mean square Error F Ratio Prob> F Germin_energy 16805.75 1910.75 18716.50 1527.80 159.23 9.5949 0.0002 Germin_ability 8744.302 1210.31 9954.615 794.937 100.86 7.8816 0.0005 The value of F' facts to verify for P 0.05 (*) and for P 0.01 (**) 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 9
Observed data: Germination energy Germination ability Genotypes Mean Genotypes Mean B30 96.750000 B30 97.750000 B11 88.000000 B18 93.625000 B6 85.500000 B11 92.250000 B9 83.000000 B9 91.500000 B4 82.500000 B4 87.750000 B2 79.000000 B6 85.500000 B5 72.500000 B7 83.500000 B7 67.500000 B2 79.000000 B18 56.500000 B5 76.000000 B8 46.000000 B8 59.000000 B29 15.000000 B29 48.250000 B25 13.750000 B25 34.125000 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 10
Results and discussion: Comparisons of means for all pairs using Student test (for t = 2.17881 and α = 0.05) show the significant differences between and within genotypes at the P 0.05 and P 0.01 levels of the probability. Presence of differences between means (germination energy and germination ability of pea seeds) range the pea genotypes at different levels, expressed in our study by letters (a, b, c, etc..). Averages or levels not connected by same letter are significantly different per P 005. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 11
Pea genotypes & Means Comparisons for all pairs using Student test (t = 2.17881, α = 0.05) Germination energy Germination ability Genotypes Mean level Genotypes Mean level B30 96.750000 a B30 97.750000 a B11 88.000000 ab B18 93.625000 a B6 85.500000 ab B11 92.250000 a B9 83.000000 abc B9 91.500000 a B4 82.500000 abc B4 87.750000 a B2 79.000000 abc B6 85.500000 a B5 72.500000 abcd B7 83.500000 a B7 67.500000 bcd B2 79.000000 ab B18 56.500000 cd B5 76.000000 ab B8 46.000000 d B8 59.000000 bc B29 15.000000 e B29 48.250000 cd B25 13.750000 e B25 34.125000 d Levels not connected by same letter are significantly different per P 005 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 12
Analysis of distances between pea genotypes: Study results for distances between genotypes using hierarchical clustering method, range pea genotypes into 3 different cluster groups: There were with traits stabilized and well distinct from the others: o Pea genotypes as: B7 and B18 included in the first cluster o Pea genotypes as: B4, B11 and B30 included in second cluster and o Pea genotypes as: B25 and B29 included into the third cluster. Pea genotypes as: B2, B5, B6 and B9 included in the first and second clusters, show the presence of differences between two stages analyzed: energy germination and power of germination. These results can be explained by their genotype states not fully stabilized of these local forms of peas. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 13
1 2 3 Figure 1. Dendrogram the appearance of distance and clusters of pea genotypes. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 14
Analysis of correlation coefficients: Multivariate correlation coefficients between all measured characters were also evaluated for all pea genotypes. There were a strong positive correlations (0.8971) between the germination energy and germination power of peas seeds. The presence of a very strong positive link between the two phases of germination (red circles) demonstrates the importance of the first phase on seed germination for legume seeds in general and for the pea seeds in particular. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 15
Multivariate Correlations and Scatterplot Matrix between two measured characters strong links 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 16
CONCLUSIONS: ANOVA analysis and Comparisons of means for all pairs using Student test (t = 2.17881 and α = 0.05) show an important variability in the study materials and the presence of the significant differences between and within genotypes at the P 0.05 and P 0.01 levels of the probability. Results of this study based on Comparisons of means value for all pairs, on evaluation of the distances between pea genotypes using hierarchical clustering method and calculation of multivariate correlation coefficients for all measured characters succeed in obtaining a very important scientific information on pea accession stored in gene-bank. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 17
CONCLUSIONS: (Continued) Study results for distances between genotypes using hierarchical clustering method, range pea genotypes into three different cluster groups: o in the first cluster were included pea genotypes as: B7 and B18 o in the second cluster were included pea genotypes as: B4, B11 and B30 and o in the third cluster were included pea genotypes as: B25 and B29. The pea genotypes as: B2, B5, B6 and B9 seems to be not fully stabilized. Study realized the evaluation and analysis of genetic diversity in the Pisum sativum germplasm of pea collection conserved in Albania gene-bank. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 18
CONCLUSIONS: (Continued) Study results increase usage value of the Pisum genetic materials conserved in Gene Bank and they are a concrete contribution for good pea data information. Study results have an important interest for Pisum genus germplasm database and for further pea breeding programs. 21 November 2011 V. Hobdari (Albania Genebank-AUT) 19
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