Earth Observation Satellite Program updates Presentation to ETSAT-7 meeting April 17-19, 2012, Geneva Prepared by: Indian Space Research Organisation Presented by Kashyap N. Mankad Space Applications Centre (ISRO) Ahmedabad, India
Currently operational EO missions 2011R&D Youthsat LiV HySI RaBIT 2011 RESOURCESAT-2 LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS 2007 /2009/2010 CARTOSAT-2/2A/2B PAN 2003 RESOURCESAT-1 LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS 2008 IMS-1 MX HySI-T 2001 TES Step& Stare PAN 2005 CARTOSAT-1 STEROPAN, F/A 2011 Megha Tropiques MADRAS,SAPHIR,ScARaB,ROSA 2009 OCEANSAT-2, SCAT ROSA OCM 2003 INSAT- 3A VHRR, CCD 2002 KALPANA-1 VHRR
Payload Current observation Capabilities : Optical No. of Sensors in operation Spatial Res. Swath/ Coverage (km) CCD 1 1 Km India & surround. VHRR 2 2 km VIS 8 km WV/IR Radiometry Spectral Bands Repetivity/ revisit 10 bits 3 (B3, B4, B5) 4 times/ day Earth Disc 10 bits 3 Every ½ hrs HySI/ IMS 1 500 m 128 12 bits 64 24 days OCM-2 1 360m 1420 12 bits 8 Two days AWiFS 2 56 m 740 10/12 bits 4(B2,B3, B4, B5) 5 / 2.5 days MX/ IMS 1 37 m 148 10 bits 4(B1, B2,B3, B4) 24 days LISS3 2 23 m 140 7/10 bits 4(B2,B3, B4, B5) 24/ 12 days LISS4 2 5.8 m 23/70 7/10 bits 3(B2,B3, B4) 40 days/ 5 day revisit PAN (stereo) 1 2.5 m 30 10 bits 1 100 days PAN 4 0.8/ 1 m 10 / 16 10 bits 1 5 day revisit
Current observation Capabilities : Microwave Payload Spatial Res. Swath km Radiometry Frequency Repetivity/revisit Scattero meter 50 Km 1400 10 bits Ku band 2 days Scatterometer data is made available to global community through NRSC web and Eumetcast. Payload Spatial Res. Swath/ Frequency bands Repetivity/revisit MADRAS 6km to 40 km 1700 5 (18.7 to 157GHz) Multiple observations per day SAPHIR 10 km 1700 6 @183 GHz ScARaB 40 km 2240 4 ROSA L1,L2 ~400 occultaions per day
OCEANSAT-2 MISSION LAUNCH: September 23, 2009 OCEANSAT-2 is a global mission and is configured to cover global oceans and provide continuity of ocean color data with global wind vector and characterization of lower atmosphere and ionosphere. INSTRUMENTS Modified Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM-2) Local Area Coverage (LAC) with 360m, real time transmission Global area coverage (GAC) with 1 km, on-board Recording & playback GAC data coverage covering full globe in 8 days Swath : 1420 km IGFOV : 360x236 m Repetivity : 2 days No. of Bands : 8 (VNIR) Quantization : 12 Data rate : 21.226 Mbps Ku-band Pencil beam Scatterometer MoU signed with NASA-NOAA and EUMETSAT, to share the global wind vector data Climate Quality Data FREQUENCY CONFIG Ku-BAND (13.73 GHz) PENCIL-BEAM INNER OUTER INC. ANG. (DEG) 50.16 57.27 POLARIZATION HH VV SWATH (KM) 1450 1820 IFOV (KM) 28 x 38 30 x 45 Radio Occultation Sounder for Atmosphere (ROSA) Data available at: www.nrsc.gov.in
Cal & Val Experiments: OCM-2 A Permanent Cal-Val site has been set up near Kavaratti in Lakashdweep Sea Optical buoy is deployed to collect hyperspectral observations of light, chlorophyll-a, temperature and aerosol optical depth This in-situ data sets have been used for vicarious calibration of ocean colour radiance from OCM-2 Kavaratti Inter-sensor calibration with contemporary missions like MODIS have also been done. Two Lunar calibrations of OCM-2 are done Data Available from http://mosdac.gov.in
ISRO-NASA-NOAA collaboration OCM-2 Processing in SeaDas 6.2 Lunar Calibration of OCM-2 Global data product generation and vicarious calibration MODIS Jan 2010 MODIS Jan 2010 OCM-2 Jan 2010 OCM-2 Jan 2010 Courtesy : Bryan Franz, NASA
OSCAT RELATIVE CALIBRATION AMAZON FOREST, SAHARA DESERT, POLAR ICE AMAZON QuikSCAT OSCAT ANTARCTICA AFT - ASC HH (Oct-Dec 09)
OSCAT PRODUCTS Daily Analyzed winds using OSCAT Polar Ice Applications
CARTOSAT -2 SWATH (km) : 10 SNR : 180 IGFOV (m) : 0.8 SWR (%) : 10 Handling of unique imaging modes o paint brush o multi-view in step and stare o spot scenes Step and Stare imaging UNO, Vieana
Megha Tropiques - A Joint ISRO-CNES Mission For studying water cycle and energy exchanges to better understand the life cycles of the tropical convective system Low inclination (20º) for frequent simultaneous observations of tropics Water vapour Clouds Cloud condensed water Precipitation evaporation SAPHIR SCARAB MADRAS Contributing to Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Water vapour profile Six atmospheric layers upto 12 km height 10 km Horizontal Resolution SOUNDER FOR ATMOSPHERIC PROFILING OF HUMIDITY IN THE INTER-TROPICAL REGION 4-Channel Earth Radiation budget at 0.5-0.7,0.2-4, 0.2-50&10.5-12.5 μm Outgoing fluxes at TOA 40 km Horizontal Resolution, 2242KM swath SCANNER FOR RADIATION BUDGET MEASUREMENT Precipitation and Cloud properties 89 &157 GHz : ice particles in cloud tops 10, 18 &37 GHz: Cloud Liquid Water and precipitation; Sea Surface Wind speed 23 GHz : Integrated water vapour MICROWAVE ANALYSIS AND DETECTION OF RAIN & ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURES
Operational Weather monitoring instruments INSAT 3A KALPANA INSAT-3A KALPANA
Meteorological Payloads: CCD based Three Spectral Bands -Visible -.62um-.68um -NIR -.77um-.86um -SWIR -1.55um-1.69um Two Imaging Modes - NORMAL Mode: 10 x 10 frame in 25 minutes - Program Mode: 10 x multiple of 0.4 Can be placed anywhere in N-S direction Spatial Resolution: 1Km for all bands OPERATIONAL SINCE 2003
Operational weather monitoring instruments NEdT/SNR: 6 @2.5%Albedo 0.5K(@300K) 0.25K (@300K) Dynamic Range: 100% Albedo WVP and TIR: 4K-340K Spatial Resolution: 2 Km 8 Km 8 Km VHRR (INSAT-3A, KALPANA) SNR: Dynamic Range: Spatial Resolution: 128 100% Albedo 1Km CCD (INSAT-3A)
Kalpana and INSAT 3A Products VHRR CCD Products Turn Around Time (TAT) Half hourly scans CMV s, OLR, UTH, Rain, SST, WVW Within 60 minutes of image acquisition 4 Scans per day NDVI Within 60 minutes of image acquisition Available on MOSDAC (http://www.mosdac.gov.in)
Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) Automatic Weather Station Data Reception System AWS-IMD KALPANA-1 INSAT-2E INSAT-3A 74 E 83 E 93.5 E INSAT WMO FORMAT DATABASE PR System UHF (Uplink) Receiving Earth Station Parameter Range Sensor Type Resolution Accuracy AWS-ISRO >1600 AWS are Operational 1. Air temp. -40 to +60 deg C 2. Wet Bulb temp. -40 to +60 deg C 3. Wind speed 0 to 60 m/s 3 Cup anemometer 4. Wind direction 0 to 359 deg. Windvane controlled to potentiometer 5. Atmospheric Pressure 6. Relative Humidity 600 hpa to 1100 hpa PT100 0.1 deg. C 0.1 C PT100 0.1 deg. C 0.1 C Integral diaphragm type 0-100% Solid state capacity type 0.1 m/s (Threshold 0.3 m/s) 0.3 m/sec 3 0.2%of FSO 0.1% 3%full scale 7. Rain fall 0-1 million mm Tipping bucket 0.5 m 5% 8 Sun shine 0-17 Hrs Digital 1 minute 1 min.
Forthcoming Weather monitoring missions INSAT 3D @82ºE Mission continuity: INSAT 3DR @ 74ºE In orbit Spare INSAT 3DS: Ground Spare
INSAT 3D Met. Payloads Six channel Imager Nineteen channel Sounder Visible to Thermal IR 1KM to 8KM IGFOV Half hourly earth coverage Flexible scanning modes Programmable number of lines and frame repeats Improved Blackbody calibration scheme Image motion & Mirror motion compensation Visible to Long Wave IR Fully programmable East-West and North South Scan pattern Programmable dwell time for East-West scan step motion Automatic space view every 2 min and Blackbody view every 30min. 10KM IGFOV, 14bits digitization Image motion & Mirror motion compensation
6 Channel Imager Channel (NE T@300K) Spectral Band (µm) Spatial Resolution at Nadir (km) Visible SWIR MIR WVP TIR-1 24 TIR-2 VIS (SNR>150) SWIR (SNR>150) 0.55-0.75 1 km 1.55-1.70 1 km 19 MIR (1.4K) WV (1.0K@230K) 3.80-4.00 4 km 6.5-7.1 8 km Scan Modes: Normal: Full Earth Disk, 18 x18 in 24 x19 FOR (<27min) Program: No. of Scan lines and No. of Image repeats programmable. Can be placed anywhere in FOR TIR-1 (0.35K) TIR-2 (0.35K) 10.3-11.3 4 km 11.5-12.5 4 km
19 Channel Sounder 24 19 VIS 0.67-0.72um SWIR 6Ch MWIR 5Ch LWIR 7Ch 3.67-4.59um 6.38-11.33um 11.66-14.85um Sounder Modes: Programmable Sounding Area: Programmable Space view Direction selection Selection of Dwell time on each scene: 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4s Minimum: 1 x 1 (640x640KM) in 1.7min, anywhere in FOR of 24 x19 Maximum: 15 x 15 (9600KMx9600KM) in ~400min, anywhere in FOR 24 19
INSAT 3D Met. Payloads Geo-Physical Parameters for INSAT-3D Meteorological Mission IMAGER, VHRR,CCD Cloud Motion Vector (CMV) Water Vapour wind Vector (WVWV) Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) GPI and IMSRA Snow Cover Upper troposphere humidity (UTH) Fog Identification (only Night time) Smoke ( with MODIS data) Fire (tested with MODIS data) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Normalized Differential Vegetation Index SOUNDER Aerosol Temperature, Humidity and Ozone Geopotential Height Layer Precipitable water Total Precipitable Water Lifted Index Wind Index Dry microburst Index Maximum vertical theta e differential D E R I V E D
GISAT High Resolution Imaging Sensors on GEO Platform High resolution Multi-spectral VNIR Ground Resolution : 50 meters Hyper-spectral VNIR Ground Resolution : 500 meters Hyper-spectral SWIR Ground Resolution : 500 meters Multi-channel IR Ground Resolution : 1500 meters Scanning Modes: Full globe (18x18 deg) Sub continent (10x12 deg) User defined area scanning
GISAT-Imaging modes SAME TELESCOPE TELESCOPE Image generation through agile S/C scanning Single optics for 4 payloads Miniature 14-bit and 16-bit camera electronics CAMERA ELECTRONICS
536 km RISAT IMAGING ALONG WITH DIFFERENT MODES (C)FRS1/(C)FRS2 MODES (C)HRS MODE STOWED CONFIGURATION MODEL STOWED IN INTEGRATION LAB SATELLITE EXPLODED VIEW (C)MRS MODE (C)CRS MODE FEATURES First Spaceborne SAR developed indigenously C-band SAR catering to diverse applications from Agriculture to high resolution landmapping Resolution from 1m to 50m Swath from 10km to 220km State-of-the-art Active Antenna with 576 TRMs Electronic beam steering covering 107-659km range APPLICATIONS Forestry, Flood Mapping, Vegetation, Soil Moisture, Oil Spillage, Disaster Management Caters to some applications of L and X band SAR also.
SARAL: Satellite For Argos And Altika (ISRO-CNES) Provide altimetric measurements designed to study ocean circulation and sea surface elevation. Marine meteorology and sea state forecasting, Operational oceanography, seasonal forecasting, climate monitoring and climate research. Argos Satellite based system collects environmental data from autonomous platforms A Ka Band altimeter ( 35.5 36 GHz) A dual frequency radiometer ( 24 / 37 GHz) A common antenna shared by Altimeter & Radiometer (1 meter dia) LRA (Laser Retro - Reflector Array) DORIS instrument (Doppler Orbitography & Radio positioning Integrated by Satellite) Mean Sea Level Light rainfall climatology Inland waters Sea State Mesoscale Variability (Central Objective) Global Change Geodesy/ Geophysics Inland & Sea Ice Operational Oceanography Coastal Altimetry
GSICS Activity at ISRO
Intercalibration of Kalpana IR and WV Channels with AIRS and IASI Brightness Temperature Normalized SRF Normalized SRF AIRS: Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder Polar Orbiting Aqua (2002) Channels: 2378 (650 cm -1 to 2675 cm -1 ) (3.74 μm - 15.4 μm) Spectral resolution: / 1200 1 Spatial Resolution: 13.5 Km at Nadir AIRS 0 IASI 1 0 IASI: Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer Polar Orbiting Metop (2007) Channels: 8461 (645 cm -1 to 2760 cm -1 ) (3.62 μm - 15.5 μm) Spectral resolution: 0.35 cm -1 at SWIR 0.50 cm -1 at LWIR (resampled at 0.25 cm -1 ) Spatial Resolution: ~12 km at Nadir
BIAS / StdDev (K) BIAS / StdDev (K) 1-Jul 1-Jul 11-Jul 11-Jul 21-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 10-Aug 20-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug 30-Aug 9-Sep 9-Sep 19-Sep 19-Sep 29-Sep 29-Sep 9-Oct 9-Oct 19-Oct Intercalibration Results 19-Oct 29-Oct 29-Oct 8-Nov 8-Nov 18-Nov 18-Nov 28-Nov 28-Nov 8-Dec 18-Dec 8-Dec 28-Dec 18-Dec BIAS / StdDev (K) BIAS / StdDev (K) 1-Jul 1-Jul 11-Jul 11-Jul 21-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 10-Aug 20-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug 30-Aug 9-Sep 9-Sep 19-Sep 19-Sep 29-Sep 29-Sep 9-Oct 9-Oct 19-Oct 19-Oct 29-Oct 29-Oct 8-Nov 8-Nov 18-Nov 18-Nov 28-Nov 28-Nov 8-Dec 8-Dec 18-Dec 18-Dec 28-Dec 28-Dec Kalpana TIR Channel vs IASI Convolved Kalpana WV Channel vs IASI Convolved 4.0 3.5 3.0 (a) TIR Channel Ascending Evening StdDev BIAS 4.0 3.5 3.0 (a) WV Channel / Ascending Evening StdDev BIAS 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 Date (July 2011) Date (2011) 3.0 2.5 2.0 (b) TIR Channel / Descending Morning StdDev BIAS 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 (b) WV Channel / Descending Morning StdDev bias 1.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 Date (2011) Date (2011)
GSICS Plan for INSAT 3D Imager and Sounder
Brightness Temperature (K) INSAT 3D Imager and IASI Spectra 300 280 260 INSAT-3D Imager FM-SRF IASI Tb Spectra Ch3 (MWIR) Ch4 (WV) Ch5 (TIR1) Ch6 (TIR2) 240 220 200 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 Wavelength (Micron)
Brightness Temperature (K) Brightness Temperature (K) Brightness Temperature (K) INSAT 3D Sounder and IASI Spectra 300 INSAT-3D Sounder FM-SRF 300 INSAT-3D Sounder FM-SRF 280 280 260 240 220 260 240 220 200 3.5 4 4.5 5 Wavelength (Micron) 300 INSAT-3D Sounder FM-SRF 200 5 6 7 8 9 Wavelength (Micron) 280 260 240 220 200 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Wavelength (Micron)
Geo HR Imager 50m resolution INSAT-3D GHG Satellite (High resolution spectrom Resourcesat 1/2 LISS III, LISS IV, AWiFS Resourcesat-3/3A(P) VNIR, SWIR,, ACS (3 camera) RISAT-1/1R C-band SAR Resource sampler(p) 2.5 m MX, 30m HySi, 1.25 Pan Cartosat- 2C/2D(P) PAN Stereo (< 1m) MX (2.4 m) Indian Earth Observation System (2013-18, Future)
THANK YOU. for the patience