CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture 8 Chapter 2 Synthe1c Organic Chemicals Assistant Professor (OG) Department of Chemical Engineering 1
Overview of topics Chapter 2 SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS 1 2 3 4 Methanol and Formaldehyde Ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride Isopropanol and acetone Benzene 17/02/11 2
Overview of topics Chapter 2 SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS 1 2 Methanol and Formaldehyde Ethylene dichloride 3
Methanol Methanol (CH 3 OH) Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical with formula CH 3 OH (owen abbreviated MeOH). It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, vola1le, colorless, flammable, liquid with a dis1nc1ve odor that is very similar to but slightly sweeter than ethanol (drinking alcohol). 4
Methanol Raw materials Synthesis gas (Star1ng material) KMNO 4 removes the traces of ketones, aldehydes and other impuri1es Steam 5
Methanol Methods of produc;on Cataly1c hydrogena1on of carbon monoxide (Synthesis gas) Oxida1on of LPG (Propane and Butane) Chemical Reac;ons (exothermic) Main reac1on : CO + 2H 2 CH 3 OH; ΔH = - 26.4 kcal Side reac1on : CO + 3H 2 CH 4 + H 2 O; ΔH = - 50.0 kcal 2CO + 2H 2 CH 4 + CO 2 ; ΔH = - 60.3 kcal 6
Methanol CO+H 2 (Synthesis Gas) KMnO 4 Catalysts: Oxides of Zn, Cr, and Mg Water and Steam Recycle gas from storage Tank Process Methanol Heavy Alcohols Ether 7
Methanol (Dimethyl ether) Condenser Condenser Feed and Recycle gas mix point Catalyst Used: Oxides of Zn, Cr, and Mg 300 375 deg. C Storage Tank Cooler 2.25 mole ra1o of CO + H2 Compressor 200 350 atm De pressurized Reboiler Methanol Tower Reboiler CSTR (Traces of Ketones and Aldehydes are removed) Balasubramanian S 8
Methanol Uses of Methanol Used to manufacture formaldehyde Used as solvent in laboratories Used to manufacture silicones (Methyl chloride) Used in the fuel cells Used as an an1- freezing agent in pipelines 9
Formaldehyde Formaldehyde (HCHO or CH 2 O) Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a characteris1c pungent odor. It is an important precursor to many other chemical compounds, especially for polymers. Raw materials Methanol Air Water 10
Formaldehyde Methods of produc;on Cataly1c oxida1on and dehydrogena1on of methanol Oxida1on of Methane or LPG (Propane and Butane) Pyrolysis Chemical Reac;ons (Exothermic oxida;on and Endothermic dehydrogena;on) Oxida1on : CH 3 OH + ½ O 2 HCHO + H 2 O; ΔH = - 37.4 kcal Methanol + Oxygen Formaldehyde + Water Dehydrogena1on : CH 3 OH HCHO + H 2 ; ΔH = +50.0 kcal Methanol Formaldehyde + Hydrogen 11
Formaldehyde Catalyst: Oxides of Ag and Cu Pressure: 0.2 atm 450 600 OC 15% Unconverted methanol Methanol to Air Ra1o: 30 50% Preheater Preheater Balasubramanian S 12
Formaldehyde Uses of Formaldehyde Used to manufacture phenolic resins Used to manufacture urea Used to manufacture melamine resins 13
Overview of topics Chapter 2 SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS 1 2 Methanol and Formaldehyde Ethylene dichloride 14
Overview of topics Chapter 2 SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS 1 2 Methanol and Formaldehyde Ethylene dichloride 15
Ethylene dichloride Ethylene dichloride (C 2 H 4 Cl 2 ), is a chlorinated hydrocarbon, mainly used to produce vinyl chloride monomer (VCM, chloroethene), the major precursor for PVC produc1on. It is a colorless liquid with a chloroform- like odor. 16
Ethylene dichloride Raw materials Ethylene Chlorine Ethylene di bromide catalyst Caus1c (NaOH) 17
Ethylene dichloride Methods of produc;on Reac1on of chlorine with ethylene in liquid or vapor phase By- product of chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical Reac;ons Chlorina1on : CH 2 = CH 2 + Cl 2 ClCH 2. CH 2 Cl Ethylene Chlorine Ethylene dichloride 18
Ethylene dichloride 19
Ethylene dichloride Uses of Ethylene dichloride Used in the produc1on of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM, chloroethene) with hydrogen chloride as a byproduct. VCM is the precursor to polyvinyl chloride. Used as solvent. 20
References 1. Dryden C. E, Outlines of Chemical technology for the 21 st Century, 3 rd edi1on, East- West Press (2004) 2. Aus1n G. T, Shreve s Chemical Process Industries, 5 th edi1on, Mc Graw Hill Interna1onal edi1ons (1984) 3. Finar IL, Organic Chemistry Vol. 1 6th Edi1on Pearson Educa1on 2009 pp.116-117 21
Thank you 22