Geometc Otcs I bem o lgt s ow d s sot wvelegt comso to te dmeso o y obstcle o etue ts t, te ts bem my be teted s stgt-le y o lgt d ts wve oetes o te momet goed. I ts oxmto, lgt ys e tced toug ec otcs elemet te system esodg mtemtclly well-escbed wy t ec tecto ot. Relecto Relecto om suce deeds o te qulty o te suce d ow muc lgt s bsobed dug te ocess. A wve ot coesods to te le, see o se omed by coectg te -tme cests ogtg wve. Rys e vectos eedcul to wve ots dctg te decto o ogto. Wve Fots Ple Wves Rys At sucetly lge dstces om souce o by cosdeg smll oto o secl wve ot, ogtg wves my be oxmted s le wves. Te Lw o Relecto s: te gle o electo te gle o cdece θ θ
s s e eoductos o objects usg lgt. Ete lgt s elected om te object to obseve o lgt s ssed toug object o ojecto. Vtul s e otcl llusos tt exst oly we obseve s eset. Rys o lgt do ot ctully ss toug te mge locto to oduce te mge. s om Ple Mos e to ogte om locto bed te mo. Sce lgt does ot ss toug ts mge locto bed te mo, te mge s vtul d teeoe cot be ojected oto scee o lm. Rel s e omed we lgt sses toug te mge locto suc tt tese mges my be ojected oto scee, lm, etc. A oveed tsecy oms el mge. Fo Ple Mos te mge dstce s egtve, te object dstce s ostve, m d ltel mgcto deed s uty. Secl Mos Secl mos e ete cocve o covex. Te eless o mges omed by cocve secl mo deeds o te object osto. Fo covex secl mos, mges omed e lwys vtul.
F s te ocl ot o ec mo. Te ocl legt s ostve (el ocl ot) o cocve mo d egtve (vtul ocl ot) o covex mo. C s te mo cete o cuvtue, d s ostve o te cocve mo d egtve o te covex mo. Sce lgt ys comg om object ot o te mo ve moe (less) tme to dvege o to te electo, te mge sze oduced wll be lge (smlle) o cocve (covex) secl mo comso to mges om le mo. Pxl ys e oxmtely ocused t te secl mo ocl ot. Howeve, secl mos sue om secl beto d ot ll cdet ys ocus to sgle ocl ot. Pbolc mos ovecome ts oblem.
I te xl oxmto, cdet ys e cdet t smll gles wt esect to te cetl xs d te mo ocl legt s elted to ts cuvtue: Te mo equto eltes, d s ollows: Fom te sml tgles O AO I d AI te esult o Fom te sml tgles O FO d FAB te esult o
s omed by covex secl mo e lwys vtul, but mges omed by cocve secl mo deed o te object osto eltve to F Fo objects locted sde te ocl ot F, mges e ugt d vtul. Relected ys e dvegg s tey leve te mo suce d wll teeoe eve covege d/o ss toug el mge ot o te mo. Loctg object t F esults elected ys tt ete dvege o covege ot o o bed te mo mlyg mge s eve omed. I s outsde o F te mge becomes el d veted s sow Wt ltel mgcto, m tble o mo esults my be comled: Mo Tye Object Locto Locto Tye Sg o Sg o Sg o m Ple Aywee Bed Vtul Ugt Postve Cocve Isde F Bed Vtul Ugt Postve Postve Postve Cocve OutsdeF I ot Rel Iveted Postve Postve Negtve Covex Aywee Bed Vtul Ugt Negtve Negtve Postve
Recto d Sells Lw Te seed o lgt vcuum s c.9979458 x 0 8 m/s. I te medum cges, te so does te seed o lgt tt medum. Te medum dex o ecto detemes te seed o lgt wt te medum ccodg to: Femts cle sttes lgt wll tvel te t tt mmzes tst tme wt y medum. A bedg o ecto s teeoe see s lgt leves oe medum ssg to secod o deg dex o ecto. c v Te tme to tvese ec equls te tme to tvese g. λ v λ v λ v λ λ v λ λ Note tt ltoug, wc deeds o te medum, te wve equecy s ucged te ocess.
v c v v v c v λ λ λ λ λ Fom tgles ce d cg: λ S( θ ) c Sells Lw Follows: & λ S( θ ) c S S ( θ ( θ b ) ) b < b I lgt tvels om medum to medum b wee, te ecto s wy om te oml d te ossblty exst o totl tel electo we lgt 0 om medum s cdet t ctcl gleθc esultg 90 ecto gle: S b ( θ ) S ( θb ) S ( θ ) C b * θ C S b
T Leses We te tckess o les s muc smlle t ts d o cuvtue, te object dstce d te mge dstce, te te les s t les. Smle leses ve two ectg suces d e clssed s covegg o dvegg. To beg, y-tce toug t symmetc covegg d dvegg leses d deteme tble sml to tt costucted o te secl mos.
Les Tye Dvegg Covegg Covegg Object Locto Aywee Isde F OutsdeF Locto Sme Sde Sme Sde Ooste Sde Tye Sg o Sg o Sg o m Vtul Ugt Negtve Negtve Postve Vtul Ugt Postve Negtve Postve Rel Iveted Postve Postve Negtve Wt covegg les, te t les equto d te les mke omul e deved: T Les Equto By sml tgles: o d o Fo dvegg leses, d e eteed s egtve vlues.
Lesmke omul Cosde ecto occug t ec o te two covegg les suces d ly te ollowg esult o ecto t secl suce: α α α Axs O A C Glss C I L Fst suce o let.
Lst suce o gt. " " L Fo t leses, 0 L " " Addg ts to te esult o te les o te let, " " Sce s te tl object locto, d " s te l mge locto: } " )*{ ( Lesmke Fomul Fo submeso wt lud, lud