Solutions & Solubility: Net Ionic Equations (9.1 in MHR Chemistry 11) 1
Solubility vs. Temperature 2
Solubility Table Anions SOLUBILITY Table 8.3 page 363 in MHR Cl Br I S OH SO CO 3 PO 3 SO 3 C 2 H 3 O 2 NO 3 Cations High solubility (aq) 0.1 mol/l at SATP Low solubility (s) < 0.1 mol/l at SATP Group 1 Group 1 NH Most NH + + Group 1 Most Sr Group 2 2+ NH + Most All Ba 2+ Tl +? All Group 1 compounds including acids and all ammonium compounds are assumed to have high solubility in water. Ag + Pb 2+ Tl + Hg 2+ 2 Most Most (Hg + ) Cu + Ag + Pb 2+ Ca 2+ Ba 2+ Most Ag + None Sr 2+ Ra 2+ 3
Solubility Table Create soluble and insoluble compounds using OH Anions SOLUBILITY Table 8.3 page 363 in MHR Cl Br I S OH SO CO 3 PO 3 SO 3 C 2 H 3 O 2 NO 3 Cations High solubility (aq) 0.1 mol/l at SATP Low solubility (s) < 0.1 mol/l at SATP Most Group 1 NH + Group 2 Group 1 NH + Sr 2+ Ba 2+ Tl + Most Group 1 NH + Most All All Group 1 compounds including acids and all ammonium compounds are assumed to have high solubility in water. Ag + Pb 2+ Tl + Hg 2+ 2 Most Most (Hg + ) Cu + Ag + Pb 2+ Ca 2+ Ba 2+ Most Ag + None Sr 2+ Ra 2+
Writing Net Ionic Equation 1. Write the overall balanced chemical equation. 2. Write the total ionic equation. Break all aqueous compounds into constituent ions using solubility information (page 363). Leave solids liquids and gases alone. 3. Write the net ionic equation. Identify and cancel spectator ions in the total ionic equation. Reduce coefficients if necessary. 5
Sample Problem 1 Net Ionic Equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride. 6
Writing Net Ionic Equation 1. Write the overall balanced chemical equation. 7
Step 1 Overall balanced chemical equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride. AgNO 3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl (?) + NaNO 3 (?) 8
Writing Net Ionic Equation 1. Write the overall balanced chemical equation. 2. Write the total ionic equation. Break all aqueous compounds into constituent ions using solubility information (page 363). Leave solids liquids and gases alone. 9
Step 1 Overall balanced chemical equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride. AgNO 3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl (?) + NaNO 3 (?) 10
Check solubility information (page 363) AgCl (? ) AgCl ( s ) Anions SOLUBILITY Table 5 page 32 Cl Br I S OH SO CO 3 PO 3 SO 3 Cations High solubility (aq) 0.1 mol/l at SATP Most Group 1 NH + Group 2 Group 1 NH + Sr 2+ Ba 2+ Tl + Most C 2 H 3 O 2 NO 3 Group 1 NH + Most All All Group 1 compounds including acids and all ammonium compounds are assumed to have high solubility in water. Low solubility (s) < 0.1 mol/l at SATP Ag + Pb 2+ Tl + Hg 2+ 2 Most Most (Hg + ) Cu + Ag + Pb 2+ Ca 2+ Ba 2+ Most Ag + None Sr 2+ Ra 2+ 11
Check solubility information (p. 363) NaNO 3 (? ) NaNO 3 ( aq ) Anions SOLUBILITY Table 5 page 32 Cl Br I S OH SO CO 3 PO 3 SO 3 Cations High solubility (aq) 0.1 mol/l at SATP Most Group 1 NH + Group 2 Group 1 NH + Sr 2+ Ba 2+ Tl + Most C 2 H 3 O 2 NO 3 Group 1 NH + Most All All Group 1 compounds including acids and all ammonium compounds are assumed to have high solubility in water. Low solubility (s) < 0.1 mol/l at SATP Ag + Pb 2+ Tl + Hg 2+ 2 Most Most (Hg + ) Cu + Ag + Pb 2+ Ca 2+ Ba 2+ Most Ag + None Sr 2+ Ra 2+ 12
Step 1 Overall balanced chemical equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride. AgNO 3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl (s) + NaNO 3 (aq) 13
Writing Net Ionic Equations Step 2 Total ionic equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride. AgNO 3 (aq) NaCl (aq) Ag + (aq) + NO 3 (aq) + Na + (aq) + Cl (aq) AgCl (s) + Na+ (aq) + NO 3 (aq) Do not dissociate into ions NaNO 3 (aq) 1
Writing Net Ionic Equations Step 2 Total ionic equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride. Ag + (aq) + NO 3 (aq) + Na + (aq) + Cl (aq) AgCl (s) + Na+ (aq) + NO 3 (aq) 15
Writing Net Ionic Equation 1. Write the overall balanced chemical equation. 2. Write the total ionic equation. Break all aqueous compounds into constituent ions using solubility information (p. 363). Leave solids liquids and gases alone. 3. Write the net ionic equation. Identify and cancel spectator ions in the total ionic equation. Reduce coefficients if necessary. 16
Writing Net Ionic Equations Step 3 Net ionic equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride. Ag + (aq) + Cl (aq) AgCl (s) Spectator ions: NO 3 (aq) Na + (aq) 17
Complete Solution Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride. Step 1. Complete Balanced Chemical Equation AgNO 3(aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl (s) + NaNO 3 (aq) Step 2. Total Ionic Equation Ag + (aq) + NO 3 (aq) + Na+ (aq) + Cl (aq) AgCl (s) + NO 3 (aq) + Na + (aq) Step 3. Net Ionic Equation Ag + (aq) + Cl (aq) AgCl (s) Spectator ions: NO 3 (aq) Na + (aq) 18
Sample Problem 2 Net Ionic Equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous lithium carbonate & aqueous calcium acetate 19
Step 1 Overall balanced chemical equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous lithium carbonate and aqueous calcium acetate. Li 2 CO 3 (aq) + Ca(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 (aq) 2 LiC 2 H 3 O 2 (?) + CaCO 3 (?) 20
Check solubility information (p. 363) LiC 2 H 3 O 2 (? ) LiC 2 H 3 O 2 ( aq ) Anions SOLUBILITY Table 8.3 page 363 in MHR Cl Br I S OH SO CO 3 PO 3 SO 3 Cations High solubility (aq) 0.1 mol/l at SATP Most Group 1 NH + Group 2 Group 1 NH + Sr 2+ Ba 2+ Tl + Most C 2 H 3 O 2 NO 3 Group 1 NH + Most All All Group 1 compounds including acids and all ammonium compounds are assumed to have high solubility in water. Low solubility (s) < 0.1 mol/l at SATP Ag + Pb 2+ Tl + Hg 2+ 2 Most Most (Hg + ) Cu + Ag + Pb 2+ Ca 2+ Ba 2+ Most Ag + None Sr 2+ Ra 2+ 21
Check solubility information (p. 363) CaCO 3 (? ) CaCO 3 ( s ) Anions SOLUBILITY Table 8.3 page 363 in MHR Cl Br I S OH SO CO 3 PO 3 SO 3 Cations High solubility (aq) 0.1 mol/l at SATP Most Group 1 NH + Group 2 Group 1 NH + Sr 2+ Ba 2+ Tl + Most C 2 H 3 O 2 NO 3 Group 1 NH + Most All All Group 1 compounds including acids and all ammonium compounds are assumed to have high solubility in water. Low solubility (s) < 0.1 mol/l at SATP Ag + Pb 2+ Tl + Hg 2+ 2 Most Most (Hg + ) Cu + Ag + Pb 2+ Ca 2+ Ba 2+ Most Ag + None Sr 2+ Ra 2+ 22
Step 1 Overall balanced chemical equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous lithium carbonate and aqueous calcium acetate. Li 2 CO 3 (aq) + Ca(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 (aq) 2 LiC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + CaCO 3 (s) 23
Writing Net Ionic Equations Step 2 Total ionic equation rite the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous lithium carbonate and aqueous calcium acetate. 2 Li + (aq) + CO 3 (aq) + Ca 2+ (aq) +2 C 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) 2 Li + (aq) +2 C 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + CaCO 3 (s) 2
Writing Net Ionic Equations Step 3 Net ionic equation Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous lithium carbonate and aqueous calcium acetate. Ca 2+ (aq) +CO 3 (aq) CaCO 3 (s) Spectator ions: C 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) Li + (aq) 25
Complete Solution Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous lithum carbonate and aqueous calcium acetate. Step 1. Complete Balanced Chemical Equation Li 2 CO 3(aq) + Ca(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 (aq) 2 LiC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + CaCO 3 (s) Step 2. Total Ionic Equation 2 Li + (aq) +CO 3 (aq) + Ca2+ (aq) + 2 C 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) 2 Li + (aq) + 2 C 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + CaCO 3 (s) Step 3. Net Ionic Equation Ca 2+ (aq) + CO 3 (aq) CaCO 3 (s) Spectator ions: C 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) Li + (aq) 26
Try it! z p. 10 # 26810 27