Cell Structure and Function Practice 1. The National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) has a command center in Houston, Texas, that directs space missions. Which part of a cell functions like this command center? A. Plasma membrane B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Vacuole 2. A biologist ground up some plant cells and recovered some organelles. The organelles provided energy and had a green color. The organelles were most likely: A. vacuoles B. chloroplasts C. mitochondria D. nuclei 3. Your observing a rather large cell under the microscope. It is clearly visible and has a dark area within it which is identified as a nucleus. There is also a dark border around the cell membrane which you correctly identify as a cell wall. This cell may belong to a and is. A. plant, eukaryotic B. plant, prokaryotic C. animal, prokaryotic D. animal, eukaryotic 4. Which of these is a function of the cell membrane in all cells? A Producing cellular nutrients B Preserving cellular wastes C Neutralizing chemicals D Maintaining homeostasis 5. Which of the following pairs of terms are not related? A. nucleus DNA B. flagella cilia C. chloroplasts chlorophyll D. nucleus cell wall
The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support. The core of nearly all cell membranes is a double-layered sheet called a lipid bi-layer. Most materials entering the cell pass across this membrane by diffusion. The graph shows the sizes of several molecules that can diffuse across a lipid bi-layer. 6. Which three materials according to their size would diffuse most quickly across the lipid bi-layer. A. urea, water, glucose B. ethanol, urea, glucose C. oxygen, water, urea D. water, ethanol, oxygen 7. You prepare a wet mount of some cellular tissue. Look at the slide below and determine what type of cells you are observing. A. muscle cell with mitochondria B. nerve cells with nuclei C. plant cells with chloroplast D. bacteria cells with DNA strand
8. Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that A. anything can pass into or out of a cell. B. they regulate the passage of material into and out of the cell. C. glucose cannot enter the cell. D. cholesterol cannot enter the cell 9. Identify the organelle pictured. A. chloroplast B. mitochondrium C. lysosome D. ribosome 10. What part of the cell serves as the intracellular highway? A. mitochondrion B. chloroplast C. endoplasmic reticulum D. ribosome 11. Which is not part of the cell theory: A. cells vary in size but have the same shape, B. all organisms are made of one or more cells, C. all cells carry on their own life activities, D. new cells arise only from other living cells 12. What organelle contains digestive enzymes to destroy unwanted or unneeded items in the cell? A. vacuole B. Golgi C. ribosome D. lysosome Choose the letter on the right to correctly match the organelle on the left to its function: 13. cytoplasm A. Provides support & structure for plant and bacteria cell 14. vacuole B. Stores food, enzyme, water & waste 15. ribosome C. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell 16. cell wall D. Assembles proteins 17. cell membrane E. Fluid that supports all organelles
18. What organelle packages and modifies proteins for different areas of the cell? A. vesicle B. Golgi C. ribosome D. endoplasmic reticulum 19. The cell above would most likely be from an organism related to a(n) : A. animal B. plant C. human D. bacteria A D B C 20. The organelle above is a eukaryotic cell. Which part of the cell is most likely specialized for motility? A structure A B structure B C structure C D structure D
21. The swordfish has a heat-generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14 o C above the surrounding water temperature. What structures are likely to be found in relatively high concentrations in the cells of this organ? A Golgi bodies B Mitochondria C Nuclei D Ribosomes Cellular Organelles mitochondria ribosomes chloroplast cell membrane cell wall lysosomes nuclear material vacuoles microfilaments 22. In the table above is a list of organelles that may be found in prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells or both. Below is a Venn diagram. Which organelles should be placed in the area where the two circles overlap (organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic)? A. mitochondria, cell wall, nuclear material and ribosomes B. nuclear material, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and vacuoles C. cell membrane, cytoplasm, nuclear material and vacuoles D. cell membrane, nuclear material, ribosomes and cell wall 23. The product of the ribosome that is used to build more cells A lipids B membranes C DNA D proteins